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Predation is a biological interaction where one organism, the predator, kills and eats another organism, its prey.

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The shark and remora relationship benefits both species. Remoras eat scraps of prey dropped by the shark. They also feed off of parasites on the shark’s skin and in its mouth. This makes the shark happy because the parasites would otherwise irritate the shark.

The remora receives more than a convenient food source; the sharks protect them from predators and give them free transportation throughout the oceans.

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Dodder seeds germinate in soil and can live on their own for 5 to 10 days until they are about a foot tall. If they have not found a suitable host by this time the seedlings will die. Seedlings that find a suitable host twine around the plant and insert haustoria (modified adventitious roots) into the tender stem. The haustoria penetrate and tap the plant's vascular system for water, minerals and nutrients. Plants are weakly photosynthetic, but most produce very little food on their own. They rely upon their host plant for survival.

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Attack of the Parasitic Plant! (Cuscuta)

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Its flowers live for only a few days; male and female flowers must be open at the same time; and the male and female flowers must be close enough for flies to transfer pollen from the male to the female.

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A mistletoe plant inserts its haustoria through its host's bark to obtain water and minerals. The mistletoe requires these nutrients in order to make its food. Its leaves contain chlorophyll and the plant produces its own food by photosynthesis.

Mistletoe plants are either male or female. The female plant's flowers are small and greenish yellow in color and the berries are usually white. They may have a yellow, orange or pink tinge, however, depending on the species.

The berries have a sticky pulp which is important in the distribution of the seeds. When a bird eats the berries, the seeds pass undigested through its digestive tract, still inside their sticky covering. They are released into a new area in the bird's droppings.

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Parasitic plants have the ultimate plant lifestyle. They get their food or water from another plant instead of making food or obtaining water on their own. The host does the heavy lifting and the parasite benefits. The relationship between the two plants can be very successful for the parasite, as long as it doesn't kill its host.

Parasitic plants often have root-like structures called haustoria which penetrate the host and enter its xylem or phloem. Xylem contains vessels that conduct water and minerals upwards from the soil. Phloem contains vessels that transport food made by photosynthesis downwards. The haustoria absorb nutrients and food from the xylem and phloem, which the parasite uses.

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The fungus breaks down substrate (including rock), providing nutrients for the algae. The algae will then use the nutrients for photosynthesis to take place. The fungus will be able to get food from the algae.
Angeliez and Dain

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Goby fish and shrimp - Sarthak and Rui Qi

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Goby fish and shrimp - Sarthak and Rui Qi

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A further example is the goby, a fish which sometimes lives together with a shrimp. The shrimp digs and cleans up a burrow in the sand in which both the shrimp and the goby fish live. The shrimp is almost blind, leaving it vulnerable to predators when outside its burrow. In case of danger, the goby touches the shrimp with its tail to warn it. When that happens both the shrimp and goby quickly retreat into the burrow.

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Golden jackals and tigers-Sarthak and Rui Qi

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Golden jackals and tigers-Sarthak and Rui Qi

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When the jackals are expelled from the pack they will follow a tiger and eat the remains of its kill and help in the process of decomposition

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Plover bird and crocodiles ( By Sarthak and Rui Qi)

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Plover bird and crocodiles ( By Sarthak and Rui Qi)

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Plover bird feeds on the meat stuck In the crocodiles teeth and the crocodile scares away the plover bird’s predators

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The Orchid gets nutrients from the tree to be able to make food to survive.
Angeliez and Dain

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Phoretic mites use honey bees for transport from one flower to another.

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Anemone and clown fish
- protecting each other from their predators