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1. Identify the steps in mental health promotion program planning and begin to develop
a mental health promotion program;
2. Reflect upon the role of the nurse in developing mental health promotion programs;
3. Evaluate a mental health promotion program;
4. Define mental health literacy and explain its importance;
5. Reflect upon the role of the nurse in promoting mental health literacy.

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1. Describe mental health promotion and the nurse's role in mental health promotion;
2. Explain the importance of mental health promotion;
3. Explain the risk and protective factors for mental health;
4. Relate the social determinants of health to mental health;
5. Outline Victoria's Ten Year Mental Health Plan in relation to mental health promotion;
6. Reflect upon health promotion frameworks and relate health promotion to mental health promotion;
7. Describe the Melbourne Charter as a mental health promotion framework.

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1. Define violence;
2. Identify the modes of violence and describe the sub-types of violence;
3. Discuss the impact of violence on individual physical and mental health and its impacts on communities;
4. Explain mental health promotion strategies to address violence and the nurse's role in decreasing violence and its impacts;
5. Define Intimate partner violence (IPV);
6. Explain the role of the nurse when supporting someone experiencing intimate partner violence.

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Health literacy:
Health literacy relates to how people access, understand and use health information in ways that benefit their health.

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Reflect on the content you covered in HBS107 and HNN222. Define and make brief notes on the following:
- Health
- Primary Health Care
- Health Ptomotion
- Mental Health
- Mental illness/disorder

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Why do we need to promote mental health in Australia?

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Why do we need to promote mental health in Australia?

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- More than absence of mental illness
- Vital for individuals, families & communities
- Determined by social, economic and environmental factors
- Linked to behaviour
- Can be enhanced by effective public health interventions

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Risk and protective factors for mental health

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Risk and protective factors for mental health

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1. Define social exclusion;
2. Discuss population groups who are at risk of social exclusion;
3. Explain the impacts of social exclusion on mental health and on the individual, community and country;
4. Reflect upon the role of the nurse in promoting social inclusion and mental health;
5. Explain mental health promotion strategies and programs to promote social inclusion.

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"a process of being shut out from social, economic, political and cultural systems that contributes to hindering participation and contribution by the individual/family to their community"
Cappo 2002 (cited in VicHealth 2005)

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Reflect on your home state: List 5 population groups that are at risk of social exclusion

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Reflect on your home state: List 5 population groups that are at risk of social exclusion

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Qualities of a socially inclusive society

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Qualities of a socially inclusive society

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Link between social exclusion and mental wellbeing: List 5 impacts of social exclusion on mental health in the general population

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Link between social exclusion and mental wellbeing: List 5 impacts of social exclusion on mental health in the general population

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What is poverty? Below are common types of poverty:

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What is poverty? Below are common types of poverty:

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Identify and add links to at least 2 government programs in your state that are designed to enhance social inclusion

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Identify and add links to at least 2 government programs in your state that are designed to enhance social inclusion

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Knowledge of how to access and utilise positive mental health. That can include knowledge, insight and beliefs about mental health problems and solutions.

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Mental Health Literacy - new approach to diagnosis & care

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Mental Health Literacy - new approach to diagnosis & care

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Violence:
behaviour involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or something.

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Violence:

"the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against oneself, another person, or against a group or community, that either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation

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Substance abuse, low self worth, Hx of abuse or neglect, witnessing violence, community normalisation of violence, common beliefs about gender roles, poverty, stress/ inadequate coping mechanisms, social inequality/injustice,

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Impacts of violence on the individual:
Consequences include increased incidences of depression, anxiety, post traumatic stress disorder, and suicide; increased risk of cardiovascular disease; and premature mortality.
low self-esteem
low productivity

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Impacts of violence on families & children

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Impacts of violence on families & children

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Parents may be unable to meet the needs of children, depression and other mental health concerns, children have difficulty regulating their emotions and behaviors when exposed to violence, poor relationships, anti-social behaviors may develop, substance use disorders may result as a coping mechanism, impact on children's education and therefore career, juvenile delinquency, truancy, exclusion from community, feelings of shame/guilt etc, family breakdowns, loss of identity, risk of homelessness, risk taking behaviours, physical impacts-fractures, TBI's etc.

