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Health: all causes of death for eg.
Economic and Societal: As Dr. Ganpat said obesity is draining financial resources.

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Obesity happens one pound at a time and so does prevention....

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Obesity happens one pound at a time and so does prevention....

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U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

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Obesity happens one pound at a time. So does prevention.

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This public service announcement illustrates that even a few extra pounds can affect your health and life more than you may think. Average people in a park -- not actors - are asked to carry a 10-pound sandbag, and report how the added weight affects them and their ability to carry out normal, everyday activities.

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Another culture promotion of an unhealthy lifestyle

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Music video by Mr. Killa performing Rolly Polly.

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Saartjie Baartman was the most well known of at least two Khoikhoi women who, due to their large buttocks, were exhibited as freak show attraction in 19th-century Europe under the name Hottentot Venus—"Hottentot" was the then current name for the Khoi people, now considered an offensive term and "Venus" referred to the Roman goddess of love. Hottentot Venus

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Can be but not limited to a people with the same/ similar:

Purpose: We have a shared goal or interest.

Identity: We know who’s who.

Reputation: We recognize and build status based on our actions.

Governance: We agree that our behavior can be regulated according to shared or stated values.

Language/ Communication: We have ways to share information and ideas.

Groups: We can relate to each other in smaller numbers.

Environment: We interact in a shared space that is appropriate to our goals.

Boundaries: We know who belongs and who doesn’t.

Trust: We know with whom we’re dealing and that it’s safe to do so.

Commerce: We can trade knowledge, support, goods, services, and ideas.  Expression: We have a group identity and know what other members are doing. We can easily indicate our preferences and opinions.

History: We can look back over our history and track our evolution.

Religion: Worship the same God

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This system existed until the 19th century.

By the late 18th and early 19th century, slavery had been abolished throughout much of Europe; it was declared illegal in Britain in 1807, and outlawed in 1833. Most South American states abolished it soon after gaining independence.

In the USA, slavery was one cause of the civil war, and was formally ended when the aims of the emancipation proclamation (1863) were incorporated in the 13th Amendment to the US Constitution (1865).

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Chronic food shortage and malnutrition have been the scourge of humankind from the dawn of history.

The current Caribbean epidemic of obesity, now recognized as a public health crisis, is barely a few decades old. Only after the technological advances of the eighteenth century did a gradual increase in food supply became available.

The initial effect of these advances in improved public health and amount, quality, and variety of food was increased longevity and body size. These early favorable outcomes of technological advances notwithstanding, their incremental effect since the Second World War has been an overabundance of easily accessible food, coupled with reduced physical activity, that accounts for the recent increased prevalence of obesity.

Obesity as a chronic disease with well defined pathologic consequences is less than a century old.

The scarcity of food throughout the 16th to 18th century led to connotations that being fat was good, and that corpulence and increased flesh were desirable as reflected in the arts, literature, and medical opinion of the times. Only in the latter half of the nineteenth century did being fat begin to be stigmatized for aesthetic reasons, and in the twentieth century, its association with increased mortality was recognized. Whereas early reports listed obesity as a risk factor for mortality from chronic nephritis, the subsequent recognition of the more common association of obesity with diabetes, hypertension, and heart disease altered the listings and questioned its being a risk factor for kidney disease.

An enlarging body of evidence, accrued over the past decade, now indicates a direct association of obesity with chronic kidney disease and its outcomes

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Unhealthy eating habits have contributed to the obesity epidemic in the Caribbean as you have see in the above slide.

Even for people at a healthy weight, a poor diet is associated with major health risks that can cause illness and even death. These include heart disease, hypertension (high blood pressure), type 2 diabetes, osteoporosis, and certain types of cancer. By making smart food choices, you can help protect yourself from these health problems.

The risk factors for adult chronic diseases, like hypertension and type 2 diabetes, are increasingly seen in younger ages, often a result of unhealthy eating habits and increased weight gain. Dietary habits established in childhood often carry into adulthood, so teaching children how to eat healthy at a young age will help them stay healthy throughout their life.

