# data[].attributes.headline
Effect of Lifestyle on Asthma Control in
Japanese Patients: Importance of Periodical Exercise and Raw Vegetable Diet.
Conclusively Japanese patients experienced better asthma control with raw vegetable
intake and periodical exercise.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Iikura, M., Yi, S., Ichimura, Y., Hori, A.,
Izumi, S., Sugiyama, H. & Kobayashi, N. (2013). Effect of lifestyle on
asthma control in Japanese patients: importance of periodical exercise and raw
vegetable diet. PloS one,8(7),
e68290.

# data[].attributes.subject
Effect of Lifestyle on Asthma Control in
Japanese Patients: Importance of Periodical Exercise and Raw Vegetable Diet.
Conclusively Japanese patients experienced better asthma control with raw vegetable
intake and periodical exercise.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                            Iikura, M., Yi, S., Ichimura, Y., Hori, A.,
Izumi, S., Sugiyama, H. & Kobayashi, N. (2013). Effect of lifestyle on
asthma control in Japanese patients: importance of periodical exercise and raw
vegetable diet. PloS one,8(7),
e68290.

# data[].attributes.headline
Diet-induced weight loss in obese children
with asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Results demonstrated that dietary-induced
weight loss was associated with improved lung function.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Jensen, M. E.,
Gibson, P. G., Collins, C. E., Hilton, J. M., & Wood, L. G. (2013). Diet‐induced weight loss in obese children with
asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical
& Experimental Allergy, 43(7),
775-784.

# data[].attributes.subject
Diet-induced weight loss in obese children
with asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Results demonstrated that dietary-induced
weight loss was associated with improved lung function.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             Jensen, M. E.,
Gibson, P. G., Collins, C. E., Hilton, J. M., & Wood, L. G. (2013). Diet‐induced weight loss in obese children with
asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical
& Experimental Allergy, 43(7),
775-784.

# data[].attributes.headline
 

IF YOU’RE INTERESTED CHECK OUT THESE
STUDIES AND ASK YOURSELF THE QUESTION; IS DIET BENEFICIAL FOR ASTHMA
MANAGEMENT? 

# data[].attributes.subject
 

IF YOU’RE INTERESTED CHECK OUT THESE
STUDIES AND ASK YOURSELF THE QUESTION; IS DIET BENEFICIAL FOR ASTHMA
MANAGEMENT? 

# data[].attributes.body
Source: http://www.asthmaaustralia.org.au/vic/home

# data[].attributes.body
Source: http://www.ifeeldandi.com/carbo-counting/

# data[].attributes.body
Source: http://www.foodpyramid.com/

# data[].attributes.headline
Study from 2013 find that fruit and vegetables are particularly
helpful in the anti-inflammatory process as they house inhibitory chemical mediators that play a key role in asthma inflammation (Tanaka &
Takahashi, 2013). 

# data[].attributes.subject
Study from 2013 find that fruit and vegetables are particularly
helpful in the anti-inflammatory process as they house inhibitory chemical mediators that play a key role in asthma inflammation (Tanaka &
Takahashi, 2013). 

# data[].attributes.headline
Reviewed
studies suggest that there is causality with obesity as its risk factor.
However due to small sample sizes and inconsistent methods, interpretations are
challenging thus no valid conclusion stands (Uneli, Skybo, & Camargo Jr,
2007).

# data[].attributes.subject
Reviewed
studies suggest that there is causality with obesity as its risk factor.
However due to small sample sizes and inconsistent methods, interpretations are
challenging thus no valid conclusion stands (Uneli, Skybo, & Camargo Jr,
2007).

# data[].attributes.body
Source: https://www.dogsnaturallymagazine.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/fish-oil-dog-food.jpg

# data[].attributes.body
Source: http://www.caloriesecrets.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/why-we-need-antioxidans.jpg

# data[].attributes.body
Source: https://www.gingersport.com.au/six-vegetables-to-try-with-your-kids/

# data[].attributes.headline
Similar finding on antioxidants has been noticed on systematic review of
eleven trials in 2013, where vitamin C is identified as dietary antioxidants
that play a role in reduction of severity of inflamed airways in asthma;
however the study denies any claim of substantial therapeutic impact in
reduction of asthma exacerbation (Milan, Hart & Wilkinson, 2013). 

