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Here is another artwork by Barbara Kruger, "77% of Anti-Abortion Leaders are Men. 100% of Them Will Never Get Pregnant."

It was a poster for the "The Pro-Choice Public Education Project", 1999.

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Analysis:
With anti-abortion laws set, all unborn fetuses must be born, as fetal rights exist. Article 67 states that the life of a person begins at conception. Reasons for governments enforcing anti-abortion laws can simply be reduced to having pity for the child. However, at the bottom of the artwork, there is the text "Starve the Child". This text could be referring to children or people in general living poverty-stricken areas. The "already born" should be a priority of the government, not unwanted unborn fetuses.

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What ideas does the writer wish to convey?

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BOLLEN: When you started your word-on-image pieces, there were other artists also utilizing words or language in arts. Did you find a receptive audience to the messages found in your works?

KRUGER: I remember going into a gallery and seeing a Lawrence Weiner show. I just didn't get it. Now that I've been educated in conceptual art, I understand it. I think the difference was that my photo work with words comes full-on from my job as a magazine designer, not informed by the art world at all. That was the shock when I first showed it. They were bigger; they were one of a kind. I couldn't make an edition; I didn't have the money. I used to take them from a photo place on 53rd Street onto the E train. They were, like, 48-by-72-inch, and I'd carry them in the subway and up the 78 steps to my studio. I first showed that work in L.A., at Gagosian. I had two shows with Larry, in '81 and '82. And that was the first time people bought my work. And he worked in New York with Annina Nosei, and she had a gallery on Prince Street, and I had my first show of that work with her. Sold out immediately. I made $75, maybe $80, on each of those works. They sold for $1,200; I got half, but I paid for the frames and the prints.

BOLLEN: The text in many of those pieces have taken on many lives of it own-"I Shop Therefore I Am." In making those pieces, was the text something you wrote separately, or did that happen in the studio, in immediate relation to the found image? What's your writing process?

KRUGER: You know where I used to go a lot? I used to write all of my Artforum columns at Caffè Dante on MacDougal Street. That used to be my office. I used to write there a lot. I've always been a café writer-not with a computer, but with a little pad and pencil.

BOLLEN: And how did you know which image would work with the text you wrote?

KRUGER: Sort of a mix and match. I have a repertoire, an archive, as they say today, of images.

BOLLEN: Is your archive culled from magazines?

KRUGER: From hunting and gathering, yeah. You know, it always gets me when people say that I worked in advertising. I never did. I never had that experience of selling a particular product. When you work in magazines, it's a serial process, it's about seriality-and so is photography. Or painting. It's about serial productions. And it's true with amassing an archive-a seriality of images, a seriality of texts. And it's the same with my video work. It's about the multiplicity of images.

BOLLEN: Feminism is a part of your work, but do you ever feel as if critics are trying to tie you down to a certain politic-'80s feminism, that's Barbara Kruger-instead of letting your works live multiple lives?

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The artist who transformed questions of consumption and control into a signature form is still applying her propulsive texts and images across the public sphere. but while the messages themselves are often black-and-white (and red), the issues, emotions, and ideas they dredge up rarely are

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Here are some definitions of some key terms we will use in this discussion:

Pro-life: opposing abortion and euthanasia

Pro-death: being in favor of capital punishment

Abortion: the deliberate termination of a pregnancy

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What’s Become of All the Extreme Abortion Bans From This Year?

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What’s Become of All the Extreme Abortion Bans From This Year?

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An update on the abortion bill situation in a few states of the USA.

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The first six months of the year saw relentless attacks on abortion rights on the state level. Five states passed bills banning the procedure after six weeks, before many women even realize they're pregnant. And in May, Alabama governor Kay Ivey signed a near-full ban on the procedure. The same month, Missouri - a state with only one abortion clinic - passed an extreme eight-week ban that didn't include any exceptions for instances of rape, incest, or human trafficking. In all, seven states have passed similarly stringent laws in 2019, and more are considering them.

But in recent months, judges in many of these states have started to issue preliminary injunctions, which allow patients to continue accessing important reproductive care while the court hears the case in full to determine whether or not the bill is constitutional. In short, these court orders - also known as temporary blocks - maintain the status quo, allowing abortion to remain legal. Most recently, on August 27, a federal judge temporarily blocked Missouri's ban.

The fight doesn't end here, though. Planned Parenthood director of state advocacy media Bonyen Lee-Gilmore says now is not the time to "rest easy," as states are expected to appeal to circuit courts. Under Trump, these courts have become increasingly hostile to reproductive rights.

"Trump has appointed over 100 judges to the federal bench, and we're seeing circuit courts become more and more anti-abortion," Lee-Glimore told the Cut. "This is no coincidence. Trump is remaking the judicial branch in order to push these unconstitutional laws forward, and we're seeing these judges stare Supreme Court precedent in the face and create new rules."

Here's what's become of all the extreme bans this year so far.

Alabama

As promised, the American Civil Liberties Union of Alabama and Planned Parenthood Federation of America swiftly filed a lawsuit to block the Alabama the law, which is scheduled to go into effect in November. While a judge hasn't ruled on the case yet, attorneys for the state have indicated that they'd be willing put a temporary restraining order on the law until May 2020, while the state and the reproductive-rightsorganizations suing itresolve the lawsuit.

Georgia

Kentucky

Status: Temporarily blocked.
On March 15, Kentucky became one of the first states of the year to sign into law its six-week abortion ban, which was scheduled to go into effect immediately, per the New York Times. (The bill includes exceptions when the woman's life is endangered, but not in cases of rape or incest.) That same day, though, ACLU filed an immediate challenge, and Judge David J. Hale of the Western District of Kentucky temporarily blocked the law on grounds that it was potentially unconstitutional.

Louisiana

Mississippi

"[The ban] prevents a woman's free choice, which is central to personal dignity and autonomy," he continued in his ruling, which he issued on May 24. "This injury outweighs any interest the state might have in banning abortions after the detection of a fetal heartbeat."

On June 21, though, Mississippi attorney general Jim Hood appealed the federal judge's ruling to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit, according to local outlets.

Missouri

Had Missouri's law gone into effect, it would've banned abortion after eight weeks with with no exceptions for instances of rape, incest, or human trafficking. (It would, however, allow for exceptions in cases of medical emergency). Furthermore, doctors who would've performed the procedure under the law would've faced up to 15 years in prison.

Ohio

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What's Become of All the Extreme Abortion Bans From This Year?

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The first six months of the year saw relentless attacks on abortion rights on the state level. Five states passed bills banning the procedure after six weeks, before many women even realize they're pregnant. And in May, Alabama governor Kay Ivey signed a near-full ban on the procedure.

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Barbara Kruger is an American artist based in New York and Los Angeles. She is known for her distinct style - overlay captions with a white on red text. She uses her platform to address various cultural issues such as identity, sexuality, and power.

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Barbara Kruger - Feminist Artist - The Art History Archive

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"I see my work as a series of attempts to ruin certain representations and to welcome a female spectator into the audience of men. If this work is considered incorrect, all the better, for my attempts aim to undermine that singular pontificating male voice-over which correctly instructs our pleasures and histories or lack of them."

- Barbara Kruger

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"I have no complaints, except for the world."

- Barbara Kruger