The link between good nutrition and healthy weight, reduced chronic disease risk, and overall health is too important to ignore. By taking steps to eat healthy, you'll be on your way to getting the nutrients your body needs to stay healthy, active, and strong. As with physical activity, making small changes in your diet can go a long way, and it's easier than you think!

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Wages were as low as twenty five (25) cents per day – this was hardly paid because there were deductions for food rations

A daily wage could be as low as six (6) penny in some territories.

Indentured laborers were prohibited from leaving the plantations unless they carried an official pass. Even "free" Indians who had completed their term of "industrial residence" had to carry a "free paper," to prove they were indeed "free."

Living conditions were wretched and similar to those under slavery and little was done to improve their circumstances or integrate them into the wider society by way of education or other institutional mechanisms since they were perceived as sojourners. Accommodation took the form of barracks 12 feet by 9 feet.

There was little privacy.

Water supply in adequate

Diseases such as yaws, malaria and hook worm prevalent

Little medical facilities

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The objectives of this experiment were to populate the newly acquired British colony (Trinidad), and more importantly, find a new labor source to replace the African slaves who would no longer be available once slavery and the slave trade were abolished.

Upon arrival, the majority of the immigrants were sent to the sugar plantations.

The rest were sent to Cocorite where they lived as a community of artisans and peasant farmers.

Living conditions there were awful.

Very few of the immigrants stayed on the estates for long.

Many of those who decided to stay in Trinidad became butchers, shopkeepers, carpenters and market gardeners.

The rest returned to China on the Fortitude. Of the 192 immigrants only 23 opted to stay in Trinidad.

The experiment was a failure and was never repeated.

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Campbell, John F. Beyond Massa Sugar Management in the British Caribbean, 1770-1834. Calaloux Publication, 2012.

Campbell, John F. Lecture slides and Plenaries.

http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?cx=014283770845240200164%3Aprvkaxcnku0&q=obesity+statistics+of+the+caribbean&searchword=obesity+statistics+of+the+caribbean&sa=Search...&cof=FORID%3A0&searchphrase=all&scope=1&option=com_search&Itemid=40145&ie=utf8&site=who&client=amro_en&proxystylesheet=amro_en&output=xml_no_dtd&oe=utf8&getfields=doctype&ai=41037&siteurl=www.paho.org%2Fhq%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D1357%253A2009-welcome-paho-s-career-opportunities%26catid%3D1310%253Apaho-vacancies-homepage%26Itemid%3D1213%26lang%3Den&ref=www.google.tt%2F&ss=10921j9264155j37#gsc.tab=0&gsc.q=obesity%20statistics%20of%20the%20caribbean&gsc.page=1

https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/health-topics/topics/obe/prevention

http://civilwartalk.com/threads/slave-diet-and-nutrition.5626/

https://www.fitness.gov/eat-healthy/why-is-it-important/

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Consuming everything under ideal conditions...

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Under very inhumane circumstances food was consumed.

Slaves’ protein intake was probably just barely adequate. High quality protein from lean meat was scant. Lower quality protein came from combining the amino acids present in fatty pork, corn and cow peas.

Vitamin A intake varied, depending on the type of corn and sweet potatoes eaten. Yellow corn and deep orange sweet potatoes provide much more than white corn and pale sweet potatoes.

Vitamin C requirements were met only seasonally when slaves could eat fresh vegetables and fresh cow peas that weren’t overly cooked. It would seem that most slaves were somewhat vitamin C deficient for much of the year.

The B vitamins thiamine, riboflavin and niacin, especially the last two, were generally lacking.

Vitamin D, synthesized in the human body, was endangered because dark skin pigmentation lessens this ability. Vitamin D is tied in with intestinal absorption of calcium. Slaves would have had very little dietary calcium because they didn’t consume dairy products, didn’t like greens, and the fatty acids flowing from fat pork also interfered with the bodily absorption of calcium and High-quality protein content was not an outstanding feature of the slave regimen…finally, the two remaining factors that could have enhanced the absorption of calcium are lactose and vitamin D…but as already noted pigment that was kindly to blacks in their West African homeland militated against an adequate year-round supply of this vitamin in temperate North America. Thus, even if one’s calcium intake is adequate…it will be very poorly absorbed if one’s vitamin D levels are inadequate.