# data[].attributes.subject
Similar finding on antioxidants has been noticed on systematic review of
eleven trials in 2013, where vitamin C is identified as dietary antioxidants
that play a role in reduction of severity of inflamed airways in asthma;
however the study denies any claim of substantial therapeutic impact in
reduction of asthma exacerbation (Milan, Hart & Wilkinson, 2013). 

# data[].attributes.headline
A randomized controlled trail in 2012 pointed out the inconsistency of
the effect of individual antioxidant supplementation on Asthma patient. It suggested
manipulation of dietary pattern (intake of antioxidant rich food with five
serving of vegetables and two servings of fruits) is more effective in improving
asthma condition than individual antioxidant supplement intake (Wood, Garg,
Smart, Scott, Baker & Gibson, 2012). 

# data[].attributes.subject
A randomized controlled trail in 2012 pointed out the inconsistency of
the effect of individual antioxidant supplementation on Asthma patient. It suggested
manipulation of dietary pattern (intake of antioxidant rich food with five
serving of vegetables and two servings of fruits) is more effective in improving
asthma condition than individual antioxidant supplement intake (Wood, Garg,
Smart, Scott, Baker & Gibson, 2012). 

# data[].attributes.headline
Antioxidants
have different mechanisms through which they protect lung tissue against
oxidative damage. For example Vitamin E contains defense properties with reviews suggesting that low vitamin E intake was significantly associated with increased asthma
severity (Han, Blatter, Brehm, Forno, Litonjua & Celedon, 2013). Additionally, Vitamin C
has immune-modulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; reported by systematic reviews, low vitamin C intake is associated
with wheezing (Han et al., 2013).

# data[].attributes.subject
Antioxidants
have different mechanisms through which they protect lung tissue against
oxidative damage. For example Vitamin E contains defense properties with reviews suggesting that low vitamin E intake was significantly associated with increased asthma
severity (Han, Blatter, Brehm, Forno, Litonjua & Celedon, 2013). Additionally, Vitamin C
has immune-modulatory, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties; reported by systematic reviews, low vitamin C intake is associated
with wheezing (Han et al., 2013).

# data[].attributes.headline
While reviewing of 9 RCTs in patients with asthma, there is no strong
evidences that suggest that fish oil has any strong therapeutic effect on asthma
patients, despite claim from epidemiological studies of beneficial effects of
fish oils on asthma (National Asthma Council Australia, 2015).

# data[].attributes.subject
While reviewing of 9 RCTs in patients with asthma, there is no strong
evidences that suggest that fish oil has any strong therapeutic effect on asthma
patients, despite claim from epidemiological studies of beneficial effects of
fish oils on asthma (National Asthma Council Australia, 2015).

# data[].attributes.headline
National Asthma Council Australia (2013) denies having any substantial
evidence to suggest of any positive effects of low sodium diet on routine
asthma control, but confirms having a weak evidence of improvement in patients’
condition relating to exercise induced Asthma. 

# data[].attributes.subject
National Asthma Council Australia (2013) denies having any substantial
evidence to suggest of any positive effects of low sodium diet on routine
asthma control, but confirms having a weak evidence of improvement in patients’
condition relating to exercise induced Asthma. 

# data[].attributes.headline
Junk food need to be blamed for sudden spike in asthma cases in many developed nations. It suggests including more fruits and vegetables high in fiber. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Junk food need to be blamed for sudden spike in asthma cases in many developed nations. It suggests including more fruits and vegetables high in fiber. 

# data[].attributes.headline
Fish
oil  contains omega-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and dicisagexenoic acid (DHA).
They help in suppression of inflammatory mediators such as leukotrienes and
prostaglandins and are linked to have an anti-inflammatory effects on EIA
patients (Mickleborough, Head, & Lindley, 2011).

# data[].attributes.subject
Fish
oil  contains omega-3 polyunsaturated
fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and dicisagexenoic acid (DHA).
They help in suppression of inflammatory mediators such as leukotrienes and
prostaglandins and are linked to have an anti-inflammatory effects on EIA
patients (Mickleborough, Head, & Lindley, 2011).

# data[].attributes.headline
National
asthma council of Australia denies food as asthma trigger, but more act as part
of severe food allergy. The asthma council recommend not to eliminate any food
such as diary or wheat from the diet to deal with asthma unless food allergy
confirmed by the doctor (National Asthma Council Australia, 2012. 

