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https://youtu.be/9nzkF0hmy04
SIMTECS describes the Doppler effect as the change in the frequency of sound waves that occur as they are reflected off a moving object. Principle of cover Doppler is commonly proved in sounds such as sirens. Other common examples include ultrasounds, doppler ultrasounds for blood, and even a duck in a pond.

There are different kinds of ultrasounds that can be used to determine the velocity, resistance, and pulscisity (Ultrasound Physics)

I did not realize but the Doppler effect applies to important everyday phenomenons. Particularly in the medical world the doppler ultrasound is a test that can estimate the blood flow through your blood vessels by bouncing  ultrasound waves off circulating red blood cells. This ultrasound differs from a regular ultrasound since it shows blood flow. This is a very important test since it can detect injuries and monitor specific treatments to veins and arteries. (Mayoclinic) Sirens from fire trucks and or ambulances is another common example that most people would recognize. Whether you are driving and are in your car or walking when the siren is coming towards you the pitch is higher and when it’s going past the pitch is lower and is due to the Doppler effect. (The Doppler Effect) This is very important as the Doppler effect helps save lives essentially since it signals drivers to slow down and pull to the right side of the road so that the first responders can get through.

“The Doppler Effect.” Uconn.edu, 2020, www.phys.uconn.edu/~gibson/Notes/Section6_3/Sec6_3.htm.

Mayo Clinic. “Doppler Ultrasound: What Is It Used For?” Mayo Clinic, 2016, www.mayoclinic.org/doppler-ultrasound/expert-answers/faq-20058452.

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Ultrasound Physics - Explaining Doppler. (n.d.). Www.youtube.com. Retrieved February 15, 2023, from https://youtu.be/9nzkF0hmy04

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The doppler effect is an increase or decrease in the frequency of sound, light or other waves as the source and observer move toward or away from each other. The doppler effect is used in the medical field frequently. One example of that is a Doppler ultrasound. The doppler ultrasound is a noninvasive test that can be used to estimate the blood flow through your blood vessels by bouncing high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) off circulating red blood cells. A regular ultrasound uses sound waves to produce images, but cannot show blood flow. Doppler ultrasound works by measuring sound waves that are reflected from moving objects, such as red blood cells.  It can be used to diagnose many conditions such as: blood clots, heart valve defects, decreased blood circulation, bulging arteries, etc. It is also used in Echocardiogram, Fetal monitoring, etc. Echocardiography is used in diagnosing heart diseases by providing information about the hearts shape and size and any tissue damage.

Doppler ultrasound: What is it used for? (n.d.). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/doppler-ultrasound/expert-answers/faq-20058452#:~:text=A%20Doppler%20ultrasound%20is%20a

Medline Plus. (2019). Doppler Ultrasound: MedlinePlus Lab Test Information. Medlineplus.gov. https://medlineplus.gov/lab-tests/doppler-ultrasound/

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The Doppler Effect is noted as a source, which releases a set of frequency waves while currently moving with respect to the observer (Ashish, 2022). A static source that is emitting frequency sound waves will be noted as the same pitch each time by an observer. However, if that source began moving, the space between each wave would change due to that motion which causes the observer to note different frequencies throughout the motion.

Though the doppler effect is used in many technological applications, a very common example of technology that uses the doppler effect is 911 sirens. Police and ambulances use sirens to notify emergency and as the vehicle approaches, the sound appears high pitched. When the vehicle has passed the observer, the sound appears low pitched. As the vehicle is approaching the observer, the distance between the observer and the vehicle is decreasing continuously. This causes the sound waves to reach the observer quicker, triggering a ‘higher’ pitch since the frequency of each wave is reaching the observer faster than if the source were static (Ashish, 2022). Whereas, when the vehicle is receding, the distance grows between the observer and the siren which decreases the wave frequency of the sound from the siren which is why the observer hears a ‘low’ pitched siren (Ashish, 2020). This siren frequency is extremely important for community safety as drivers on the roads can determine if the emergency vehicle is approaching or receding themselves so if the driver needs to, they can pull over to allow the emergency vehicle to continue ahead. These sirens have played an important role in saving lives including my father’s life in 2019. Due to a major heart attack, my father needed an ambulance which went code red to the hospital, which means sirens on and full speed. Other drivers on the road were able to pull over way ahead of the speeding ambulance due to the ‘high’ pitch from the doppler effect or increased wave frequency produced by the siren. The ‘high’ pitch lets drivers know that the siren is approaching them so they can pull over ahead of the time the ambulance passes the driver.

The doppler effect is also used in medical imaging. One of the more common types of medical imaging is ultrasound. A doppler ultrasound uses sound waves which are reflected from moving sources, for example red blood cells (Fletcher, 2019). The importance of a doppler ultrasound is to read blood flow of the patients(Fletcher, 2019). A human body has arteries and veins that run in a system all around the body and center back to the heart and doppler ultrasounds use the frequency of sound waves from the arteries and veins to determine blood flow. The handheld doppler ultrasound is a device that emits sound waves which reflect off of moving red blood cells. This reflection resembles an image on the ultrasound screen which determines the quality of blood flow(Fletcher, 2019). This is important in life and can be used in many cases including pregnancy, heart conditions, and anxiety. When my father had his heart attack, the surgeons on his case used a doppler ultrasound on his heart to determine which area had the blocked arteries and were not supplying enough blood flow to his heart. Without the doppler ultrasound, the surgeons might have not been able to locate the blocked artery in time to save my father’s life.