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What does it mean to dehumanize a human being? To ponder this question is to approach some definition of slavery, one of the most extreme forms of dehumanization. We know enough about life in the 17th to 18th century that slaves resisted dehumanization. They created a folk culture, a family structure, and a spiritual life that blunted the dehumanizing force of slavery.

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Slave rations almost universally included at least 3 pounds of fatty pork per week. Slaveowners promoted the idea that fatty pork was the best food for slaves because it was heat-producing. This three pound quantity is generally accepted as factual by the majority of historians and researchers.

Beef was eaten rarely. This is because beef does not preserve well by pickling, drying or being smoked like pork. Beef was usually eaten in cold weather as a holiday treat, when it could be immediately consumed. If slaves were to be fed beef consistently instead of pork, they would likely revolt. Cattle were allowed to run semi-wild and were kept mostly for their manure production. The goal was to restrict them to fallow fields. “When the cattle became too numerous, their superior traveling powers (over swine) made it relatively easy for them to be driven to towns and cities. There fresh beef could be marketed quickly thus avoiding the problems of beef’s inferior preserving qualities and the absence of a packing industry in the South.”

There was low milk production in the South. At least 70% of adult black slaves were lactose intolerant and in some places, 100% were. Dairy consumption was mainly by white people and black children.

Cowpeas (which include black eyed peas, field peas, crowder peas and more) and sweet potatoes were considered more as animal fodder although they were occasionally eaten by slaves.

Rations usually included 1 peck of cornmeal per week (a peck is a dry measure of ¼ bushel or approximately ½ gallon).

Slaves didn’t eat much wheat. White people ate the little that was grown. Biscuits were a holiday treat for slaves.

Slaves didn’t generally like green vegetables. If slaves did eat greens, they generally overcooked them to the point of losing most of the valuable nutrients.

Plantation owners frequently believed fruit was a source of slave disease.

Slaves grew gardens on their own time mainly for things to sell.

Some slaves were given molasses in the belief it was healthy for them.

Some slaves ate game and fish.

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Our nutrition was poor.
Slave drivers did not care to take care of their human investments.
There was no opportunity for extra pounds far less an obesity notion.

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As India is a large country there is a mixture of different food traditions.
Tandoori oven baked food, Kadhai, Curry and various spices

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Consumption of maize and soured milk was a delicacy.
Until the Colonists came and introduced Meat into their diets.
They now only consume pastoral meat and not wild animals.

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Vegetables? Proteins? Fats? Carbohydrates?

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Post Slavery Colonists invested in indentured laborers....

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Post Slavery Colonists invested in indentured laborers....

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Initially Portuguese, Chinese who proved not suitable for the hard labor required in the cane fields.
Indians however

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The enslaved before leaving the mother Land, Africa, they were:                                            Bartered by their African Chiefs.
Not clear chattel slavery is what they signed uo for as they were accustomed to domestic slavery, which was not degrading.
Economic advancement was their main aim

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India, Asia, Portugal, China....

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Slave women were forced to comply with sexual advances by their masters on a very regular basis. Consequences of resistance often came in the form of physical beatings; thus, an enormous number of slaves became concubines for these men.
Most often the masters were already bound in matrimony, which caused tension and hatred between the slave and the mistress of the house. Many "mulatto" or racially mixed children also resulted from these relations.
Femme fatales also resulted so to acquire social benefits

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Was a social system in which people were the property of their owner, and were compelled to work without pay. Hence, sparrow's yearning ah wonna be free....
A highly organized and profitable Atlantic triangular slave trade. Where ships sailed from ports such as Liverpool with guns and other goods that were exchanged for enslaves in states on West African coasts.

These enslaves were sold in markets in the Caribbean etc. to work on estates / plantation fields.

On the return journey, the ships carried colonial produce from the Caribbean to Europe. An estimated 15 million Africans were sold into slavery. Millions more died on the voyage across the Atlantic.

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Enslaves were family oriented they got married and formed families, their families however, were not legally sanctioned and were therefore liable to be torn apart at the will of the master.

