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1-The British Empire
2-The Industrial Revolution
3-Charles Dickens-Oliver Twist
4-Daily life of the Victorians
5-Famous Victorians: Lewis Carroll
6-Education and child labour
7-Famous Victorians: James Straley...
8-The Great Exhibition of 1851
9-Methodology: how to write a press article.
10-Random resources
11-tests

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Compétences linguistiques(a)

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Compétences linguistiques(b)

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Compétences communiaction(a)

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Compétences communication (b)

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The British Empire was a great power. It contained territories owned by the United Kingdom. The empire was the largest empire in history. At its peak, it controlled 23% of the world's surface. More than 458 million people were brought under the control of the British Empire. It was known as the largest colonial empire in history. (Some people think the Mongol Empire was larger). Today, most of its members are in the Commonwealth of Nations. The most famous part of the British Empire was the East India Trading Company. That company started as a small business before becoming a very large trading company which many people depended on. Britain was the most powerful country in the world at this time.

England then began its way to an ultimate global empire. In the 17th century, it started making colonies in North America and India. This lead to conflicts and total victory over Netherlands and France, its rivals after Spain's defeat. After the Anglo-Dutch War and Seven Years' War, Britain occupied almost all the Dutch and French territories in the New World and Asia. Although the American colonies gained independence in 1776, it didn't seem to influence the empire. By 1919, after Britain's victory in World War I, it came to its most prosperous period. People in the 19th century said that "the sun never sets on the British Empire". But after World War II, Britain's global empire collapsed.

The British Empire was seen as a "role model" for other nations, most notably Germany. Germany had a bad habit of starting wars in Europe. That was partly because they wanted an Empire like the one that Britain had established.

After World War II, Britain started to give back the colonies, known as decolonization. Britain decided to give back nations because World War II left the British Empire essentially bankrupt. Also, many of the persons the Empire had ruled over wanted to be in charge of their own country.

One of the last parts of the British Empire was Hong Kong. Hong Kong was given back to China in 1997. Britain retained its title as a 'Superpower' in 1982 with the Falklands War, a war against Argentina over the possession of the Falkland Islands.

Fourteen locations outside the British Isles are still under Britain's jurisdiction. In 2002 these 14 locations were named the British Overseas Territories.

The British started an Empire because they were fearful of other countries like Spain and Portugal who started an Empire before.

They conquered countries to take their land and any valuable goods they owned. They stole gold from the East Coast of America, tea and biscuits from India and sugar from the Caribbean. Plus from some countries the British took their people and used them as slaves. By every minute the British were becoming wealthier and more fearsome.

They moved to America because they wanted a much better life and to get time to worship their God more because in Britain, they have a lot of rules. Also they went to America because they had a lot of land to farm their crops.

In 1686 the empire shipped goods worth £1,000,000 to London, this included things such as slaves, tobacco, rice, sugar, textiles and tea.

After World War II Britain could no longer afford the expense of administering one quarter of the world’s population.

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The Industrial Revolution was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and homes to large factories. This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved from rural areas to big cities in order to work. It also introduced new technologies, new types of transportation, and a different way of life for many.

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s. Many of the first innovations that enabled the Industrial Revolution began in the textile industry. Making cloth moved from homes to large factories. Britain also had plenty of coal and iron which was important to power and make machines for the factories.

How long did it last?
The Industrial Revolution lasted for over 100 years. After beginning in Britain in the late 1700s it spread to Europe and the United States. The Industrial Revolution can be divided into two phases:

First Industrial Revolution - The first wave of the Industrial Revolution lasted from the late 1700s to the mid-1800s. It industrialized the manufacture of textiles and began the move of production from homes to factories. Steam power and the cotton gin played an important role in this period.

Second Industrial Revolution - The next wave took place from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s. During this phase large factories and companies began to use more technologies to mass produce goods. Important innovations during this period include the use of electricity, the production line, and the Bessemer steel process.

When did it start in the United States?

The early part of the Industrial Revolution in the United States took place in the northeast in the New England region. Many historians place the start of the Industrial Revolution with the opening of Slater's Mill in 1793 in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Samuel Slater had learned about textile mills growing up in England and brought his knowledge to the United States. By the end of the 1800s, the United States had become the most industrialized nation in the world.

Cultural Changes
The Industrial Revolution brought about many cultural changes. Before the revolution, most people lived in the country and worked on farms. During the revolution, people moved to the cities to work in factories. Cities grew and became overcrowded, unsanitary, and polluted. In many cities, poor workers lived in crowded and unsafe buildings. This was a dramatic shift in the way of life for the average person.

Transportation

Transportation changed dramatically throughout the Industrial Revolution. Where before people traveled by horse, walking, or boat; new ways of travel were introduced including railroads, steam boats, and automobiles. This changed the way people and products were able to travel around the country and the world.

Working Conditions

One drawback of the Industrial Revolution was poor working conditions for people in factories. There were few laws to protect workers at the time and working conditions were often dangerous. People often had to work long hours and child labor was a common practice. By the end of the 1900s, labor unions and new laws began to create a safer working environment.

