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, OSLO, Norway, Oct 10 - The Nobel Peace Prize went Friday to 17-year-old Pakistani Malala Yousafzai and India's Kailash Satyarthi for their work promoting children's rights.
The Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded the prize saying that peaceful global development can only come about if children and the young are respected.
Malala is the youngest person to be awarded the globally prestigious annual prize.

"The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided that the Nobel Peace Prize for 2014 is to be awarded to Kailash Satyarthi and Malala Yousafzai for their struggle against the suppression of children and young people and for the right of all children to education," the jury said.

Malala Yousafzai - who survived being shot in the head by the Taliban in 2012 - was recognised for fighting for years for the right of girls to education, showing by example that children can contribute to improving their own situations.

"This she has done under the most dangerous circumstances," the committee said.

"Through her heroic struggle she has become a leading spokesperson for girls' rights to education."

It also said that the prize recognised work by Satyarthi to head various forms of protests and demonstrations, all peaceful, focusing on the grave exploitation of children for financial gain.

"Children must go to school and not be financially exploited," the committee said.

"In conflict-ridden areas in particular, the violation of children leads to the continuation of violence from generation to generation."

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Nobel Peace Prize to Pakistan's Malala and India's Satyarthi " Capital News

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OSLO, Norway, Oct 10 - The Nobel Peace Prize went Friday to 17-year-old Pakistani Malala Yousafzai and India's Kailash Satyarthi for their work promoting children's rights. The Norwegian Nobel Committee awarded the prize saying that peaceful global development can only come about if children and the young are respected.

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Lets Empower Women By Empowering Men - Rishab

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Lets Empower Women By Empowering Men - Rishab

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Sunday, March 8 marked International Women's Day, a celebration of women worldwide that dates back to 1977 when the UN General Assembly challenged its members to declare a day for women's rights and world peace. The 2015 theme is: 'Empowering Women, Empowering Humanity: Picture it!'

We must continue to empower women. Women continue to face disadvantages in almost all spheres. But if we want a gender equitable society, empowering women is not enough.

We must also 'Empower Men'
We must also empower men. Of course, not in the conventional sense by giving men more power over women. Rather, by empowering men to challenge prevailing norms and change their behaviors. This is logical even though it has not been the prevailing approach. Gender is a "system" and both women and men are integral parts of this system. If we want to see meaningful change, both men and women are implicated. It is not enough to enlighten and empower women and expect men to follow.

This is not an easy thing. Men are critically judged and assessed - by themselves, by their peers, by their elders and by most women themselves - based on the dominant ideals of manhood. And across many societies, this still means exercising control over women, being tough, being strong. It also means achieving something, as terms such as "man-up" suggest, and many men, including low-income men struggle with this societal expectation. If men can't achieve and don't conform to these societal expectations, they are often socially sanctioned, belittled or ridiculed.

Challenging norms and behaviors is thus a collective challenge for men. It is also a challenge for women, who consciously or unconsciously often perpetuate these same social norms in the way they raise their sons or interact with men.
Make Available Resource for Men
Most gender initiatives continue to focus on women. This is understandable. But as we argue, we need interventions targeting and supporting men for change.

The largest and most extensive resource available for men is MenEngage, a global alliance made up of dozens of country networks spread across many regions of the world, hundreds of non-governmental organizations, and UN partners, that provides a collective voice to engage men and boys on gender issues. There are also other smaller more localized interventions, with the most innovative programming coming from the fields of HIV/AIDS, reproductive health and family planning, parenting, and domestic violence.

But we need to do much more.

Central to this premise of engaging and empowering men for change is understanding and unbundling this homogenous term called 'men'. In the case of gender-based violence for example, we identified five groups of men, each with different needs and potential roles:

Men who are victims of violence: need to break their silence and seek help
Men who use violence: need to seek help
Men who are silence spectators: need to speak out
Men who speak out: need to become agents of change
Men who are agents of change: need to continue to speak out and mobilize others

In coming up with a typology, we see how acute the needs are in supporting men. For example, how many hotlines are out there to support the men that need help? There is much work to do.

Empower Women by Empowering Men

As we just celebrated International Women's Day, let us continue to recognize women for all the advances and contributions they have made. But let us also 'empower women by empowering men' and recognize that we need new approaches and huge efforts to achieve this objective.
For more information how to get involved in the WEvolve campaign visit the website http://www.wevolveglobal.org.
Also join the conversation on social media.