Put differently, the enslave family had no social standing. From youth to old age, from sunup to sundown, enslaves spent the bulk of their waking lives at work, for slavery in the Caribbean, was nothing if not a system of labor exploitation.

Yet the slaves had no right whatsoever to claim the fruits of their labor. This was social death.

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Worked tedious to achieve our goals

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In order to eat, extensive hunting took place, which in-turn kept us at a healthy weight.

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This was an established hierarchy of responsibility...
The Dr. his immediate assistants (nurses), the patient, structured/ organised procedures prior and subsequent to surgery etc...

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Another tenet of what is considered civilized.

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Historical tenet of civilization, social facility.

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African witch doctor who made a brain surgery with

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African witch doctor who is brain surgery without anesthesia! AMAZING IMAGES

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Of Course we were/ are if being civilized meant behaving non barbaric like

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Of Course we were/ are if being civilized meant behaving non barbaric like

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Thinking about civilization critically Dr. Campbell explained that a solid working definition of civilization is difficult and depends upon your own judgment. However a civilization is:
derived from the Latin word civilis, which means civil. Other related Latin words are civis, meaning citizen, and civitas, meaning city. Over the years it has been used to indicate various meanings. In the 7th century, Emperor Justinian consolidated Roman civil law into the Corpus Juris Civilis. After this collection was discovered in the 11th century at the University of Bologna, the word civil began to be used more often.

In the 18th century, the word was used to distinguish behavior. Behaving as a civil person was the opposite as behaving as a barbarian. Later on, during the time of the French Revolution (late 1700s to early 1800s), the word referred to humanity in its entirety rather than just a specific group of people. As more modern times approached, the word was sometimes used interchangeably with the word 'culture.'

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When the conquistadors ﬁrst set foot in the Caribbean, the region had at least 2,000 indigenous languages and people such as the Neo-Indians.
Looking for better social and economic prowess the NeoIndians left South America

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Demographic Diversity:

The NeoIndians (Kalianago, Ciboney, Taino...)

The interlopers (Spanish, French, British, English, Dutch...)

The bonded workers (English, Irish, Scottish)

The kidnapped enslaved people (West Africans)

The Indentures ( Chinese, Portuguese, Indians....)

The 20th Century migrants

Linguistic Diversity:

English

French

Spanish

Creoles

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Colonialists who remained the their colony and influenced its evolution.
As compared to absentee estate owners who chose to stay in Europe and display their wealth

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Caribbean first colonialists Spaniards.

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The first attempt at Chinese immigration was an experiment intended to set up a settlement of peasant farmers and laborers.

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In 1837 John Gladstone applied to the secretary of state to the colonies for permission to import Indian labor.

John Gladstone, bluntly, stated the planter’s intentions in a letter to a Calcutta shipping agency in 1836:

“It is of great importance to us to endeavor to provide a portion of other laborers, whom we might use . . .to make us, as far as it is possible, independent of our negro population; and it has occurred to us that a moderate number of Bengalese . . . might be very suitable for our purpose.”
He was therefore, successful and contracted thousands of Indians to work for 5 years indentured and another 5 voluntarily to acquire freedom.

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Making their way through the middle passage to the Caribbean.
Extreme overcrowding.

Deplorable conditions on the vessel, causing many to die, however they were the most profitable laborers until it ended in 1838.

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Who are we? What our diversity is made up off?

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Who are we? What our diversity is made up off?

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What are some solutions to obesogenic trends?

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What are some solutions to obesogenic trends?

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Healthy food choices? Physical activity? education?

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Why is healthy lifestyles imperative in the Caribbean?

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Why is healthy lifestyles imperative in the Caribbean?

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Yes? No?

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Is health a major issue in the Caribbean?

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Is health a major issue in the Caribbean?

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Yes? No?

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How did chattel slavery influence obesity?

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How did chattel slavery influence obesity?

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Yes? No?

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Food quality? Food availability? Fattening rooms?

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Food quality? Food availability? Slavery? Slavery's abolition? Developed countries Influence?

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How did we eat pre, pro, during slavery?

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How did we eat pre, pro, during slavery?

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Healthy? Unhealthy? Humane? Inhumane?