Interesting Facts About the Industrial Revolution

Many early factories were powered by water so they had to be by a river that could turn the waterwheel.

A group of weavers in Britian who lost their jobs to large factories began to fight back by rioting and destroying machinery. They became known as Luddites after one of their leaders Ned Ludd.

Printers were able to use steam power to print newspapers and books cheaply. This helped more people get the news and learn how to read.

Some of the most important American inventions during the Industrial Revolution included the telegraph, the sewing machine, telephone, cotton gin, the practical light bulb, and vulcanized rubber.

Manchester, England was the center of the textile industry during the Industrial Revolution. It earned the nickname "Cottonopolis."

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INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION | Educational Video for Kids.

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The layout of a press article

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About Victorian times

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Loads of information on Victorian Life for kids

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KS2 History learning resources for adults, children, parents and teachers organised by topic.

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How to write an article

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The Victorian Age

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Victorian Britain

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Who was King or Queen before Victoria?

The Victorians lived over one hundred and fifty years ago during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837 to 1901).

What does Victorian times mean?

Victorian times means during Victoria's rule. The time Queen Victoria was on the throne. She ruled for 64 years.

What was it like living in the Victorian times?

There was no electricity, instead gas lamps or candles were used for light.

There were no cars. People either walked, travelled by boat or train or used coach horses to move from place to place.
Why are the Victorians so famous?
Britain managed to build a huge empire during the Victorian period. It was also a time of tremendous change in the lives of British people. In 1837 most people lived in villages and worked on the land; by 1901, most lived in towns and worked in offices, shops and factories.

During Queen Victoria's reign:

Britain became the most powerful and richest country in the world, with the largest empire that had ever existed, ruling a quarter of the world's population.

Towns and cities got piped water, gas and, by the end of the century, electricity

The number of people living in Britain more than doubled from 16 million to 37 million, causing a huge demand for food, clothes and housing.

Factories and machines were built to meet this demand and new towns grew up, changing the landscape and the ways people lived and worked.

Railways, originally built to transport goods, meant people could travel easily around the country for the first time. Railways brought new foods to towns and cities.

Soldiers were at war all over the world especially in 1850 - 1880.

Many households had a servant or servants - in 1891, 2 million servants were recorded in the census

Seaside holidays were 'invented' (became popular).

Police Force 'invented'.

At the beginning of the Victorian period crossing the Atlantic took up to eight weeks. By 1901 it took about a week.

New cookers and gadgets for the home were invented.

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Victorians Homework for kids - Woodlands

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Who was King or Queen before Victoria? The Victorians lived over one hundred and fifty years ago during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837 to 1901). What does Victorian times mean? Victorian times means during Victoria's rule. The time Queen Victoria was on the throne. She ruled for 64 years.

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4-What was it like living in the Victorian times?

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4-What was it like living in the Victorian times?

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There was no electricity, instead gas lamps or candles were used for light.

There were no cars. People either walked, travelled by boat or train or used coach horses to move from place to place.

# data[].attributes.body
Britain managed to build a huge empire during the Victorian period. It was also a time of tremendous change in the lives of British people. In 1837 most people lived in villages and worked on the land; by 1901, most lived in towns and worked in offices, shops and factories.

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3-1838/1839 – Photography – Louis Daguerre (France) and William Henry Fox-Talbot (UK)

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3-1838/1839 – Photography – Louis Daguerre (France) and William Henry Fox-Talbot (UK)

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1839 – Steamboats — Isambard Kingdom Brunel

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1839 – Steamboats — Isambard Kingdom Brunel

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The Industrial Revolution was a time when the manufacturing of goods moved from small shops and homes to large factories. This shift brought about changes in culture as people moved from rural areas to big cities in order to work. It also introduced new technologies, new types of transportation, and a different way of life for many.

Where did the Industrial Revolution begin?

The Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain in the late 1700s. Many of the first innovations that enabled the Industrial Revolution began in the textile industry. Making cloth moved from homes to large factories. Britain also had plenty of coal and iron which was important to power and make machines for the factories.

How long did it last?
The Industrial Revolution lasted for over 100 years. After beginning in Britain in the late 1700s it spread to Europe and the United States. The Industrial Revolution can be divided into two phases:

First Industrial Revolution - The first wave of the Industrial Revolution lasted from the late 1700s to the mid-1800s. It industrialized the manufacture of textiles and began the move of production from homes to factories. Steam power and the cotton gin played an important role in this period.

Second Industrial Revolution - The next wave took place from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s. During this phase large factories and companies began to use more technologies to mass produce goods. Important innovations during this period include the use of electricity, the production line, and the Bessemer steel process.

When did it start in the United States?