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Sunday, March 8 marked International Women's Day, a celebration of women worldwide that dates back to 1977 when the UN General Assembly challenged its members to declare a day for women's rights and world peace. The 2015 theme is: 'Empowering Women, Empowering Humanity: Picture it!' We must continue to empower women.

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Is education a civil right issue  - Eesha

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Is education a civil right issue  - Eesha

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Bowling Green Daily News

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New data released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis and U.S. Census Bureau shows a high correlation between interstate access and the effects of international and domestic migrations on population growth.

Metropolitan areas are seeing more growth while rural areas are steadily losing population. According to the census, Kentucky had a 2 percent population increase or 85,743 from 2010 to 2015 with 2.6 percent increase in the metropolitan statistical area of Warren, Butler, Edmonson and Allen counties, 1.6 percent increase in micropolitan statistical areas of Barren and Metcalfe and a 1.7 decrease in rural counties such as Monroe and Muhlenberg counties, according to Ron Crouch, director of research and statistics in the Office of Employment and Training.

The charts reflect how Kentucky's 15 districts and 120 counties are doing economically from the latest Bureau of Economic Analysis and U.S. Census Bureau population estimates from 2000 to 2010 and 2010 to 2015, which both show dramatic population changes occurring both for the United States and Kentucky with geographic detail including migration, natural increase and natural decrease numbers, according to Crouch.

"I guess the reality we're going to have to look at is we're seeing that more and more of the Kentucky population is in the urban areas versus the rural areas," he said. "It's difficult for an area to do well economically when they're losing population."

Western Kentucky University Associate Economics Professor Brian Strow said the general shift throughout American history has been population moving to already populated metro areas and we should just embrace the change.

"Cities historically are your engines of economic growth. Rather than fight against the economic winds of change, what we need to do is embrace the movement to urban areas and focus on improving those assets to provide jobs to as many Kentuckians as possible," Strow said.

The Barren River region is showing an overall population increase of 11,757 or 4.1 percent, with Warren County showing an increase of 9,070 or 8 percent since 2010. Allen County is showing a 3.4 percent increase, Butler County has a 2 percent increase, Edmonson County has a 1.3 decrease, Barren County has a 3.3 percent increase, Hart County has a 1.4 percent increase, Logan County has a 0.3 percent increase, Monroe County has a 2.7 percent decrease, Metcalfe County has a 1.9 percent decrease and Simpson County has a 3.9 percent increase.

Crouch said there is going to be an acceleration of rural areas losing population because birth rates are down and death rates will increase as the baby boomers continue to age. The natural increase of population was 4,588 in the Barren River region with the remaining 7,208 coming from a combination of international and domestic migration.

"There's a big (group of) anti-immigration out there, but the reality is with the birth rates going down and the death rates about to increase, immigration is major for the area to grow and stabilize," Crouch said.

International Center of Kentucky executive director Albert Mbanfu said the fact that immigration is vital in any economy cannot be ignored. He said that around Bowling Green there are immigrants and refugees that own restaurants, opened car dealerships, are seamstresses and have open their own workshops and many of them have bought their homes.

"Many immigrants have come to work as soon as three to four months on arrival and that helps Bowling Green's economy," Mbanfu said. "Because they work, they pay taxes as well, thereby contributing to the public revenue."

From April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2015, international migration contributed to the population change in Warren County by 2,502 of the total net migration of 5,801. Allen County had 42 international migrations out of 477, Barren County had 176 of 1,078, Butler County had 131 international migrations, but declined by 18 in domestic migrations, which left a total of 113 migrations.

Edmonson County had a decrease in population, but still had four international migrations with a domestic decline of 42. Hart County had 17 international migrations out of 68, Logan County had 14 international migrations, but domestic migrations declined by 353. The same goes for Metcalfe County that had nine international migrations, but had a 232 decline in domestic and Monroe County that had 44 international and a 216 decline in domestic. Simpson County had 13 international migrations out of 438.

Based on this information, it seems that international and domestic migrations is a significant factor in the population growth of an area. Overall, Kentucky had 34,455 international migrations since 2010 and 12,292 people leaving the state, which leaves a total of 22,163 migrations that contributed to the total population growth of 85,743 in the state over the last five years.