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Hunt? Exist? Experiment? Love? Submit to oppressors?

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Africa? India? Asia? Europe?

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Slavery? Economic gain? Better living? Romance?

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Caribbean people? African people? Indian people? Asian people? NeoIndians?

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Defining Caribbean Civilization re: Obesity

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Defining Caribbean Civilization re: Obesity

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Any critical and reflective view of Caribbean obesity must take into account the complex and traumatic experience of slavery and post colonial need for social stability and economic development.
Before the chattel experience Caribbean people were very active eg: hunters that could not afford not didn't have room for overweight and or obesity.
Globalization however, as mentioned earlier and varying policies of health care practices often dictated by capitalists influenced how individuals and communities understood and dealt with their health.

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Consequences of some good rum, soca and unhealthy choices...

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Consequences of some good rum, soca and unhealthy choices...

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Obesity. A major issue among especially the English speaking Caribbean. Aside from what Professor Ganpat said note the following:

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Traditionally, Obesity was a sign of good health in some cultures of Africa. This was extended to the Caribbean by default post slalvery.

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Traditionally, Obesity was a sign of good health in some cultures of Africa. This was extended to the Caribbean by default post slalvery.

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The notion of obesity as a sign of good health of course is not that surprising, especially in countries where malnutrition, infectious diseases, gut parasites, and other wasting conditions, are endemic. Being skinny is a sure sign of sickness and weight loss is most alarming.
There still exist a practice in African called fattening rooms, where brides to be would be sequestered and overfed in order to be their best weight on their wedding day. The exact opposite of Western societies, where brides wanting to lose weight provide healthy profits for the weight loss industry.

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Walk up to the young, Westernised bachelor in any of Nigeria's big cities and ask him if bigger is better in choice of a bride. You'll most probably get that quizzical stare and a coy smile that give you the sneaky feeling that your question is - well - silly (Hellooo! At least, you do sometimes watch beauty pageants, don't you?). So, very likely your poll result would be: the modern African bride must be slim, curvy, and graceful; very much like an Agbani Darego, Oluchi Orlandi, Genevive Nnaji or a Tiwa Savage.

But all that runs against the grain in the Efik tradition. Here, the pride of the groom is an obese bride just emerging from a fattening room; where she is subjected to an incredible six months session of no-work-and-all-food-and-sleep! So is bigger the better, according to this curious African marriage rite?

Among the Efik, domiciled in large parts of Akwa Ibom and Cross River States, beauty is not always in the eyes of the beholder; but as defined by the fattening room marriage rites of the people.

In this culture, the men are conditioned to have a preference for round, fat, overweight women which in their eyes is the epitome of beauty and symbol of desire, prosperity, wealth, homeliness, motherliness and virtue. Sometime easier pregnancy and fertility are associated with obese women, making the fattening room culture an important aspect of Efik culture and tradition.
Big is Beautiful

In contrast, slim women are seen as unhealthy, unfed and likely to have difficulty bearing children; and men who prefer them looked down on as tasteless, poor, too Westernised and, ultimately, un-African.

Although as a result of modernity as well as the well-known health problems connected to obesity, the cultural practice of fattening room is not as rampant in that part of Nigeria as before, some African societies still view being fat as a symbol of status and power. In fact, some rich grooms or families pay for special "fattening rooms" for their bride to put on extra weight.

Ethnic interpretations of what constitutes beauty in a woman aside, medical experts often warn that obesity comes with many negative attributes which are all health related like coronary heart disease, blocking and narrowing the arteries, high blood pressure, Type 2 diabetes, abnormal blood fat, metabolic problems and even early death through stroke.

But like all entrenched cultural practices, the Efik have their own compelling arguments why the curious marriage rites of the fattening room is a very important traditional and cultural event that symbolises wealth, prosperity, good fortune and beauty by the bride to her husband.
'All Play and No Work'
The bride is subjected to seclusion for a long period - ranging from three months, six months to an entire year - and fed a large quantity of rich fatty food daily and allowed lots of sleep so she can gain excess weight and become obese. After the rites, your bride of just about 60kg will be well over twice that.