The early part of the Industrial Revolution in the United States took place in the northeast in the New England region. Many historians place the start of the Industrial Revolution with the opening of Slater's Mill in 1793 in Pawtucket, Rhode Island. Samuel Slater had learned about textile mills growing up in England and brought his knowledge to the United States. By the end of the 1800s, the United States had become the most industrialized nation in the world.

Cultural Changes
The Industrial Revolution brought about many cultural changes. Before the revolution, most people lived in the country and worked on farms. During the revolution, people moved to the cities to work in factories. Cities grew and became overcrowded, unsanitary, and polluted. In many cities, poor workers lived in crowded and unsafe buildings. This was a dramatic shift in the way of life for the average person.

Transportation

Transportation changed dramatically throughout the Industrial Revolution. Where before people traveled by horse, walking, or boat; new ways of travel were introduced including railroads, steam boats, and automobiles. This changed the way people and products were able to travel around the country and the world.

Working Conditions

One drawback of the Industrial Revolution was poor working conditions for people in factories. There were few laws to protect workers at the time and working conditions were often dangerous. People often had to work long hours and child labor was a common practice. By the end of the 1900s, labor unions and new laws began to create a safer working environment.

Interesting Facts About the Industrial Revolution

Many early factories were powered by water so they had to be by a river that could turn the waterwheel.

A group of weavers in Britian who lost their jobs to large factories began to fight back by rioting and destroying machinery. They became known as Luddites after one of their leaders Ned Ludd.

Printers were able to use steam power to print newspapers and books cheaply. This helped more people get the news and learn how to read.

Some of the most important American inventions during the Industrial Revolution included the telegraph, the sewing machine, telephone, cotton gin, the practical light bulb, and vulcanized rubber.

Manchester, England was the center of the textile industry during the Industrial Revolution. It earned the nickname "Cottonopolis."

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Answer these questions to test your knowledge of the Victorian Age

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Oliver Twist

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Latest news, business, sport, comment, lifestyle and culture from the Daily Telegraph and Sunday Telegraph newspapers and video from Telegraph TV.

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Alice in Wonderland

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Victorian Literature and Culture | Literature | MIT OpenCourseWare

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Course Description The course covers British literature and culture during Queen Victoria's long reign, 1837-1901. This was the brilliant age of Charles Dickens, the Brontës, Lewis Carroll, George Eliot, Robert Browning, Oscar Wilde, Arthur Conan Doyle, Rudyard Kipling, Alfred, Lord Tennyson - and many others.

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The industrial revolution | World Ahoy 1x18

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The Victorians lived over one hundred and fifty years ago during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837 to 1901). It was a long period of peace, prosperity, refined sensibilities and national self-confidence for Britain.
Victoria was Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901) and empress of India (1876-1901). Her reign was the longest of any monarch in British history and came to be known as the Victorian era.
Did you know Queen Victoria was 5 foot (1.52 m) tall.

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Britain became the most powerful and richest country in the world, with the largest empire that had ever existed, ruling a quarter of the world's population.

Towns and cities got piped water, gas and, by the end of the century, electricity

The number of people living in Britain more than doubled from 16 million to 37 million, causing a huge demand for food, clothes and housing.

Factories and machines were built to meet this demand and new towns grew up, changing the landscape and the ways people lived and worked.

Railways, originally built to transport goods, meant people could travel easily around the country for the first time. Railways brought new foods to towns and cities.

Many households had a servant or servants – in 1891, 2 million servants were recorded in the census

Seaside holidays were 'invented' (became popular).

Police Force 'invented'.

At the beginning of the Victorian period crossing the Atlantic took up to eight weeks. By 1901 it took about a week.

New cookers and gadgets for the home were invented.

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Most people, including children worked a 12 hour day. They had mid-day break for one hour and short breaks for breakfast and tea.

Working conditions Many factory owners put profit above the health and safety of their workers. Children and young women were employed in terrible conditions in textile mills and mines. Furnaces were operated without proper safety checks. Workers in factories and mills were deafened by steam hammers and machinery. hours were long and there were no holidays.

Children worked in factories

How did factory conditions change in the 1840's
1833 Factory Act,

Children banned from working in textile factories under the age of nine.

9 - 13 year olds limited to 9 hours a day and 48 hours a week.

13 - 18 year olds limited to 12 hours a day and 69 hours a week.

All children under eleven to have two hours education a day.

Government Factory Inspectors appointed to enforce the law.

1842 Mines and Collieries Act

All women and children under 10 were banned from working underground.

No one under 15 years was to work winding gear in mines.

1844 Factory Act:

Minimum age for working in factories reduced to 8 years old.

8 to 13 old to work a maximum of six and a half hours on weekdays and only six hours on Saturday

13 to 18 year olds to work a maximum of 12 hours a day and the same applied to women.

Safety guards had to be fitted to all machines.

Three hours education a day for children.

1847 Fielder's Factory Act:  10 hour day introduced for under 18's and for women.
1864 Factory Act, this extended the regulations to factories other than textiles and coalmines.
1867 Factory Act, the legislation was extended to all workshops with more than 50 workers.