"Immigration is the fabric of the very existence of the United States of America," Mbanfu said. "It's a rich tradition that we cannot afford to lose."
- Follow faith/general assignments reporter Simone C. Payne on Twitter @_SimonePayne or visit bgdailynews.com.

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Immigration contributes to population increase in area

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New data released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis and U.S. Census Bureau shows a high correlation between interstate access and the effects of international and domestic migrations on population growth. Metropolitan areas are seeing more growth while rural areas are steadily losing population.

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Boko haram education conflict  - Eesha  

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Boko haram education conflict  - Eesha  

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Boko Haram Conflict Keeping Kids Out of School

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Boko Haram's attacks on schools, students and teachers in northeast Nigeria have had a devastating impact on education. The conflict has left nearly one million children with little or no access to school, and Nigeria's security forces have contributed to the problem by using schools as military bases, putting children at further risk of attack from the Islamist armed group.

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The school education landscape in India has witnessed massive changes since the previous National Policy on Education was formulated in 1986. Speaking at the National Stocktaking Convention on the Right to Education Act recently, vice-president Hamid Ansari voiced concern that while enrolment in elementary education has increased, education outcomes have declined, with abilities in reading, writing and other comprehensive skills deteriorating among children aged 6 to 14 years. As per the latest Annual Status of Education Report (ASER, 2014), about half of all Class V children in rural India were unable to read a simple paragraph or do basic math.

This challenge of chronically low learning levels has been articulated in the human resource development (HRD) ministry's approach document to the New Education Policy (NEP), and multiple questions have been posed. How do we ensure that children learn basic language and numerical skills? How can technology be leveraged to provide quality school education? Are teacher performance assessments needed to build a culture of accountability? What are the ways to improve community participation in school management?

These are not new questions, and while the HRD ministry has turned to extensive grassroots consultations for solutions, rigorous field research conducted over the past decade can also help to precisely answer some of these questions. A number of randomized impact evaluations conducted by researchers affiliated with Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (J-PAL) provide important insights on what works and what doesn't work to improve learning outcomes of children, which can help build a robust evidence-backed NEP.

Pedagogical solutions: Evidence suggests that one area of particular promise is pedagogical interventions aimed at targeting instruction to the learning level of the child. A fundamental barrier faced by many children in India, and several other developing countries, is the wide variation in learning levels among students in the same classroom. Randomized impact evaluations conducted by researchers over the past 15 years in India, Ghana and Kenya demonstrate that restructuring classes by learning level, rather than by age or grade, can help children gain basic maths and reading skills quickly.

Different versions of Pratham's Read India programme based on the above teaching-at-the-right-level approach have shown positive impacts on learning. In-school pull-out programmes and after-school reading classes led by community volunteers have proven to be successful, as have summer camps led jointly by government teachers and volunteers. A recent evaluation of this programme implemented in a classroom setting by government schoolteachers in rural Haryana, with monitoring and mentoring support from block officials and Pratham staff, showed significant improvements in basic Hindi skills. This has helped identify an evidence-backed scalable model for raising basic literacy and numeracy skills that can be implemented by government schoolteachers in a government school context.

Technological solutions that adapt to the level of understanding of the child may also be used to ensure that students gain basic competencies in reading and arithmetic. An evaluation of a computer-assisted learning programme in Gujarat wherein children played self-paced math games showed large improvements in student math scores. However, an important caveat, as shown by evaluations of the One Laptop per Child scheme in Peru and the Colombian government's Computers for Education programme , is that access to technology in and of itself does not ensure learning.

School governance: In addition to pedagogy, school governance factors have also demonstrated some success in moving the needle on learning levels. Studies conducted by J-PAL affiliated researchers show that incentivizing teacher presence and effort, and putting in place properly designed monitoring and accountability structures, can lead to significant gains in learning in certain contexts.

In primary schools run by the non-governmental organization Seva Mandir in rural Udaipur , monitoring attendance through daily photos of the teachers and linking teachers' salaries to their attendance was found to be effective in improving student test scores. Another programme in government schools in rural Andhra Pradesh that linked teachers' pay with their students test score performance also led to test score gains. However, the design of the incentive structure is critical; when incentives are tied to student learning outcomes, there may be a danger of "teaching to the test", as seen in an incentive programme for teachers in Kenya that raised test scores in the short-term, mainly due to an increase in test preparation rather than broader improvements in learning.

