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make multiple copies of different works as a substitute for the
purchase of books or periodicals

copy the same works for more than one semester, class, or course

copy the same work more than nine times in a single semester

use copyrighted work for commercial purposes

use copyrighted work without attributing the author.

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the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the
copyrighted work as a whole:

Is the amount of the original work used reasonable?

Is the section of the original work used the most important part of
the work?

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the nature of the copyrighted work:

Is the copyrighted work published or unpublished?

Is the original work out of print?

Is the copyrighted work factual or creative?

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the purpose and character of the use:

Does the new work transform the original work or offer something
beyond the original? Copyrighted works that are altered significantly
are more likely to be considered fair use.

Is the use for nonprofit or educational purposes? Copyrighted works
used for nonprofit or educational purposes are more likely to be
considered fair use.

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According to the Copyright Act of 1976, "In determining whether the
use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use, the factors to be
considered shall include:

* the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is
of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes.

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assume a work is copyrighted and ask permission to use it.
if you properly quote and/or credit a work's author, experts say, you cannot
be accused of plagiarism, but you may still be accused of copyright
infringement.

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works published before January 1, 1923.

works published between 1923 and 1978 that did not contain a valid copyright notice.

works published between 1923 and 1978 for which the copyright was not renewed.

works authored by employees of the federal government.

works that the copyright owner has freely granted to the public
domain.Education World

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the list of works that are not copyright protected is surprisingly short. According to the the U.S govern office that list includes only

works that have not been fixed in a tangible form of
expression.

titles, names, short phrases, and slogans

ideas, procedures, methods, systems, processes, concepts,
principles, discoveries, or devices

works consisting entirely of information that is common property and
contains no original authorship
taken from public documents or other common sources.

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Anyone who produces a written work, image, music has the right to decide
how it is used and be compensated for the use of it.
It must be written down to be copyright protected.

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Copyright, according to Dictionary.com is, "the legal right granted to an author, a composer, a playwright, a publisher, or a distributor to exclusive publication, production, sale, or distribution of a literary, musical, dramatic, or artistic work.

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the materials used in examples are protected by copyright --
and copyright law states that the owner of any work has the sole right to reproduce, distribute, perform, display, transmit, or transform that work. Therefore, unless you had the permission of the copyright owner or owners, your use of the materials constituted copyright infringement.