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Phenol reacts with dilute nitric acid at room temperature to give a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol while with concentrated nitric acid, additional nitro groups are introduced, e. g. to give 2,4,6-trinitrophenol. Aqueous solutions of phenol are weakly acidic and turn blue litmus slightly to red.
-Hemamalar D, 12 "C"

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1. Nitrosation:-

Phenol reacts with HNO2 at 278K to give p-nitrosophenol.

2. Reduction:-

Phenol on hydrogenation using Ni catalyst at 160°C, gets reduced into Cyclohexanol

Navishraja .S XII C

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1. Sulphonation:
Phenol reacts with conc.H2SO4 at 280K to form ortho-phenol sulphonic acid. When the reaction is carried out at 373K, the major product is para-phenol sulphonic acid.
2. Nitrosation:
Phenol reacts with HNO2 at 278K to give para-nitroso phenol.
-Sneka. M;12-B

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PREPARATION OF PHENOL 🧪
Aniline is diazotized with nitrous acid  at 273-278K to give benzene

diazonium chloride which on further treatment with hot water in the presence of mineral acid

gives phenol.
REACTION OF PHENOL

Phenol is converted to benzene on heating with zinc dust. In this reaction the hydroxyl group which is attached to the aromatic ring is eliminated.

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Swetharini .L XIIC C

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MONISHA S
12 C

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PHTHALIEN REACTION, HALOGENATION REACTION 

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-GOKUL G, XII-A

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# Nitration:
Phenol on treatment with nitrous acid at 278k produces Para nitro phenol
# with zn dust :
Phenol is convert to benzene on heating with zn dust during the reaction the hydroxyl group attached to aromatic rings gets elimated
- P.ASHWINI PRIYA 12 B

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Halogenation:
Phenol reacts with bromine water to give a white precipitate of 2,4,6-tri bromo phenol.If the reaction is carried out in cs2 or ccl4 at 278K, a mixture of ortho and para bromo phenols are formed.

KOLBE'S REACTION:
In this reaction, phenol is first converted into sodium peroxide which is more reactive than phenol towards electrophilic substitution reaction with co2. Treatment of sodium phenoxide with co2 at 400K, 4-7 bar pressure followed by acid hydrolysis gives salicylic acid.

A.VARUN
XII-A

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1. Sulphonation:

Phenol reacts with conc.H2SO4 at 280K to form o-phenol sulphonic acid. When the reaction is carried out at 373K, the major product is p-phenol sulphonic acid.

2. Nitrosation:

Phenol reacts with HNO2 at 278K to give p-nitroso phenol.

- S.SUBRAMANIAN   XII-A

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Phenol reacts with dilute nitric acid at room temperature to give a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4 nitrophenol while with concentrated nitric acid, additional nitro groups are introduced, e.g. to give 2,4,6 trinitrophenol.

Reaction of phenol
Sodium Hydroxide. Because phenol is acidic, it reacts with sodium hydroxide to form the phenoxide anion and water.
Kanishka v
12 A

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1)Nitration:
Nitration with conc.HNO3+Conc.H2SO4 gives picric acid at 298K.

2)Sulphonation:
Phenol reacts with conc.H2SO4 at 280K
to form o-phenol sulphonic acid as the major product.
-Pavithra.R 12 A

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Nitrosation
Phenol reacts with conc. HNO3 in the presence of conc. H2SO4 gives trinitro-phenol.
Coupling RXN
Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with phenol in the presence of NaOH at temperature between 273-278K to produce p- hydroxyazobenzene
Phthalein RXN
Phenol with phallic anhydride heated in presence of conc. H2SO4 gives phenophthalene and H2O
-S. Pragalya, 12B

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Phenol reacts with dilute nitric acid at room temperature to give a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol while with concentrated nitric acid, additional nitro groups are introduced, e.g. to give 2,4,6-trinitrophenol.
Sahithya. R

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i)the reaction of phenol with sodium to form sodium phenoxide with the liberation of hydrogen gas.C6​H5​OH+Na→C6​H5​−ONa+1/2H2↑
(ii) The reaction of phenol with sodium hydroxide to give sodium phenoxide and water.C6​H5​−OH+NaOH→C6​H5​−ONa+H2​O Phenol is more acidic than ethanol. Deprotonation of phenol gives phenoxide ion which is resonance stabilized. There is no resonance stabilization for the deprotonation of ethoxide ion.
M.Hrithik Roshan
12-B

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1.Nitration:
Phenol on treatment with nitrous acid at 278 K produces Para-nitroso phenol

2.WITH ZN DUST:
phenol is converted to benzene on heating with Zn dust. During the reaction the hydroxyl group attached to aromatic ring gets eliminated.

S.Anirudh 12 B

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Coupling Rxn:

Benzene diazonium chloride reacts with phenol at temperature 273-278 K  with NAOH it forms  P-hydroxy azobenzene .