Recognizing the importance of community participation, India's RTE Act mandates the formation of school management committees, but existing evidence on the effectiveness of community monitoring is mixed. A study in rural Uttar Pradesh saw that simply informing Village Education Committees about the quality of government schools in their village and about their role and rights did not improve education outcomes. In contrast, a programme in Kenya where school management committees were trained and empowered to oversee recruitment of teachers as well as monitor them showed positive impact on learning outcomes.

Overall, the evidence suggests that well-designed reforms in pedagogy and school governance structures are critical to address India's learning crisis. Going ahead, as new solutions to this problem emerge, it is important to not only carefully ascertain their impact through rigorous research, but also ensure that as different models and innovations are evaluated and validated, lessons learnt from them find their way into our national policies in a timely manner.

Maya Escueta and Megha Pradhan are, respectively, senior policy and training manager, and policy and training manager for J-PAL South Asia at IFMR/CLEAR.

Comments are welcome at theirview@livemint.com

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The school education landscape in India has witnessed massive changes since the previous National Policy on Education was formulated in 1986. Speaking at the National Stocktaking Convention on the Right to Education Act recently, vice-president Hamid Ansari voiced concern that while enrolment in elementary education has increased, education outcomes have declined, with abilities in reading, writing and other comprehensive skills deteriorating among children aged 6 to 14 years.

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Gender inequality issues in India - Rishab

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Gender inequality issues in India - Rishab

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Gender Inequality

We proud Indians of 21 st century rejoice in celebrations when a boy is born, and if it is a girl, a muted or no celebrations is the norm. Love for a male child is so much so that from the times immemorial we are killing our daughters at birth or before birth, and if, fortunately, she is not killed we find various ways to discriminate against her throughout her life. Though our religious beliefs make women a goddess but we fail to recognize her as a human being first; we worship goddesses but we exploit girls. We are a society of people with double-standards as far as our attitude towards women is concerned; our thoughts and preaching are different than our actions. Let's try to understand the phenomenon of gender inequality and search for some solutions.

Definition and Concept of Gender Inequality

'Gender' is a socio-cultural term referring socially defined roles and behaviors assigned to 'males' and 'females' in a given society; whereas, the term 'sex' is a biological and physiological phenomenon which defines man and woman. In its social, historical and cultural aspects, gender is a function of power relationship between men and women where men are considered superior to women. Therefore, gender may be understood as a man-made concept, while 'sex' is natural or biological characteristics of human beings.

Gender Inequality, in simple words, may be defined as discrimination against women based on their sex. Women are traditionally considered by the society as weaker sex. She has been accorded a subordinate position to men. She is exploited, degraded, violated and discriminated both in our homes and in outside world. This peculiar type of discrimination against women is prevalent everywhere in the world and more so in Indian society.

Causes and Types of Gender Inequality in India

The root cause of gender inequality in Indian society lies in its patriarchy system. According to the famous sociologists Sylvia Walby, patriarchy is "a system of social structure and practices in which men dominate, oppress and exploit women". Women's exploitation is an age old cultural phenomenon of Indian society. The system of patriarchy finds its validity and sanction in our religious beliefs, whether it is Hindu, Muslim or any other religion.

For instance, as per ancient Hindu law giver Manu: "Women are supposed to be in the custody of their father when they are children, they must be under the custody of their husband when married and under the custody of her son in old age or as widows. In no circumstances she should be allowed to assert herself independently".

The above described position of women as per Manu is still the case in present modern day social structure. Barring few exceptions here and there, women have no power to take independent decisions either inside their homes or in outside world.

In Muslims also the situation is same and there too sanction for discrimination or subordination is provided by religious texts and Islamic traditions. Similarly in other religious beliefs also women are being discriminated against in one way or other.

The unfortunate part of gender inequality in our society is that the women too, through, continued socio-cultural conditioning, have accepted their subordinate position to men. And they are also part and parcel of same patriarchal system.

Extreme poverty and lack of education are also some of the reasons for women's low status in society. Poverty and lack of education derives countless women to work in low paying domestic service, organized prostitution or as migrant laborers. Women are not only getting unequal pay for equal or more work but also they are being offered only low skill jobs for which lower wages are paid. This has become a major form of inequality on the basis of gender.