The foods the woman is forced to consume in large qualities, even when she has no appetite, are usually rich native delicacies loaded with calories like Ekpan Koko, Edika Ikong, Afang generously filled with snail, bush meat and fish, as well as meals consisting yam, rice, beans, cassava, and wheat.

The woman's entry into and eventual emergence from the fattening room is characterised by funfair celebrations and excitement. She is attired in traditional outfits, beautified in finery, colourful materials, beads around the waist, hair properly woven in cornrows and bangles on ankle and wrists. She may also be painted in earthy colours all over the body.

The isolation of the bride also means she gets no visitors either male or female (except minders) and is restricted to her immediate environment which could be a bungalow, hut, or small compound. Although, in modern times she may have a few home comforts to compensate for a likely feeling of boredom or loneliness. She may also be allowed to relish the taste of palm wine, undergo massages, spa and body treatment, stretching, rubbing of lotions, use of herbal concoctions and oils on the body.

But besides fattening her up for her would-be husband's pleasure, the bride is taught other cultural traditions of her people by her minders, who are usually elderly women.

This includes certain traditional wifely duties and expectations like how to cook some native dishes and properly care for her new family. She may also learn some traditional songs and oral traditions and be tutored in traditional art and crafts, manage funds and ultimately please her husband.
Waning Tradition
In the olden days, sometimes a more sinister purpose like circumcision is carried during the fattening room rites as it was erroneously believed to aid child birth and reduce the likelihood of promiscuity. In more modern fattening room practices, this particular function is banned and long forgotten.

As glamorised as it may look, in the past the fattening room was not a journey to blissful pampering, indulgence, and sumptuous meals. In reality, the rite was tough, frightening, and forced on the woman. Thankfully, in modern times it is no longer compulsory. Only those bound by a need for tradition and the rich with a compulsive itch to be acknowledged as wealthy and healthy still carry out this practice.

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The Fattening Rooms Of The Efik - Culture - Nigeria

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Walk up to the young, Westernised bachelor in any of Nigeria's big cities and ask him if bigger is better in choice of a bride. You'll most probably get that quizzical stare and a coy smile that give you the sneaky feeling that your question is - well - silly (Hellooo!

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Obesity may seem like a small price to pay for access to the modern world and all its comforts and opportunities. But conditions associated with obesity are starting to take their toll.
Jamaica is now the capital of leg amputee, while Trinidad and Tobago is the fattest island of all the Caribbean states.
Life expectancies, which rose throughout the region for decades, have begun to plateau in recent years because of weight-related health problems.

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The ready availability of imported food has coincided with the conversion of farm land to more lucrative industries such as bauxite of Jamaica and natural gas of Trinidad and Tobago. While the traditional Caribbean diet was dominated by fish, fruits, vegetables and plant based protein, islanders have now developed a taste for imported rice, sugar, flour, soda, and beer, Big Mac a special favorite.

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The Caribbean has a culture brand as being a space for fun loving, pleasant inebriated, easy going people. With varying diseases primarily diabetes, which stem from poor food choices / obesity

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Sugar bum bum... lord kitchen
Implying the overweight acceptance. A sign of good health, once a woman has a sizable Gluteus Maximus.
A Caribbean culture directly associated to the obesity trend turning into an epidemic

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BROOKLYN NY ... National of TRINIDAD & TOBAGO ... R.I.P.

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University of North Texas College of Music

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G.B.T.V. CultureShare  ARCHIVES 1999:  LORD KITCHENER  "Sugar bum bum"

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5-8-99 - MOTHER'S DAY CARIBBEAN SHOW @ BROOKLYN COLLEGE, BROOKLYN NY... National of TRINIDAD & TOBAGO... R.I.P.

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It’s a combination of factors including diet, lifestyle, and culture, but the main culprit is globalization.
Most of the Caribbean islands were traditional societies, dependent on subsistence farming and fishing until the mid 20th century.

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Does Chattel Slavery influence obesogenic trends

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Does Chattel Slavery influence obesogenic trends

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Do adhere to following so to reduce the obesity trend

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Do adhere to following so to reduce the obesity trend

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The benefits of healthy foods are many. PAHO and WHO emphasizes the role of healthy eating in the prevention of some chronic diseases, such heart disease, diabetes and stroke. It further affirms the role of healthy foods in maintaining healthy body weight.

