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Because Germany lost the war, many camps outside of Germany were closed. This resulted in death marches. Death marches were when prisoners are led to another camp in Germany by walking. Many people died on the way. The journey was really harsh, they couldn't rest and had no food or water on the way to Germany. Some were murdered and some just died because of the harsh conditions.

1/18/1945 - 60,000 prisoners in Auschwitz camps began their death march, Thousands of people were already killed before the death march. More than 15,000 died during the march. In Wodzislaw, the few remaining Jews were deported to concentration camps in Germany.
1/25/1945 - Almost 50,000 prisoners were in the North Poland camps, about 5,000 of them marched to Baltic Sea coast. All of them were forced to jump into the water and shot by guns. Another death march similar to the North Poland one was in eastern Germany.

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It has the largest gas chambers of all Germany and can hold 2000 people at one time.
They work and sleep with the same clothes.
They have to shave their hair and also have a number tattooed on their bodies like in the book Prisoner B-3087.
The soups were mostly made from rotten vegetables, which made them get diarrhea.

May 20, 1940-Auschwitz I camp opens. It was opened on this day, then it continued expanding using forced labor. The camp soon opened up the crematorium.
October 8, 1941-Construction of Auschwitz II (Birkenau) begins. Same as the first camp.
October 1942-Auschwitz III camp opens. I.G.Farben invested 1.4 million dollars on this project. More Prisoners were assigned to forced labor.
January 27,1945-Soviet army liberates Auschwitz camp complex. 60,000 Jews were forced to go on a death march.

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The Nazis bring  in Jews and form them into two different lines that determine if they live or die. The strong and healthy were led to a line of forced labor and the other one that contained weak, young, and elderly people and led them to the gas chambers and killed them. To reduce panic, the Nazis told them that they are going to take a shower to get rid of lice.
October, 1939- Germans begin to killing those who they think are "unworthy of life" and then send them to gas chambers where they kill them.

12/8/1941 - Killing centers begin operation, where they are either killed in Gas chambers or Gas vans with carbon Monoxide or Zyklon B.
6/22/1944 - The first documented gassing at Ravensabruek concentration camp, which is a women's camp.

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Ghetto (in our time): a part of a city, especially a slum area, occupied by a minority group or groups.

Ghetto (Jews): the Jewish quarter in a city.

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Many Jews were forced to go to Ghettos and lived in overcrowded apartments, where several families lived in one house.
Many of them included children who had to sleep in the street.
Diseases spread because of the bad conditions in Ghettos.
There was a lot of famine going on.
Suicides were one way to solve the problem of famine.

2/8/1940 - 160,000 Jews from Lodz were forced to go to a small ghetto. Most area didn't have water and food
1/16/1942 -Lodz Jews were deported to killing centers where they were killed in gas vans. (truck gas chambers)
6/23/1944 - between 9/1942 to 5/1944, there was less deportation to killing centers but more to labor camps.
6/23/1944, the Nazis resume deporting Jews to killing centers again.

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150 Jews went back to Kielce to try and find a better place .
After the war, there were lots of riots that happened in Poland. The riots were mostly from the Anti-Jews.

In July 11th, 1947- Refugee ships sail for Palestine
In November 29th, 1947- UN (United Nations) votes for Partitions
In August 3rd, 1945- Harrison issued report on Jews in Germany

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The Nazi controlled the Jews by forcing them go to the Ghetto.
Ghettos are highly secured by fences, and guards. Jews can't go outside. If they go outside, they might get shot like how the man in PJs got shot in the Prisoner book.

December 12th, 1940-All Jews in Warsaw were ordered to go to the largest Ghetto.
July 11th, 1942- 300,000 Jews were deported to concentration camp, and 250,000 of them went to Treblinka, only 50,000 remained in the city.
April 19th, 1943- The Nazis announced a new deportation system. Most Jews hid or refused to go, and Germans set fire and some Jews resisted. In the battle, thousands of Jews were killed and deported to camps.

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Germans burned all the books, except their own.
The Nazis started propaganda saying that the camps were good, or pleasant.
Nazis continue invading the country.
During the event of book burning, the total of books that burned were more than 25,000 books.

On Dec 5th, 1930- Joseph Goebbels disrupts premiere of film.
On March 13, 1933 Joseph Goebbels, who is one of Adolf Hitlers most trusted associates, is appointed the head of Reich Ministry for Popular Enlightenment and Propaganda.
May 10, 1933 Joseph Goebbels speaks at book burning in Berlin and after he speaks of how "un - German" the books written by the Jews are, the students begin to burn books.

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Jews Life in Europe Before the Holocaust

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Jews Life in Europe Before the Holocaust

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The Jews were found everywhere before the Holocaust. They were doctors, farmers, tailors, accountants, teachers, and small business owners.

September 1791
Jews were emancipated in France which means the removal of all legal discrimination against the Jews and getting equal rights.
June 24, 1922
Jewish politician Walter Rathenau, was assassinated in Germany. His murder is indicative of the right-wing antisemitic campaign blaming Jews for Germany's defeat in World War I.
March 9, 1936
Pogrom in Przytyk, Poland. This is when violence erupts in Poland, there were 3 Jews killed and 60 wounded. And before the Pogrom ended, almost 80 Jews died and 200 were wounded.