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One of the most highly prized woods in Brazil, the timber of the Brazilian rosewood has been harvested since colonial times to construct high quality furniture and musical instruments. The timber of this species is particularly precious as it is not only extremely strong, but also highly resistant to insect attack.

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http://www.arkive.org/eco-regions/atlantic-forest/

http://www.isfoundation.com/news/atlantic-forest-biodiversity-treasure

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The Atlantic Forest's first National Park in Brazil was created in 1937.  It is home to 360 bird species and 67 mammal species.

During the 70's, the Golden Lion Tamarin (an Atlantic Forest endemic species) was bordering on extinction, with only 200 animals left in the wild. Today, with the help of government and nonprofit programs, there are around 1000 animals.

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Major conservation initiatives for the Atlantic forest include the establishment of the ‘Atlantic Forest Biosphere Reserve’, which extends through 14 Brazilian states, as well as projects such as the Brazilian Natural World Heritage Sites Program and the Central Biodiversity Corridor.

A range of organisations are also working to protect and restore the forest, to expand protected areas, and to raise awareness through environmental education.

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The destruction of the Atlantic forest began centuries ago, when European settlers started clearing the forest for timber and cattle ranches, and to grow sugarcane, coffee and cocoa. More recently, land has been converted to soy cultivation and pine and eucalyptus plantations.

Firewood harvesting, illegal logging, road building, hunting, plant collection and the spread of invasive species are continuing problems, and the region’s river systems have been affected by pollution, drainage and dam construction.

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At the national level, the economy of Brazil and the general
human condition is improving rapidly.. An estimated 11.6% of Brazil’s population lives on $1 per day or less, while 26.5% survives on $2 per day or less.

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The maned three-toed sloth is one of the rarest of the six sloth species and is only found in Brazil. The name refers to its black mane of hairs, each up to 15 centimeters long, running down the back of its neck and over the shoulders .

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The Central Corridor, which covers approximately 12 million hectares across the state of Espírito Santo and southern Bahia, holds one of the world records for woody plant diversity with up to 458 tree species found in a single hectare of forest in southern Bahia.

The Serra do Mar Corridor, which includes 12.6 million hectares from Rio de Janeiro to Paraná, contains the largest remaining block of Atlantic Forest, formed by slopes and mountain tops typical of the Serra do Mar and Serra da Mantiqueira, and adjacent flat lowlands. ​

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This hotspot is located from northeastern Brazil to southeastern Paraguay.