Healthy food choices entail eating a balanced diet emphasizing what the body needs. This ensures that an individual maintains normal functioning of major processes of the body. Some of these processes include food metabolism, circulation, excretion and digestion.

Healthy foods contain vitamins and other nutrients that can reduce stress, which can compromise the immune system and cause such problems as heart disease and stroke.

A healthy, balanced diet consists of about one-third starchy foods and one-third fruits and vegetables. Dairy products, milk and proteins form the remaining part of the diet. Experts also recommend limiting food and drinks with high sugar or fat.

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Every day, several times a day, we select foods that influence our body’s health. Each day’s food choices may benefit or harm health only a little, but over time, the consequences of these choices become major.
Therefore, paying close attention to good eating habits now supports health benefits later. Conversely, carelessness about food choices can contribute to chronic diseases and now the Obesogenic Epidemic.

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For thousands of years, people have believed that food could influence their health and well-being. Hippocrates, the father of modern medicine, once said: “Let your food be your medicine, and your medicine be your food”.
In medieval times, people started to take great interest in how certain foods affected their mood and temperament. Many medical culinary textbooks of the time described the relationship between food and mood. For example, quince, dates and elderberries were used as mood enhancers, lettuce and chicory as tranquilizers, and apples, pomegranates, beef and eggs as erotic stimulants.
The past 80 years have seen immense progress in research, primarily short-term human trials and animal studies, showing how certain foods change brain structure, chemistry, and physiology thus affecting mood and performance.

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Why is a healthy lifestyle imperative in the Caribbean?

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Why is a healthy lifestyle imperative in the Caribbean?

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Sour Cream And Ramp Gnocchi With Crispy Bacon And Kale by aimeebourque | Quick & Easy Recipe | The Feedfeed

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Yummy Recipe for Sour Cream And Ramp Gnocchi With Crispy Bacon And Kale by aimeebourque

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Besides being unsanitary, the colonial period paid very little, to no attention to the health of enslaved Africans and Indentured workers.
Therefore they had to rely on the knowledge and skills that came with them from West Africa and India. Most used their knowledge of herbs and folk medicine to mange their health.

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Although most people realize food habits affect health, they often choose foods for other reasons. After all, foods bring pleasures, traditions, and associations as well as nourishment.

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a complex health issue to address. Obesity results from a combination of causes and contributing factors, including individual factors such as behavior and genetics. Behaviors (culture) can include dietary patterns, physical activity, inactivity, medication use, and other exposures. Additional contributing factors in our society include the food and physical activity environment, education and skills, and food marketing and promotion as mentioned earlier.

Obesity is a serious concern because it is associated with poorer mental health outcomes, reduced quality of life, and the leading causes of death in the Caribbean and worldwide, including diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and some types of cancer.

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In the Caribbean the cost of replacing slaves who died from overwork was low enough that it made economic sense to work the slave to death.
They were not allowed enough food, water and sleep to live.

Hence Sparrow's yearning "ah wonna be free", i'm dying.....!

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Mighty Sparrow ~ Jean & Dinah / Lizard / Melda

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The Mighty Sparrow ~ A Slave From Africa / LIVE 1992

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Chips, Burger, Soft-drinks,.
All high sugar, high Carbohydrates.

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PSA Caribbean Wellness Day 2009 Eat a Rainbow Every Day

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e Caribbean Community will come together on 13 September 2009 to mobilize its citizens - young and old - to engage in activities that will promote and sustain healthy lifestyles, in what will be the initial observance of Caribbean Wellness Day.

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Is health a major issue post slavery in the Caribbean?

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Is health a major issue post slavery in the Caribbean?

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Lead by Professor Dr. Wayne Ganpat
McGill University along with The University of the West Indies are conducting a study to promote healthy Caribbean diets and the best possible nutrition to reduce the obesity epidemic as its costing the Caribbean over 1 billion US dollars.

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Universities study reveals true picture of obesity in the Caribbean

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Uploaded by Angelic Brizeno on 2013-11-04.