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Lack cohesion
High poverty
High crime rate
Low development levels
Safety concerns
Disconnect from culture
Poor access to community amenities & resources

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esp in pregnant women, failure to attend clinical appointments, miscarriages, failure to thrive in pregnancy

not being willing to talk when partner isn't there

inconsistent stories about injuries

self harming behaviours, mental health concerns, substances abuse, isolation from family/friend

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https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-11-26/ann-oneill-turning-grief-into-good/10464238

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When the worst thing in the world has happened to you, what's the worst that can happen? For Ann O'Neill, it's certainly not public speaking.

"Public speaking is feared second only to death and I've ticked that one, so I've managed the public-speaking fear," she says.

When Ann was 24, her estranged husband broke into her Perth house and shot dead their two small children. He then shot Ann in the right leg - causing a wound that would lead to its amputation then killed himself.

In the 24 years since that unthinkable event in August 1994, Ann has rebuilt her life. She has a joyous home life and has established herself professionally as an expert in the field of working with victims of extreme trauma.

If you or anyone you know needs help:

As Dr O'Neill, she regularly speaks publicly about the subject of trauma and about the organisation she founded in 2001, Angelhands.

In October, Ann was a keynote speaker at TEDxUWA in Perth on the theme of turning points.

The University of Western Australia theatre was hushed as she spoke.

"I quickly realised that if I did nothing, I would quickly drown," she told the audience.

In the past two decades, Ann, now 48, has helped thousands of people reeling in the wake of violent crime.

"She's been a beacon of light in some of my darkest hours," says family violence campaigner Rosie Batty, whose ex-partner murdered her son, Luke, in Melbourne in 2014.

Those she's helped include members of the Margaret River community where, in May, a man is believed to have shot dead his wife, daughter and four grandchildren before killing himself.

Ann has visited the Margaret River community twice to hold sessions about hope and healing.

"She doesn't skirt around the issues at all," says Jonelle Fraser, a Margaret River local who knew some members of the deceased family.

"It's, 'Hi, I'm Ann. I'm really sorry that you need to meet me ... the only reason I'm in your life is because something horrible has happened'."

Ann says she is often called on when no-one knows what to do.

"When the professionals have all left ... we are called because people think, 'right, now life will go back to normal', and it doesn't."

For several communities in Western Australia particularly, things are unlikely ever to return to normal: 2018 has been a horrendous year for family violence incidents in the state.

In four months, WA counted 15 victims, nine of them children, making the casualties in the state this year from family violence among the highest on record.

"I just find it outrageous," Ann says.

"In lots of ways it feels like groundhog day ... those statistics are almost the same as 1994."

The 'good bloke narrative'

In the early hours of August 22, 1994, Ann O'Neill was rushed tohospital.

"The pain she went through in hospital was horrendous. I can remember begging them, 'Give her some more painkillers, please'," friend Dawn Parker recalls.

Ann says her estranged husband had been stalking her for months.

"He knew that she was going to live the rest of her life, not only maimed, but without her two children," Detective Senior Sergeant Peter de la Motte toldAustralian Story when it first profiled Ann in 2004.

Incredibly, in the wake of the murders, Ann had to deal with the fact that some people blamed her for what had happened.

"The biggest issue I had to grapple with was if a stranger had walked into my house that night and done what [he] had done, the whole world would have been outraged," Ann told Australian Story in 2004.

"Nobody would have blamed me in any way. But because it was their father, somehow I'd made him do it."

Ann's reply to those people was powerful.

"I'm responsible for breaking his heart perhaps, but I'm not responsible for putting that gun in his hand."

Fast-forward 24 years and Ann and women like her are still coming up against what Rosie Batty says is sometimes referred to as "the good-bloke narrative".

She says that, in situations such as Ann's, a calculated decision was made.

"When something like this happens ... we try to seek to understand, so when we look for reasons, we're looking to excuse ... I really think we need to understand, that's not a good bloke."

Starting a new life

Ann O'Neill's resilience in the face of her unimaginable tragedy was driven by the need to make a difference.

"What I came to realise through my time in hospital and through all of the people, both professional and nonprofessional, was that nobody really knew what to do," she says. "I had no role in life left ... so here's something that I can do to help others."

After she lost her children, Ann went back and finished high school, went on to university and got a social work degree, then won a scholarship to do a PhD. Her research looked at what support was available to people who had lost close family members to homicide.

"When you go and read the limited amount of research that existed, it said family, friends and community are by far the biggest support," she said.