Educating girl child is still seen as a bad investment because she is bound to get married and leave her paternal home one day. Thus, without having good education women are found lacking in present day's demanding job skills; whereas, each year's High School and 10+2 standard results show that girls are always doing better than boys. This shows that parents are not spending much after 10+2 standard on girl child and that's why they lack in job market.

Not only in education, in case of family food habits, it is the male child who gets all the nutritious and choicest foods while the girl child gets whatever is left behind after the male members have taken their meals or the food which is low in both quality and nutrition. And this becomes a major health issue in her later years. One of the main reasons for the high incidences of difficult births and anemia in women is the poor quality of food which a girl always gets either in her paternal home or in her in-laws as also is the excessive workload that they are made to bear from their early childhood.

So the inequality or discrimination against women is at various levels in the society, either in home or outside home.

Gender Inequality in India: Important Data
Global Indices:
Gender Inequality is also reflected in India's poor ranking in various global gender indices.

UNDP's Gender Inequality Index- 2014: India's ranking is 127 out of 152 countries in the List. This ranking is only above Afghanistan as far as SAARC countries are concerned.

World Economic Forum's Global Gender Gap Index- 2014: India's ranks at 114 in the list of 142 countries of the world. This Index examines gender gap in four major areas:

Economic participation and opportunity.

Educational achievements.

Health and life expectancy.

Political empowerment.

India's position on these indicators was as follows:

These two important Global Indices show the sorry state of affairs in India as far as gender equality is concerned. Only in case of 'Political Empowerment' India is doing fine which is a welcome sign. But other indices are very poor and a lot need to be done to improve the same.

Gender Inequality Statistics

Gender inequality manifests in varied ways. And as far as India is concerned the major indicators are as follows:

Female Foeticide

Female Infanticide

Child (0 to 6 age group) Sex Ratio: 919

Sex Ratio: 943

Female literacy:46%

Maternal Mortality Rate: 178 deaths per 100000 live births.

These above mentioned indicators are some of the important indices which show the status of women in our country.

Female foeticide and female infanticide are most inhuman of acts. And it is a shame that in India these practices are prevailing at large scale.

The data shows that despite the law in place viz Prenatal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Act, 1994 sex selective abortion is still on the rise. One estimate done by MacPherson shows that more than 100000 illegal abortions are being performed every year in India mainly for the reason that the featus is of girl child.

Due to this, there is an alarming trend which has come to the notice in 2011 census report; the report shows Child Sex-Ratio (i.e sex-ratio of children between the age group 0 to 6) at 919 which is 8 points lesser than the 2001 data of 927. The data indicates that sex-selective abortion is increasing in our country.

As far as overall sex-ratio is concerned, it's 943 in 2011 report as compared to 933 of 2001 which is 10 points increase. Though it is a good sign that overall sex ratio is increasing but it's still tilted against females.

Female literacy is at 65.46% in 2011 as against 82.14% of male literacy. This gap indicates a wide gender disparity in India that Indians do not give enough importance to the education of girls.

All these indicators points towards the sorry state of affairs in India regarding gender justice and women's human right. Though every year government starts various schemes and programs apart from existing ones for the benefit and empowerment of women but on the ground there are not enough visible changes. The change will appear only when the mind set of Indian society would change; when the society would start treating male and female on equal footing and when a girl would not be considered as a burden.

Legal and Constitutional Safeguards against Gender Inequality

Indian Constitution provides for positive efforts to eliminate gender inequality; the Preamble to the Constitution talks about goals of achieving social, economic and political justice to everyone and to provide equality of status and of opportunity to all its citizens. Further, women have equal right to vote in our political system. Article 15 of the Constitution provides for prohibition of discrimination on grounds of sex also apart from other grounds such as religion, race, caste or place of birth. Article 15(3) authorizes the Sate to make any special provision for women and children. Moreover, the Directive Principles of State Policy also provides various provisions which are for the benefit of women and provides safeguards against discrimination.

Other than these Constitutional safeguards, various protective Legislations have also been passed by the Parliament to eliminate exploitation of women and to give them equal status in society. For instance, the Sati (Prevention) Act, 1987 was enacted to abolish and make punishable the inhuman custom of Sati; the Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961 to eliminate the practice of dowry; the Special Marriage Act, 1954 to give rightful status to married couples who marry inter-caste or inter-religion; Pre-Natal Diagnostic Techniques (Regulation and Prevention of Misuse) Bill (introduced in Parliament in 1991, passed in 1994 to stop female infanticide and many more such Acts. Furthermore, the Parliament time to time brings out amendments to existing laws in order to give protection to women according to the changing needs of the society, for instance, Section 304-B was added to the Indian Penal Code, 1860 to make dowry-death or bride-burning a specific offence punishable with maximum punishment of life imprisonment.

