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1. Does the case of Oxana support Nature or Nurture? Give at least two examples to support your view.
The case of Oxana supports the view of nurture. Although Oxana was not necessarily nurtured in her environment, she was still a product of the animals she was surrounded by and the environment she grew in. Oxana observed her dog peers in the way they got around, and in turn she was mobile on all fours just like a dog. Also, she learned to eat like a dog with her tongue/mouth and not with her hands. It is not natural for humans to act that way, it is not in our genetics.

2. Which language theory is supported by this view: B.F. Skinner or Norm Chomsky? What items from this case support this theory?
B.F. Skinner.  Although her  "critcal period" was long passed, Oxana was able to learn to speak. She learned to associated different words with different meanings. She was reinforced by the people surrounding her, making sure she develops correctly.

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Adolescene Lasting Longer
1st marriages at average age
men: 31
women: 28 (earlys 30s cmmon)
ADULTHOOD
-physical changes peak in 20s-slow decline
-menopause
+time of natural cessation of menstruation
-slowed reactions
-women outlive men by 3 years world wide
-risk of dementia increases in later years
-cognition
+slowing of neural processes
-alzeihmers's
+progressive and irreveersible
-crystalized intelligence
+ones accumulated knowledge and verbal skills
+tends to increase with age
-Fluid Intelligence
+ones ability to reason speedily and abstractly
+tend to decrease during late adulthood
Five Stages of Grief (Kubler-Ross)
1. Denial
2. Anger
3. Bargaining
4. Depression
5. Acceptance

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G. Stanley Hall
-"storm and stress"
+conflict with parents
+mood disruptions
+risky behaviors
+not everyone goes through this
Margaret Mead
-"easy transition"
+not harsh and difficult but an easy move
Erikson
-identity vs role confusion
James Marcia (shown in picture)

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Harlow's study revealed young prefer nurture over needs
PARENTING
-Authoritarian: parents impose rules and expect obedience
-Permissive: submit to children's desires, make few demands, use little punishment
-Authoritative: both demanding and responsive, set rules but explain reasons and encourage open discussions
-Uninvolved/Detached: limited time/energy, attachement issues and delinquency
PARENTING STYLES (BAUMRIND)
-fostering independence
-balance independence and connectendness
Punishment
-immediate obedience
-adult  models aggression
-avoid adult
Adolescence Social Developmenet
-David Elking
+Imaginary Audience (everyone's looking at me)
+Personal Fable (I am invulnerable)

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Moral Development: Kohlberg
Postconventional Level: Morality of abstract principles to affirm agreed upon right and personal ethical principles
Conventional Level: Morality of law and social rules: to gain approval or avoid disapproval
Preconventional Level: Morality of self interest: to avoid punishment or gain concrete rewards
-as moral development progresses, the focus of concern moves from self to social world
Model of Moral Development of Women
Level 1: orientation of individual survival
-transition 1: from selfishness to responsiblity
Level 2: goodness

Infancy/Childhood: Socioculutral Development
Why do Children Play?
-self teaching by trial and error
-symbolic representation
Piaget says interaction with physical world
-overcome egocentrism
-learning through first hand experiences
Vygotsky says culture and educational
-delaying immediate gratification
-practice self regulation-learn to think about own world
Lev Vygotsky: soicial development theory
-social interaction+cognitive development
+learning -->development in enhanced with new tasks
-Scaffolding or Cognitive Apprenticeship Model
+Zone of Proximal Development help with others
Vygotsky's view of Language
-primary method of communication between adults and children
-powerful tool of intellectual adaptation
+private speech (talk to self) vs inner speech (in head)
-+thoughts  result of language
-Critical Periods: windows of oppurtunity for learning a language, as early as 6 years old
-Chomsky: Language Acquisition Device: born with interanl mechanism
-Whorf: Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis: language determines how we think
-Critical Period: shortly after birth when organim's exposure to certain stimuli or experiences prduces proper development
-Imprinting (Lorenz): process where certain animals form attachments during critical period of very early life
-Temperament: easy, difficult, or very slow to warm up child
PARENT CHILD RELATIONSHIPS
-secure vs insecure attachment
-anxious-resistant insecure attachment
+rage at mom when she returns
-avoidant insecure attachment
+may not notice when mother is gone

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1/25 I can apply Erikson theory to my reunion activity

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1/25 I can apply Erikson theory to my reunion activity

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Basic Trust (Erik Erikson)
-a sense that the world is predictable and trustworthy
-major task with each stage of life
-responsive caregivers
Self Concept
-a sense of one's identity and personal worth
8 Stages of Man
-psychosocial development
Erikson said that if you go through a stage on the right side, you went through a crisis
-Infancy (1st year): TRUST VS MISTRUST-if needs are dependably met, infants develop a sense of basic trust
-Toddler (1-3):AUTONOMY VS SHAME AND DOUBT-toddlers learn to exercise will and do things for themselves or they doubt their abilities
-Preschooler (3-5):INITIATIVE VS GUILT-preschoolers learn to initiate tasks and carry out plans, or they feel guilty about efforts to be independent
-Elementary (6-puberty):COMPETENCE VS INFERIORITY-children learn the pleasure of applying themselves to tasks, or they feel inferior
-Adolescence (teens-20s):IDENTITY VS ROLE CONFUSION-teenagers work at refining a sense of self by testing roles and integrating them to form a single identity, or they become confused about who they are
-Young Adult (20s-early 40s):INTIMACY VS ISOLATION-young adults struggle to form close relationships and to gain the capacity for intimate love, or they feel socially isolated
-Middle Adult (40s-60s): GENERATIVITY VS STAGNATION: the middle aged discover a sense of contributing to the world, usually through family and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose
-Late Adult (60s and up): INTEGRITY VS DESPAIR: when reflecting on his or her life, the older adult may feel a sense of satisfaction or failure

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Object Permanence
-awareness that things continue to exist even when not visible
Baby Mathematics
-shown a numerically impossible outcome
Egocentrism
-inability of presoperational child to take other's point of view
Theory of Mind
-ideas about won and other's mental states-feelings
Conservation
-

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1/23 I can understand developmental research designs

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1/23 I can understand developmental research designs

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-laugh: 2 months
-pedal tricycle: 24 months
-sit without support: 5-6 months
1A: 90  1B: 2
2A: 75  2B: 40
3A: 8 3B:
4A: 13  4B: 40
5A: 15 5B
6A: 11 6B: 65
7A: 50  7B: 16

Cross Sectional Research: research done on many subjects of different ages at the same time
-pros: inexpensive, take little time to complete, avids high attrition rate
-cons: diff age groups are not necessarily alike, not all same maturational level
Longitudinal Research: research done on one group of subjects over many years
-pros: detailed, studies developmental changes in depth
-cons: subjects drop out
Newborn Reflexes: rooting, swallowing, sucking, babinski, stepping, Moro-"startle," grasping
-prefer things that look like faces
Infacy+Childhood: Cognitive Development
-cogntionL all mental activities associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating
-Schema: concept or framework that organizes and intereprets info
Piaget: mental functioning depends on 2 biological processes
-assimilation: interpreting one's new experience in terms of ones existing schemas (cowboy boots)
-accomodation: adapting one's current understandings (schemas) to incorporate new info