"But as I walked beside families, I realised that not all of that was necessarily helpful and I also wanted to understand what professionals could do to help more as well."

Hoping to fill the gap she had identified, Ann set up the not-for-profit Angelhands in her shed in 2001, initially as a website, to provide help for those suffering from extreme trauma.

Angelhands now has two offices, satellite clinics, and a team of about 25 volunteer counsellors help about 300clients a year. Ann is currently its CEO.

She doesn't believe in the adage that time heals all.

"All grief is lifelong", she says. "You will never go back to the way it was, but we can make it so that there are ways to at least enjoy life, even if it isn't the same as what you envisioned it was going to be."

Becoming a mother again

When she spoke to Australian Story in 2004, Ann O'Neill was single and not confident she wanted a serious relationship. "I don't know if I'll ever be able to do that in terms of trust, in terms of the complications it brings."

Some years later, her sister introduced her to Wayne Keady, a high school science teacher. Wayne knew of Ann's story.

"You form a picture in your head of what a person should look like after that happens and she was nothing like that," he remembers. "She was the most positive person I could remember ever meeting."

Ann was initially interested in Wayne because she thought she could recruit him as an Angelhands volunteer but eventually, as she grew to trust him, their relationship changed. The couple have since married and live on a property outside Perth.

And there would be more joy to come. Five years ago Ann gave birth to her third child, a boy. They called him AJ. "He's a fabulous individual, full of mischief and energy."

AJ is aware that he has a brother and a sister. Sometimes he asks if he can visit them in heaven. Wayne explains to him then that you don't get to visit heaven.

"It's not a sad thing. It's just a different thing. He celebrates his brother and sister."
Watch Hell's Angel on ABC iview or Youtube.

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Ann witnessed her kids being shot dead; now she's helping others deal with unthinkable grief

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If Ann O'Neill turns up at your door, it's probably because something terrible has just happened. When her two children were shot dead in front of her by her estranged husband, it became the catalyst for helping others through extreme grief.

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 Describe the trends of suicide in Australia;
 Identify the population groups that have a higher risk of suicide and explain why;
 Describe the risk and protective factors for suicide;
 Outline the National Mental Health and Suicide Prevention Plan's strategies to prevent suicide;
 Identify Australian suicide prevention and mental health promotion programs;
 Reflect upon and explain the role of the nurse in suicide prevention.

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1. Explain the impacts of addiction and substance use on the individual, family and community;
2. Explain mental health promotion strategies including harm minimisation, to reduce the impacts of addiction;
3. Describe the negative and positive impacts of social media on mental health;
4. Explain the impacts of cyber bullying on mental health;
5. Describe mental health promotion strategies to decrease the negative impacts of social media, including cyber bullying;
6. Reflect upon the role of the nurse in promoting mental health for people who experience addiction and cyber bullying.

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1. Identify and explain the workplace factors that can negatively impact nurses' and midwives' mental health;
2. Define burnout;
3. Define resilience and develop skills in building resilience;
4. Identify and develop strategies you can use promote your colleagues' and your own mental health in the workplace;
5. Explain your role as a registered nurse and/or midwife in creating healthy and supportive work environments that promote mental health.

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Populations groups at risk of self-harm & suicide

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Populations groups at risk of self-harm & suicide

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Reflect on everything we covered in this session, identify various roles for the nurse in suicide prevention in their community and their workplace?

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To begin with, clarify for yourself what drugs are commonly abused in your community, list them in order of letherity.

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Do you think above trends are true for Australia as well?

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Reflect on the above figures, list some impacts of problem gambling in Australia.

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Motivational interviewing is a common therapeutic measure for people with addiction problems. Make brief notes on three other strategies for people struggling with addiction in the community setting.

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Risk and protective factors for good mental health in nursing contexts

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Risk and protective factors for good mental health in nursing contexts

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Factors contributing to burnout in nursing

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Factors contributing to burnout in nursing

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Workplace Bullying and impacts on mental welbeing

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Workplace Bullying and impacts on mental welbeing

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1) Define resilience and describe aspects of resilience in nursing
2) Reflect upon how resilience supports mental health: How would you rate your resilience at the moment? What can you do to further develop your resilience levels?

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1) Identify strategies that can contribute to promoting a mentally healthy workplace
2) Reflect on the role of nurse leaders to create mentally health workplaces.