So there are varied legislative safeguards and protection mechanisms for women but the ground reality is very different. Despite all these provisions women are still being treated as second rate citizens in our country; men are treating them as an object to fulfill their carnal desires; crimes against women are at alarming stage; the practice of dowry is still widely prevalent; female infanticide is a norm in our homes.

How we can Eliminate Gender Inequality

The list of legislations as well as types of discriminations or inequalities may go on but the real change will only come when the mentality of men will change; when the male species of human beings would start treating women as equal and not subordinate or weaker to them. In fact not only men but women also need to change their mindset as through cultural conditioning they have also become part of the same exploitative system of patriarchy and are playing a supportive role in furthering men's agenda of dominating women.

Therefore, what is needed is the movement for Women's empowerment where women can become economically independent and self-reliant; where they can fight their own fears and go out in the world fearless; where they can snatch their rights from the clutches of men and they don't have to ask for them; where women have good education, good career, ownership of property and above all where they have freedom of choice and also the freedom to make their own decisions without the bondages of age old saying of Manu.

Let's hope and wish that our participative democracy, in times to come, and with the efforts of both women and men, would be able to found solutions to the problem of gender inequality and would take us all towards our cherished dream of a truly modern society in both thought and action.
Related Information: Social Reformers of India For Students: Women Empowerment Women Empowerment Essay

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what are legal and constitutional safeguards against gender inequality

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suggestions to eliminate gender inequality

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Gender Inequality in India - Concept, Causes and Types

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We proud Indians of 21 st century rejoice in celebrations when a boy is born, and if it is a girl, a muted or no celebrations is the norm. Love for a male child is so much so that from the times immemorial we are killing our daughters at birth or before birth, and if, fortunately, she is not killed we find various ways to discriminate against her throughout her life.

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BBC - GCSE Bitesize: Global population growth

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A secondary school revision resource for GCSE Geography on how population numbers are influenced and change.

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How do we get do big so fast?

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7 Billion: How Did We Get So Big So Fast? | SKUNK BEAR

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MLA -  Ireland, Judith. "Gender Equality Begins at Home: Empty the Dishwasher, Guys." The Sydney Morning Herald. The Sydney Morning Herald, 1 May 2015. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.

Origin  -  The Sydney Morning Herald. (An Australian newspaper)

Purpose -  This source is good for statistics. This sources talks a lot about the gender pay gap, and the amount of work that women have to do, so that they are paid the same as men.. It has lots of statistical values, which are good to convey facts. I feel that these will help us when we present because our audience may find it easier to make conclusions or form opinions on what we are talking about if they see these statistics on the board, as it gives the viewer a more straightforward way to understand the information.

Validity -  This source is very relevant to our topics, as it talks a lot about the gender pay gap, which is one of the most dominant problems in gender inequality in developed states. Also it talks about women staying at home, and working as homemakers, which reflects upon population as it means that more women will be at home to take care of their kids. And this also reflects upon education, as women staying home might limit the chances that women can get if they work in industries of their choice. This may also set a different example to possible daughters in their family.

Limitations -  I am a bit confused on the reliability of this source, as from one side I see that it is an article written in a reputed newspaper journal. But on the other hand I can see some bias in the way the journalist writes, especially the way she comments about Barack Obama’s contribution to gender equality. I also feel that this article is in a forum kind of format, which again makes me feel concerned about the reliability.

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All of this makes the Australian situation look relatively rosy. Here, women do 311 minutes of unpaid care and domestic work a day, compared to 172 minutes for men. But this still sees ladies 1.8 times ahead of gentleman in their housework output.

This is not a problem just because doing the dishes is gross and folding the washing is never-endingly tedious. Or because, no matter their cuteness, looking after the kids can be extremely exhausting and frustrating.

The amount of unpaid work they do has a direct impact on women's economic security.

As UN Women point out, more time spent at home means less time to develop skills and experience that will land women a decent, steady job in the paid workforce. In the short-term, this means less income and less financial independence. Over the long-term, it means less superannuation and savings in later life.

