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Social organization, dominance hierarchies and leadership behavior

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Social organization, dominance hierarchies and leadership behavior

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Huddling behavior-Young pigs are sensitive to cold and a behavioral feature retained through a pig’s life is the stimulus to huddle with litter mates

Another aspect of the huddling behavior is that pig are very sensitive to heat, so pigs seek shade and wallow in mud or water and become more active at night

Dominance hierarchy- When a number of unacquainted pigs are mixed together for the first time, they fight to establish a dominance hierarchy

Teat order- Within the first few hours to two weeks after farrowing, the piglets become capable of recognizing their positions on the udder and preferentially attach themselves to anterior rather than posterior teats

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It is estimated that 20% of male pigs produced for breeding in the USA exhibit inadequate sexual performance

Lack sexual libido

In some cases, it is necessary to assist boars manually to achieve intromission with receptive sows

Price, E. O. (2008). Principles and applications of domestic animal behavior : an introductory text / Edward O. Price. In Wallingford, UK ; Cambridge, MA : CABI, c2008.

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The Effect of Thermal Stress on Reproductive Behavior

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The Effect of Thermal Stress on Reproductive Behavior

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The objective of the present research was to determine the influence of ambient air temperature in the farrowing section of a pig facility

Three groups of experimental temperatures were  22°C, 25°C, and 28°C.

Sows kept in periodic high ambient temperature (25°C, 28°C) showed a relatively long period of farrowing, more aggressive behavior and overlying

Babicz, M., Skrzypczak, E., Rejduch, B., Kozubska-Sobocin´ska, A., Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska, A., & Kasprzak, K. (2012). Effect of thermal stress on reproductive performance parameters of sows with defined genotype at the RYR1 locus. Annals Of Animal Science, 12(3), 323-333. doi:10.2478/v10220-012-0027-1

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Rearing System Influences Sow's behavior

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Rearing System Influences Sow's behavior

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In females reared in individual crates until early control of gestation and in common crates (8-16 heads), prolificacy did not reach values that differ depending on the rearing system

In gestating sows reared in individual crates, the difference was significant during the entire gestation period compared to group rearing

The individual rearing system is not recommend because separation has negative influences on sows' behavior and financial aspects

Petroman, C. (2014). Influence of rearing system on sows' prolificacy during gestation. Scientific Papers: Animal Science And Biotechnologies, 47(1), 60-63.

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Pigs of lower social status tend to produce litters with piglets that are lighter in weight

Dominant sows give birth to more male piglets than  do subordinate ones

Pigs are extremely social animals. They form close bonds with other individuals

It is known that mothers sing to their young while nursing

More than 20 vocalizations have been identified that pigs use in different situations

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The sow will nest-build for up to six hours before parturition

While farrowing crates prevent much of this nest-building behavior, many elements are still present and the sow will often perform similar activities

Nursing is frequent, every 50–60 minutes, and the sow requires stimulation from piglets before milk let-down.

Sensory inputs such as, vocaliation, odors from  mammary and birth fluids and hair patterns of the sow

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Courtship behaviour lasts only a short time when a boar is placed in a small pen with an oestrous female

When the sow becomes stationary the boar mounts

Some sows are more attractive to boars than others and occasionally a sow may avoid and refuse to stand for a specific boar

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Ultra Massive Pigs Mating ★ Life of Pigs

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Ultra Aggressive Pig Mating ★ Life of Pigs

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If you have never seen pigs mate...like I hadn't before this...it is an interesting site. The boar's penis is shaped like a corkscrew, which you can see if the video if you look closely. The female will "stand" (stay stiff) until the boar is done.

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Increased nervous activity

Desire to seek the boar

Loss of appetite

Male-like sexual behavior

Mounting other females

Change in vocalization, which include grunts or growls

Swollen vuvla

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Tail and ear biting

Cannibalism

Reproductive behavior problems such as abnormal mating behavior and abnormal maternal behavior

Eating too much or too little

Persistent inguinal nose thrusting

Snout rubbing, when pigs rub their snouts on the flanks of other pigs causing necrosed areas

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The boar sniffs the female, noses sides, flanks and vulva

The boars also chants a ‘mating song’ of soft guttural grunts (6–8 seconds)

He foams at the mouth and moves his jaw from side to side as the female poses and bites the male’s ears gently

When the sow becomes stationary the boar mounts

Androstenone within boar saliva aids in eliciting the standing response in the sow

Pheromones in boar saliva and preputial secretions induce oestrus in gilts and sows