Fletcher, J. (2019, October 28). Doppler ultrasound: Uses, what to expect, and results. Medical News Today. Retrieved February 13, 2023, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326824

Ashish. (2022, March 24). Why does an ambulance siren sound different as it passes by? Science ABC. Retrieved February 13, 2023, from https://www.scienceabc.com/pure-sciences/ambulance-police-siren-sound-different-passes.html

YouTube. (2021, October 26). What is Doppler effect? ambulance siren and police radar gun. YouTube. Retrieved February 13, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gytA8PuGQo4

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What is Doppler Effect? Ambulance siren and Police Radar Gun

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According to Christopher McFadden, the doppler effect is the difference in frequency of a source and a spectator at a distance (McFadden, 2020).

One fascinating piece of technology that utilizes the doppler effect is called the pulse-doppler radar. This piece of technology has many uses including motion detection (McFadden, 2020). In a pulse-doppler radar, a wave is sent out to the surrounding environment (McFadden, 2020). Objects within the environment are hit by the wave (MATLAB, 2022). The radar then waits for the signal to be sent back (MATLAB, 2022). Once the wave returns, it can give a good idea of what the surrounding environment looks like. This type of radar has many differing uses. Recently, however, researchers are realizing its use in healthcare. Tripping and falling has become a very large concern for the elderly population. For these individuals, fall detection should be prioritized. The doppler-radar can be used to sense falls in a given environment (Hanifi & Karsligil, 2021). If falls can be detected, help can be sent to the person in need. Personally, I have a relative who is older in age and lives alone. Through this technology using the doppler effect, falls could be detected at a much-improved rate. Additionally, In my future endeavors, I want to go into the field of physical therapy. This would require working with a variety of people who may be older in age. Suggesting the use of technology to detect and prevent injuries/falls would be of great importance. A more in depth explanation of the pulse-doppler radar can found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtyU6aKZ-cY

Another procedure that utilizes the doppler effect is the echocardiogram. A doppler echocardiogram is basically an ultrasound of the heart. During this procedure, an ultrasound machine sends waves towards the heart (“Echocardiogram”, 2023). Afterwards, the blood vessels bounce the waves back towards the machine (“Echocardiogram”, 2023). This helps clinicians get a good idea of the functioning of the heart. There are many types of echocardiograms. One specific kind of echocardiogram is a stress echocardiogram (“Echocardiogram”, 2023). This echocardiogram looks at how well the heart can respond to exercise. In terms of relatability, I love to exercise. In wanting to become a physical therapist, one should encourage physical activity. However, it is important to know that some individuals may have some issues that prevent physical activity. It is important to realize that exercise presents some level of risk for individuals. Echocardiograms can help determine heart function along with exercising capabilities. Therefore, the results of this test are important to consider when encouraging exercise. I have linked an example of someone being given an echocardiogram here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rthBw0ZwQM. Finally, for more information on Echocardiograms, I have attached an article for viewing. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/16947-echocardiogram

Works Cited:

Echocardiogram. (2022, May 9). Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved February 13, 2023, from  https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diagnostics/16947-echocardiogram

Echocardiogram. (2023, January 31). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved February 13, 2023, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/echocardiogram/about/pac-20393856

Hanifi, K, & Karsligil, M.E. (2021). Elderly Fall Detection with Vital Signs Monitoring Using CW Doppler Radar. IEEE Sensors Journal, 21(15), 16969-16978. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2021.3079835

MATLAB (2022, July 12). Pulse-Doppler Radar Understanding Radar Principles [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NtyU6aKZ-cY&t=49s

McFadden, C. (2020, October 11). What is the Doppler Effect and How is it Used in Real Life? Interesting Engineering. https://interestingengineering.com/science/what-is-the-doppler-effect-and-how-is-it-used-in-real-life

National Heart Centre Singapore. (2021, December 1). Stress Echocardiogram [Video]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2rthBw0ZwQM

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Pulse-Doppler Radar | Understanding Radar Principles

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According to Bettex, from MIT news office, the doppler effect is the changing frequency of light or sound waves that are created by a moving source with respect to an observer (Bettex, 2010).