In Australia, the workforce participation gap between men and women is 12.4 per cent, the pay gap is 18.8 per cent and the super gap is about 47 per cent.

This is not to argue that unpaid work, whether it be collecting water in Ethiopia or the kids from school in England, isn't important. Not only does the work at home support those in the paid workforce, it also provides actual public services like caring for children, the elderly and disabled. As of 2010, the unpaid care sector in Australia was worth an estimated $650 billion a year.

So it's work that needs to be done. It's just a question of how and who.

"Couples who share chores equally have more sex ... choreplay is real".
Facebook executive Sheryl Sandberg

Facebook executive Sheryl Sandberg recently argued that men should do more housework because, "couples who share chores equally have more sex ... choreplay is real". In an article in The New York Times, she also cited studies that said men who care for their children are more flexible, patient and happy with their jobs.

But the focus cannot be on whether men are getting sweet loving at home and satisfaction in the office.

At a (headbangingly​) basic level, the lack of balance in unpaid work continues to reinforce stereotypes about what is women's work and what is men's. And who has more power and importance.

As a 2012 International Labour Organisation report explains, the male-breadwinner/female-caregiver idea "distorts and limits human potential".

"If we are to make further progress towards gender equality, we have to address the fact that it is neither 'normal' nor 'natural' for women to be performing most of the unpaid labour."

And before you ask, no - the phenomenon of women doing more work cannot just be explained through a shrug of the shoulders that, "well, if a husband is out earning all the bacon, isn't it fair the wife makes the carbonara?"

Data from the Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia (HILDA) survey last year shows that women do more hours of paid employment, housework and childcare combined than men each week, regardless of whether the man is the main earner, the men and women earn equal amounts or the woman is the breadwinner.

Huh?

The Abbott government is desperate to get more women into work. This - rather than say, the development of little kids - is one of the driving reasons behind its new childcare package.

Boosting female employment was also singled out in the intergenerational report. And it was a headline 2014 G20 commitment to reduce the gap in workforce participation by 25 per cent by 2025. To do this, Australia will need to encourage an extra 200,000 women to work.

So far, along with nannies, the Coalition has talked about a jobs and small business strategy and tax reform to reach the magic number. Surely a much simpler, lower cost option would be to advise blokes to empty the dishwasher a bit more.

Perhaps the plethora of men out there who are advocates for women could be mobilised to the cause.

The UN Women's HeforShe campaign has seen almost 300,000 men, including Barack Obama, Tony Abbott and Matt Damon, come out to "stand up" to the discrimination faced by women and girls. To this we add the Human Rights Commission's "male champions of change", where leaders across business, the military and government, "champion" women's advancement in the workplace.

How powerful would it be if they all pledged to do half the work at home, if they are not already doing so?

And if every other Australian man did the same?

So often with social problems we look to the government to step in and provide funds, help and infrastructure. But housework and caring is one that requires no such assistance.

They say charity begins at home. It is not the only thing.

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Gender equality begins at home: empty the dishwasher, guys

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All of this makes the Australian situation look relatively rosy. Here, women do 311 minutes of unpaid care and domestic work a day, compared to 172 minutes for men. But this still sees ladies 1.8 times ahead of gentleman in their housework output.

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Millennium Development Goal 3 - Where do we stand - Rishab

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Millennium Development Goal 3 - Where do we stand - Rishab

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MLA -  United Nations. "Promote Gender Equality and Empower Women. Where Do We Stand?" UNDP. United Nations, n.d. Web.

Origin - The United Nations Development Program

Purpose - This source talks about the accomplishments of the United Nations, towards gender equality. It talks about all the action that the UN has taken to support the cause. It also talks about how gender equality has progressed over time. It talks about when gender equality was adopted, how it has changed, developed and built itself over time. It also tells us about the regions which have the most gender equality.

Validity- This is relevant because this source talks about how gender equality has developed over time, and about the regions most affected by it. This is relevant because when you look at the regions with the most or least gender equality, you have to keep the mindsets, cultures and beliefs of that region, which could also affect women's education in that region and it can be affected by women's education in that region.

Limitations- I think this is a reliable source because it has been published by the United Nations. This reassures me because the UN is an organization which works for the welfare of others, so there is a smaller chance of what they publish having bias, or incorrect information.