# data[].attributes.subject
National
asthma council of Australia denies food as asthma trigger, but more act as part
of severe food allergy. The asthma council recommend not to eliminate any food
such as diary or wheat from the diet to deal with asthma unless food allergy
confirmed by the doctor (National Asthma Council Australia, 2012. 

# data[].attributes.headline
Diet can regulate factors which highly affect
the etiology of asthma. But the direct
correlation between diet and asthma is difficult to justify because of the many
small studies leaving unexplained contradictions in the literatures (Kim, Ellwood & Asher, 2009).

# data[].attributes.subject
Diet can regulate factors which highly affect
the etiology of asthma. But the direct
correlation between diet and asthma is difficult to justify because of the many
small studies leaving unexplained contradictions in the literatures (Kim, Ellwood & Asher, 2009).

# data[].attributes.body
References

Australia Institute of Health and Welfare.(2016). Asthma [Online image]. Retrieved March 24, 2016 from http://www.aihw.gov.au/asthma

Aubum Rose Ltd (2016). Questions to ask in a job interview: the do’s and don’ts[Online image]. Retrieved March 24, 2016 from http://goo.gl/ENGhm5. Shutterstock(2016). Agree Stock Photos [Online image]. Retrieved March 24, 2016 from https://goo.gl/6mkpPb

Barros, R., Moreira, A., Fonseca, J., Ferraz de Oliveira, J., Delgado, L., Castel-Branco, M.G., . . .

Moreira, P. (2008). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and fresh fruit intake are associated with improved asthma control. Allergy, 63(7), 917-923. doi: 10.1111/j. 1398-9995.2008.01665.x

Eneli, U., Skybo, T., & Camargo Jr, C.A. (2007). Weight loss and asthma: a systematic review.

Thorax, 63(8), 671-676. doi: 10.1136/thx.2007.086470

FoodPyramid.com (2015). Dietary Guidelines [Guideline]. Retrieved from:

http://www.foodpyramid.com

Gibson, P.G. (2011). A high-fat challenge increases airway inflammation and impairs

bronchodilator recovery in asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 127(5), 1133-1140. Doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.01.036

Han, Y. Y., Blatter, J., Brehm, J. M., Forno, E., Litonjua, A. A., & Celedón, J. C. (2013).

Diet and asthma: vitamins and methyl donors. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 1(10), 813-822. Doi:  http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2213-2600(13)70126-7

Iikura, M., Yi, S., Ichimura, Y., Hori, A., Izumi, S., Sugiyama, H. & Kobayashi, N. (2013). Effect of lifestyle on asthma control in Japanese patients: importance of periodical exercise and raw vegetable diet. PloS one,8(7), e68290. Retrieved from: https://web-b-ebscohost-com.ezproxy2.acu.edu.au

Jensen, M. E., Gibson, P. G., Collins, C. E., Hilton, J. M., & Wood, L. G. (2013). Diet‐induced weight loss in obese children with asthma: a randomized controlled trial. Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 43(7), 775-784. Retrieved from: https://web-b-ebscohost-com.ezproxy2.acu.edu.au

Julia, V., Macia, L., & Dombrowicz, D. (2015). The impact of diet on asthma and allergic diseases. Nature Reviews Immunology, 15(5), 308-322. Doi:  10.1038/nri3830

Kim, J-H., Ellwood, P.E., & Asher, M.I. (2009). Diet and asthma: looking back, moving forward. Respiratory Research, 10(1), 49. doi: 10.1186/1465-9921-10-49

Kohlstadt, I. (2009). Food and Nutrients in Disease Management. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press McKeever, T. M., & Britton, J. (2004). Diet and asthma. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 170(7), 725-9. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/199615263?accountid=8194

Mickleborough, T. D., Head, S. K. & Lindley, M. R. (2011). Exercise-induced asthma: Nutritional management. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 10(4), 197-202. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0b013e318223cdb5

National Asthma Council Australia (2015). Australian asthma handbook: quick reference guide [Handbook]    Retrieved from http://www.asthmahandbook.org.au/uploads/555143d72c3e3.pdf

