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Conservation of Natural Resources and Land

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Conservation of Natural Resources and Land

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the process of protecting natural land and returning developed land to its natural state

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Joseph Gurney Cannon was a United States politician from Illinois and leader of the Republican Party

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The Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States, and without regard to any census or enumeration.

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The Square Deal was President Theodore Roosevelt's domestic program.

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the manipulation of an economy, carried out by governments around the world, in an attempt to prevent or eliminate monopolies and corporate trusts.

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The Coal strike of 1902 was a strike by the United Mine Workers of America in the anthracite coalfields of eastern Pennsylvania

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Meat Inspection Act/Pure Food and Drug Act

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Meat Inspection Act/Pure Food and Drug Act

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The Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was the first of a series of significant consumer protection laws which was enacted by Congress in the 20th century and led to the creation of the Food and Drug Administration.

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During the early decades of the 20th century, movements to resist such racial and gender discrimination gained strength in many countries. While a Pan-African movement emerged in response to European imperialism, African Americans developed various strategies to challenge racial discrimination in the United States. Educator Booker T. Washington emphasized economic development without openly challenging the Jim Crow system, Harvard University-educated scholar W.E.B. Du Bois became a leading advocate for civil rights and Pan-African unity among Africans and African descendants elsewhere in the world. In 1909 Du Bois and other African American leaders joined with white proponents of racial equality to form the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), which became the country's most enduring civil rights organization. Under the leadership of Du Bois, James Weldon Johnson, Walter White, Thurgood Marshall, and others, the NAACP publicized racial injustices and initiated lawsuits to secure equal treatment for Black Americans in education, employment, housing, and public accommodations.

The NAACP faced competition from various groups offering alternative strategies for racial advancement. In 1941 labour leader A. Philip Randolph's threat to stage a march on Washington, D.C., prodded Pres. Franklin D. Roosevelt to issue an executive order against employment discrimination in the wartime defense industries. The interracial Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) also undertook small-scale civil disobedience to combat segregation in Northern cities.

In the aftermath of World War II, African American civil rights efforts were hampered by ideological splits. Du Bois and prominent African American entertainer Paul Robeson were among the leftist leaders advocating mass civil rights protests while opposing the Cold War foreign and domestic policies of Pres. Harry S. Truman, but Truman prevailed in the 1948 presidential election with critical backing from NAACP leaders and most African Americans able to vote. Marshall and other NAACP leaders gained additional Black support when the Supreme Court ruled public school segregation unconstitutional in 1954 in the NAACP-sponsored case of Brown v. Board of Education.

Yet, even as the NAACP consolidated its national dominance in the civil rights field, local Black activists acted on their own to protest racial segregation and discrimination. For example, in 1951 a student walkout at a Virginia high school led by Barbara Johns, age 16, was one of the local efforts that culminated in the Brown decision. When the Supreme Court did not set a time limit for states to desegregate their school systems and instead merely called for desegregation "with all deliberate speed," the stage was set for years of conflicts over public school desegregation and other discriminatory practices.

American civil rights movement events

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American civil rights movement - W.E.B. Du Bois to Brown v. Board of Education

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During the early decades of the 20th century, movements to resist such racial and gender discrimination gained strength in many countries. While a Pan-African movement emerged in response to European imperialism, African Americans developed various strategies to challenge racial discrimination in the United States. Educator Booker T.

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Loss in the Election of 1912 against Wilson and Roosevelt

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Loss in the Election of 1912 against Wilson and Roosevelt

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Democratic Governor Woodrow Wilson of New Jersey unseated incumbent Republican President William Howard Taft and defeated former President Theodore Roosevelt, who ran as the Progressive Party ("Bull Moose") nominee.

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The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex.

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The firing of Pinchot, a close friend of Teddy Roosevelt, alienated many progressives within the Republican party and drove a wedge between Taft and Roosevelt himself, leading to the split of the Republican Party in the 1912 presidential election.

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As president, Wilson confronted a new generation of African American leaders who had begun to challenge their more conservative elders

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The Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act of 1909, named for Representative Sereno E. Payne and Senator Nelson W. Aldrich, began in the United States House of Representatives as a bill raising certain tariffs on goods entering the United States.

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The Clayton Antitrust Act is a piece of legislation passed by the U.S. Congress in 1914. The Act defines unethical business practices, such as price fixing and monopolies, and upholds various rights of labor

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The Federal Trade Commission Act of 1914 established the Federal Trade Commission. The Act, signed into law by Woodrow Wilson in 1914, outlaws unfair methods of competition and outlaws unfair acts or practices that affect commerce.

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The Federal Reserve System is the central banking system of the United States of America. It was created on December 23, 1913, with the enactment of the Federal Reserve Act, after a series of financial panics led to the desire for central control of the monetary system in order to alleviate financial crises.

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Roosevelt led his delegates out of the convention and created a new party (the Progressive, or "Bull Moose" ticket), in the election of 1912.

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A Tariff is a tax placed on goods that are imported from foreign countries. The Underwood Tariff, aka the Revenue Act of 1913, lowered basic tariff rates from 40% to 26%, well below the 1909 Payne-Aldrich Tariff Act which had been President Taft's derisive compromise on tariffs