One application of the doppler effect that has had an impact on my life is in police radars. Police radar guns use the doppler effect to measure the speed of cars as they drive past. This helps the cops know whether someone is speeding or not. The police radar gun emits a continuous microwave. This microwave measures the echo of the frequency that has shifted as the vehicle moves. This frequency shift is measured in hertz, but it is proportional to the speed that the car is moving. This is how the police are able to tell how fast or slow someone is driving (Sawicki). Unfortunately, this use of the doppler effect has gotten me a few tickets. I used to be quite a fast driver so I've experienced being pulled over due to a police officer radaring me and catching me speeding. Thankfully, I have since learned my lesson and pay much closer attention to my speed while I drive now. This website linked below, shows a lot of interesting information about how police radars work.
https://copradar.com/chapts/chapt3/ch3d1.html

Another use of the doppler effect is in an ultrasound. A doppler ultrasound is a non invasive test done by doctors. This test can be used for many purposes such as diagnosing blood clots, blocked arteries, heart defects, bulging arteries and a lot more. According to doctor Sheps M.D, a doppler ultrasound works by bouncing ultrasonic sound waves off of the circulating red blood cells in the body. This allows the  doctor to be able to estimate the amount of blood moving through the person's blood vessels (Sheps, 2019). Personally, I have had to have a doppler ultrasound test done on me. The doctors wanted to check the valves of my heart after my sister was born with a birth defect causing one of her bilateral valves to not have formed correctly. Once my sister was diagnosed with this problem, I also had to have my heart structure looked at just to double check and make sure I did not also have any issues with the shape of my heart since the issue can be genetic.

Works Cited:
Bettex, M. (n.d.). Explained: The Doppler effect. MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved February 9, 2023, from https://news.mit.edu/2010/explained-doppler-0803

Channel, P. (2017, July 12). The shape of the wavefront. YouTube. Retrieved February 9, 2023, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5q3hitMj0wY

Sawicki, D. S. (n.d.). Police Doppler Radar. Police doppler radar. Retrieved February 9, 2023, from https://copradar.com/chapts/chapt3/ch3d1.html

Sheldon G. Sheps, M. D. (2019, December 31). Doppler ultrasound: What is it used for? Mayo Clinic. Retrieved February 9, 2023, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/doppler-ultrasound/expert-answers/faq-20058452

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The Doppler effect is a change in the frequency of an observed sound due to motion of either the source or the observer (Urone et al., 2012).

One example of technology that is based on the Doppler effect is the Doppler radar. These technological systems can give someone information regarding the movement of targets as well as their position (National Weather Service, n.d.). These radars work by sending a beam of electromagnetic radiation waves from a transmitter, with a certain frequency, at a moving object (Lakshan, 2021). When the radiation hits the object, radiation waves travel back to the receiver/transmitter. It then has a different frequency compared to the one that was emitted. The change in frequency can then be used to calculate the velocity of the moving object (Lakshan, 2021). This relates to my life as one of the most common uses for this technology is for weather forecasting. Weather forecasting using this technology can provide information about the direction and speed of objects such as drops of precipitations (National Weather Service, n.d.). Another way this relates to my life is that Doppler radars are sometimes used in aircraft navigation, which is a system of transportation I need to go on vacations and visit family. It helps pilots and other aircraft workers to know where planes are and what they need to avoid when they are in motion (Page, 2021).

Here is a short video that explains this process a little:
https://youtu.be/VjhAh5v14R4

Another piece of technology that is based on the Doppler effect is a Doppler ultrasound. The Doppler ultrasound is a test that can be used to estimate the blood flow through blood vessels by bouncing sound waves off circulating red blood cells (Doppler Ultrasound: What Is It Used For?, 2019). It works similar to Doppler radar in that the waves go out to moving objects and go back to the receiver with a different frequency. This gives us an idea of how fast the blood is flowing from the changes in frequency (Doppler Ultrasound: What Is It Used For?, 2019). This relates to my life in that if I ever need to get a heart evaluation or diagnosis done, the Doppler ultrasound would be a vital tool to get an idea of what is happening inside my body. It is also helpful in knowing about blood clots throughout the body (Doppler Ultrasound: What Is It Used For?, 2019). Additionally, it is a great way to check out internal workings without an invasive procedure as the sound waves go right through the body and skin (Doppler Ultrasound: What Is It Used For?, 2019).

Here is a short video about Doppler ultrasounds to provide a more visual explanation: https://youtu.be/tQn8jKtwk6o

Works Cited:
Doppler ultrasound: What is it used for? (2019, December 31). Mayo Clinic. https://www.mayoclinic.org/doppler-ultrasound/expert-answers/faq-20058452

Lakshan, L. (2021, December 28). What is a Doppler Radar Sensor and How does It Work? Latest Open Tech From Seeed. https://www.seeedstudio.com/blog/2020/06/12/what-is-a-doppler-radar-and-how-does-it-work-m/

National Weather Service. (n.d.). NWS JetStream - How does Doppler radar work? https://www.weather.gov/jetstream/how

Page, C. (2021, November 6). How pilots predict bad weather and keep your flights smooth. The Points Guy. https://thepointsguy.com/guide/aircraft-weather-radar-doppler/

Urone, P. P., Hinrichs, R., Dirks, K., & Rice University. (2012). College Physics. Amsterdam University Press.

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Remember to add you name to the title of your post.  And, include APA citations.-- Lisa Knight!

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Remember to add you name to the title of your post.  And, include APA citations.-- Lisa Knight!