National Asthma Council Australia (2013). My asthma guide. Retrieved from http://www.nationalasthma.org.au/uploads/content/742-20150602_MyAsthmaGuide_web.pdf

National Asthma Council Australia (2012). Asthma and allergy: a guide to the management of allergy for those living with asthma for patients and carers,  2-23. Retrieved from http://www.nationalasthma.org.au/uploads/content/647-Asthma-Allergy-Patient-brochure.pdf

Oates, L. (2011). Complementary Medicines for Asthma. Australian Pharmacist, 30(6), 488-490, 492-493. Retrieved from:  http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;res=IELAPA;dn=058223330605761

Philpott, L. (2014). Fruit and vegetables might protect against asthma. The Australian Journal of Pharmacy, 95(1152), 48-50, 52. Retrieved from: http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;res=IELAPA;dn=305255151757698

Rance, K. S. (2011). Helping patients attain and maintain asthma control: reviewing the role of the nurse practitioner. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 4, 299–309. Retrieved from: http://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S22966

Rea, P. (2013). Breathe easy. managing asthma [Blog]. Retrieved from: http://www.ifeeldandi.com/carbo-counting/

Shutterstock (2016). Disagree Stock Photos [Online image]. Retrieved March 24, 2016 from https://goo.gl/6mkpPb

Tanaka, T., & Takahashi, R. (2013). Flavonoids and Asthma. Nutrients, 5(6), 2128-2143.

Thien F. C. K., De Luca, S., Woods, R. K. & Abramson, M. J. Dietary marine fatty acids (fish oil) for asthma in adults and children. Cochrane Database Systmatic Reviews, 2 Retrived from:http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/14651858.CD001283/full

WellBeing Natural Health & Living News (2016). Special Report [Online image]. Retrieved March 24, 2016 from https://goo.gl/5YG4WE

Wendell, S. G., Baffi, C., & Holguin, F. (2014). Fatty acids, inflammation, and asthma.

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, 133(5), 1255-1264. Doi: 10.1016/j.jaci.2013.12.1087

Wood, L. G., Garg, M. L., Smart, J. M., Scott, H. A., Barker, D. & Gibson, P. G. (2012).

Manipulating antioxidant intake in asthma: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 96(3), 534.

# data[].attributes.headline
Also some studies show an increased risk of asthma in individuals with BMI of greater
than 30 Kg/m2. Imbalances in diet that lead to obesity and micro-nutrient
deficiency can promote inflammation increasing susceptibility to asthma.  (Julia, Macia &
Dombrowicz, 2015).

# data[].attributes.subject
Also some studies show an increased risk of asthma in individuals with BMI of greater
than 30 Kg/m2. Imbalances in diet that lead to obesity and micro-nutrient
deficiency can promote inflammation increasing susceptibility to asthma.  (Julia, Macia &
Dombrowicz, 2015).

# data[].attributes.headline
Increasing
incidence of asthma is suggested to be a result of western diet such as rich in
meat, high sodium and refined carbohydrate. Such diet is also linked with increased
risk of frequent wheezing (Julia, Macia & Dombrowicz, 2015). 

# data[].attributes.subject
Increasing
incidence of asthma is suggested to be a result of western diet such as rich in
meat, high sodium and refined carbohydrate. Such diet is also linked with increased
risk of frequent wheezing (Julia, Macia & Dombrowicz, 2015). 

# data[].attributes.headline
Fatty
acids  are considered as major players in modification of inflammatory pathways that is directly linked to pathophysiology of asthma (Wendell, Baffi &
Holguin, 2014).

# data[].attributes.subject
Fatty
acids  are considered as major players in modification of inflammatory pathways that is directly linked to pathophysiology of asthma (Wendell, Baffi &
Holguin, 2014).

# data[].attributes.headline
Avoid
highly processed food that are high-fat/high-energy as they'll increases airway inflammation, resulting in an increased proportion of sputum. The extent of lung suppression
is correlating to the increase in fatty acid concentrations. (Wood et al., 2011). Similarly this argument is supported by Julia, Macia & Dombrowicz (2015) as they highlight bronchodilation recovery is impaired by high fat meals. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Avoid
highly processed food that are high-fat/high-energy as they'll increases airway inflammation, resulting in an increased proportion of sputum. The extent of lung suppression
is correlating to the increase in fatty acid concentrations. (Wood et al., 2011). Similarly this argument is supported by Julia, Macia & Dombrowicz (2015) as they highlight bronchodilation recovery is impaired by high fat meals. 

