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Gideon requested that the court appoint one for him. According to Florida state law, however, an attorney may only be appointed to an indigent defendant in capital cases, so the trial court did not appoint one. Gideon represented himself in trial. He was found guilty and sentenced to five years in prison. Gideon filed a habeas corpus petition in the Florida Supreme Court and argued that the trial court's decision violated his constitutional right to be represented by counsel. The Florida Supreme Court denied habeas corpus relief.

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They prayed in class and they got in trouble because it violates the free exercise clause.

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This 1896 U.S. Supreme Court case upheld the constitutionality of segregation under the “separate but equal” doctrine.

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Dollree Mapp was convicted of possessing obscene materials after an admittedly illegal police search of her home for a fugitive. She appealed her conviction on the basis of freedom of expression.

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Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, 347 U.S. 483, was a landmark United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.

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on the issue of abortion. It was decided simultaneously. The Court ruled 7–2 that a right to privacy under the Due Process Clause of the 14th Amendment extended to a woman's decision to have an abortion.

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the courts will uphold a law if it is rationally related to a legitimate government purpose.

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African American man in the United States who unsuccessfully sued for his freedom. Scott claimed that he and his wife should be granted their freedom because they had lived the Wisconsin Territory for four years, where slavery was illegal. The United States Supreme Court decided 7–2 against Scott, finding that neither he nor any other person of African ancestry could claim citizenship in the United States.

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Congress can not create a country wide religion.

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the police cant use evidence that was illegally obtained.

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speech directed at the overthrow of government.

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Actions that were meant to be taken as a message.

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making a false spoken statement

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no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction

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You can suspect some one of a crime due to their race or ethnicity

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Congress can't declare a religion for the United States.

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You can't be tried for the same crime twice

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Tax required in order to vote.

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Proper legal procedure

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a test of one's ability to read and write and was used to see if people could vote.

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Segregation laws for black people.

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granted citizenship to all people born or naturalized in the United States.

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prohibits the federal government from imposing excessive bail, excessive fines, or crule and unusual punishment.

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The right of a jury trial

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The right to a speedy and fair trial

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You can't be a witness against yourself in a trial.

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Freedom of speech, religion, press.

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No illegal searches and seizures

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requirement need to be met by the police have good reason to arrest someone, conduct a search and seize property relating to an alleged crime.

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The right to have guns