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See all the wonderful things GemmaGreenow has made

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can't be seen in light microscope: very small. Pass through filters that can trap bacteria. Only be seen through electron microscope. Not made of cells; acellular. No organelles, no chromosomes, no cytoplasm. Outside a living cell, virus exists as an inert vision. When they invade a cell, they can take over the cell's metabolism & multiply inside the host cell. Each virus is made of: a core nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA, surrounded by a protein coat: capsid. In some viruses, a membrane derived from the host cell surrounds the capsid.
Cells of all groups of organisms can be infected with viruses. Viruses that attack bacteria: bacteriophage.
Viruses can be crystallised. only characteristic viruses show is their ability to reproduce- contributes to whether or not they can be regarded as being alive.
Examples of viruses:
-in humans: flu, chickenpox, cold, HIV
-in plants: tobacco mosaic virus
-in birds: avian flu
-other mammals: swine flu, cow pox

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Comparison between prokaryotes + eukaryotes

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Comparison between prokaryotes + eukaryotes

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FEATURE: PROKARYOTE | EUKARYOTE
Length: small, 1-10um | larger 10-100um
Organelles: none | membrane-bound
DNA: free in cytoplasm | combined w protein: chromosomes
Nuclear envelope: none | double membrane
Plasmids: may be present | absent
Cell wall: murein | cellulose in plants, chitin in fungi
Chloroplast: none, use photosynthetic lamellae | in plants
Mitochondria: none, may use mesosome; aerobic respiration | present
Mesosome: present in some | absent
Ribosomes: 70S; free in cytoplasm | 80S; free in cytoplasm/attached to ER

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e.g. bacterium. They have no nucleus or internal membranes and they have no membrane-bound organelles. DNA is loose in the cytoplasm, they have a murein cell wall, 70S ribosomes, cytoplasm and cell membrane. Some prokaryotes have a slime coat, flagella, photosynthetic lamellae holding photosynthetic pigments, mesosome which is the site of aerobic respiration and plasmids.

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An organism containing cells that have membrane-bound organelles with DNA in chromosomes within the nucleus.

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A single-celled organism lacking membrane-bound organelles such as a nucleus, with its DNA free in the cytoplasm.