# data[].attributes.headline
Mediterranean diet also includes high intake of ethanol which may potentially induce
adverse effects of asthma control (Barros et al., 2008).

# data[].attributes.subject
Mediterranean diet also includes high intake of ethanol which may potentially induce
adverse effects of asthma control (Barros et al., 2008).

# data[].attributes.headline
Barros et al. (2008) suggests that Mediterranean diet has a beneficial link to asthma. Inclusion of fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains and nuts may reduce asthma severity. 

# data[].attributes.subject
Barros et al. (2008) suggests that Mediterranean diet has a beneficial link to asthma. Inclusion of fresh fruits, vegetables, whole grains and nuts may reduce asthma severity. 

# data[].attributes.headline
Evidence
shows that high dietary salt intake enhances asthma severity through greater
bronchoconstriction in exercise induced asthmatic patients (Mickleborough, Head
& Lindley, 2011).

# data[].attributes.subject
Evidence
shows that high dietary salt intake enhances asthma severity through greater
bronchoconstriction in exercise induced asthmatic patients (Mickleborough, Head
& Lindley, 2011).

# data[].attributes.headline
Epidemiological
studies suggest reason that asthma triggers include food (Kohlstadt, 2009).

# data[].attributes.subject
Epidemiological
studies suggest reason that asthma triggers include food (Kohlstadt, 2009).

# data[].attributes.body
Source: https://getbunnybox.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/fruits.jpg

# data[].attributes.body
In conclusion, there is insufficient and limited data to support this argument. Whilst some correlations have been reported between asthma and diet, the nature of these correlations are unclear as of now due to the complexities involved in uncovering such effects. Factors such as, monetary status,  timing and stages of life all play a contributing part to such outcomes. From what has been observed, it is possible that these correlations  results are from inconsistent and confounding social/ behavioural factors. Available intervention studies point out that by supplementing vitamin C, E, selenium, PUFA- rich fish oils, has no significant or any clinical benefit in relieving asthma. Unless further studies of ongoing planned trials are continued,  the practicality of diets effect on asthma are not notable, therefore drawing from available evidence, it is not suggested that people with asthma; including pregnant women, elderly, infants; need to supplement or change their diet dramatically to reduce further risks of asthma. It is recommended that a balance diet is consumed.

Below are some useful nursing interventions to assist with the care of a patient suffering from asthma:

1. Nurses should encourage asthma patients to eat healthy diet which may help in improvement of asthma condition.

2. Nurse should let the asthma patients know that there are very weak evidences to support any claims that specific vitamins such as A, C, D or E or any specific dietary supplement such as fish oil will be of particular help in asthma.

3. Asthma patients should focus on Australian recommended dietary requirement of 5 servings of vegetables and 2 servings of fruits a day with high fibre and antioxidant contents.

4.  Healthy dietary habit will also help to reduce obesity in asthma patients which will ultimately help in reduction of asthma exacerbation.

5. Any dietary restriction such as dairy products, wheat or low salt diet should not be recommended to any asthma patients.Thus nurse should encourage to avoid of any such dietary restrictions.

6. Mediterranean diet with limited ethanol is evident of reduced risk of asthma.

7. Consumption of fast food is linked to increase in asthma in developed world.

8. As a Nurse, relay evidence of possible food allergies to patients GP. This can confirm if there are any allergies or intolerances.

9.  Educate and promote the understanding of dietary triggers. It is a health professionals duty to reassure the patient that research is ongoing and still be conducted, to update specific dietary guidelines and their relation to the reduction of asthma exacerbations

Besides educating asthma patients on healthy diet, nurses should also encourage patients to continue their pharmaceutical interventions and avoidance of environmental pollutants that may trigger their asthma and also comply with Asthma Action Plan.

# data[].attributes.body
-1 in 10 Australian are affected by asthma = over 2million people.
-37,700 hospitalizations in 2013-2014 are due to asthma
-389 deaths are recorded in 2013 due to asthma
(Australia Institute of Health and Welfare, 2016)

# data[].attributes.body
Source: http://www.beyondanxietyanddepression.com/panic-attacks