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This event occured near the end of the book and caused Nately's whore to become homeless. http://humanities.exeter.ac.uk/history/research/centres/warstateandsociety/projects/bombing/italy/

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This article outlines the symptoms of PTSD, which is one of the mental afflictions felt by the main character, Yossarian. http://www.military.com/benefits/veterans-health-care/posttraumatic-stress-disorder-overview.html

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This article describes how soldiers in WWII would fake illnesses, injuries, and problems to get out of combat. http://www.psywarrior.com/malingering.html

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The paperwork and the bureaucracy in Catch-22 is ultimately what ruled the soldier's lives. Source:

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This is the bomber that the soldiers had to fly in for their missions on. Source: http://ww2airwarfare.weebly.com/the-aircraft.html

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This is the island where the military base was located in the novel. The island is too small for a military base but the book is fiction. Source: http://www.toskana.net/blog/it/lisola-di-pianosa/

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There was many characters in the book Catch-22, however, Doc Daneeka had a major impact on the book for being a minor character. Near the end of the book, McWatt was screwing around in a plane and flying very close to the beaches to scare the squadron and one of the propellers slices Kid Sampson in half. McWatt was ashamed and flew his plane into a mountain to kill himself. According to the records, Doc Daneeka was aboard this plane getting flight time but he never actually left the camp. However, Heller uses this to make a point about the war. Doc's superior officers send a notice to the Generals that he has been killed in action. The paperwork goes through, and Doc is legally dead and his wife gets a notice. Heller uses this to show that dying doesn't always happen on the battlefield - it can happen through the bureaucratic systems that the government has in place to keep the soldiers in line. Death is no longer a matter of the body, it is a matter of paperwork.

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I realized that this book is where the term Catch-22 comes from. The term is used as a way to satirize the bureaucracy in the book for its redundency but it is also used as a name for a situation. The term is defined as "A requirement that cannot be met until a prerequisite requirement is met, however, the prerequisite cannot be obtained until the original requirement is met." In the book, they allude to the term many times, always giving a conveluded and paradoxical explanation for it. For instance, Doc Daneeka does not ground Yossarian on the basis that if an insane man asks to be grounded, he cannot be insane because only a sane man would not want to fly a bombing mission. For a while, the Catch-22 saying was used in the book to force the soldiers to do what the Generals ordered and to justify the army doing as they please.

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The character that changed the most from the start of the book to the end was Yossarian. At the start of the book, Yossarian had a view that death wasn't serious and would happen frequently. However, during one of his bombing runs, one of the soldiers on board gets hit and dies and talks to Yossarian as he dies. Yossarian relives this moment throughout the book many times and everytime with more and more detail. This caused Yossarian to act out in many unusual ways like walking around camp naked and showing up to his own medal ceremony without a uniform. Eventually after reliving this scene so many times, he realizes that it is with human spirit that the true value lies - without the spirit, the body decays. He begins to hold a higher regard for his fellow soldier's lives even when the Colonel keeps raising the required missions.