Rxn with Zn dust:

Phenol reacts with Zn at high temperature to form Benzene.
-S.Priyadharshini of 12C

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1)Phenol + zn Dust when heating gives Benzene
C6 H5 OH + Zn gives C6 H6 + ZnO
2) Coupling Reaction:
In this Reaction the Benzene Diazonium Chloride combines with Phenol with the presence of Naoh at the temperature 273-278k gives Hydrozxy Azo Benzene.
- Deepika S 12 A

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1. The aqueous mixture of phenol is weakly acidic and changes blue litmus somewhat to red.
C6H5OH + NaOH → C6H5ONa + H2O

2.Schotten-Baumann reaction:
When a mixture of phenol and benzoyl chloride is shaken in the occurrence of dilute sodium hydroxide solution, phenyl benzoate is produced.
C6H5OH + C6H5COCl → C6H5OCOC6H5 + HCl

3. Phenol is transformed to benzene when it is distilled with zinc dust.
C6H5OH + Zn → C6H6 + ZnO

- R . JENISHA 12C

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1. Phenol is converted into benezene on heating with zinc dust
C6+H5 +Zn -  C6H5+ZnO
2. Phenol reacts with dilute nitric acid  at a room temperatures to give a mixture of 2-nitrophenol and 4-nitrophenol while with the concentrated nitric acid .
3. Aqueous solutions of phenol are weakly acidic and turns blue litmus slightly to red.
S. Umesh Kumar
XII-A

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                           G.JAYASREE 12 C

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PREPARATION OF PHENOL FROM CUMENE:                                  Cumene in the presence of air gives cumene hydro-peroxide.The reaction between cumene hydroxide and dilute acid gives phenol and acetone (as a byproduct).

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PREPARATION OF PHENOL FROM CUMENE:                                  Cumene in the presence of air gives cumene hydro-peroxide.The reaction between cumene hydroxide and dilute acid gives phenol and acetone (as a byproduct).

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Kolbe's Reaction
In this reaction the phenol is treated with Sodium Hydroxide which forms Sodium phenoxide by removal of H2O
Then this Sodium phenoxide is treated with CO2 under 4 to 7 bar pressure in 400k which forms Sodium salicylate which on acid hydrolysis gives salicylic acid.

Phthalein Reaction
Phallic Anhydride which is treated with concentrated H2SO4 forms phenolpthalein
J Nithyashree 12c

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i)PHTHALEIN RXN : Reactant-phenol, ophthalic anhydride, Conditions- on heating in the presence of con.H2SO4 , Product- phenolphthalein.
ii)COUPLING RXN : Reactant- Benzene diazonium chloride, phenol, Conditions- temp at 273-278K in the presence of NaOH, Product- p-hydroxy azobenzene.

- E.Navitha, XII-B

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(1) The reaction of phenol with sodium to form sodium phenoxide with liberation of hydrogen gas.
C6​H5​OH+Na-->C6​H5​−ONa+1/2H2↑
(2) phenol is reacted with zn dust to form benzene on heating
C6H5OH+ZN--on heating-->C6H6+ZNO

-NITHEEESHWARI.S 12A

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i)The reaction of phenol with sodium to form sodium phenoxide with liberation of hydrogen gas.
C6​H5​OH+Na→C6​H5​−ONa+1/2H2↑
(ii) The reaction of phenol with sodium hydroxide to give sodium phenoxide and water.
C6​H5​−OH+NaOH→C6​H5​−ONa+H2​O
Phenol is more acidic than ethanol.
Deprotonation of phenol gives phenoxide ion which is resonance stabilized.
There is no resonance stabilization for the deprotonation of ethoxide ion (obtained by deprotonation of ethanol).
R.Harini 12c

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Give two reactions that show the acidic nature of phenol.

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Give two reactions that show the acidic nature of phenol.

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Two reactions that show the acidic nature of phenol are as follows:
(i) The reaction of phenol with sodium to form sodium phenoxide with liberation of hydrogen gas.
C6​H5​OH+Na→C6​H5​−ONa+1/2H2​↑
(ii) The reaction of phenol with sodium hydroxide to give sodium phenoxide and water.
C6​H5​−OH+NaOH→C6​H5​−ONa+H2​O
Phenol is more acidic than ethanol.
Deprotonation of phenol gives phenoxide ion which is resonance stabilized.
There is no resonance stabilization for the deprotonation of ethoxide ion (obtained by deprotonation of ethanol).
JAGADEEP
XII-B

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1. From halo arenes (Dows process)
When Chlorobenzene is hydrolysed with 6-8% NaOH at 300 bar and 633K in a closed vessel sodium phenoxide is formed which on treatment with dilute HCI gives phenol.
2. From benzene sulphonic acid
Benzene is sulphonated with oleum and the benzene sulphonic acid so formed is heated with molten NaOH at 623K gives sodium phenoxide which on acidification gives phenol.

KAVIYA.V XII-B

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1. Phenol on hydrogenation using Nickel catalyst at 160 deg celsius, gets reduced into Cyclohexanol  [Reduction]
2. Phenol on treatment with nitrous acid at 278 K produces Para-nitroso phenol  [Nitrosation]

             Rahul Balaji M.S. 12 C

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Reactions of Phenol.
1.Reaction with Zn dust

phenol is converted to benzene on heating with Zn dust. During the reaction the hydroxyl group attached to aromatic ring gets eliminated.

2.Reaction with Ammonia.

Phenol on heating with ammonia in presence of anhydrous ZnCl2 gives aniline.

vishal.m XII-A