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Auditory

If you are an auditory learner, you learn by hearing and listening. You understand and remember things you have heard. You store information by the way it sounds, and you have an easier time understanding spoken instructions than written ones. You often learn by reading out loud because you have to hear it or speak it in order to know it.

As an auditory learner, you probably hum or talk to yourself or others if you become bored. People may think you are not paying attention, even though you may be hearing and understanding everything being said.

Here are some things that auditory learners like you can do to learn better.

Sit where you can hear.

Have your hearing checked on a regular basis.

Use flashcards to learn new words; read them out loud.

Read stories, assignments, or directions out loud.

Record yourself spelling words and then listen to the recording.

Have test questions read to you out loud.

Study new material by reading it out loud.

Remember that you need to hear things, not just see things, in order to learn well.

Visual

If you are a visual learner, you learn by reading or seeing pictures. You understand and remember things by sight. You can picture what you are learning in your head, and you learn best by using methods that are primarily visual. You like to see what you are learning.

As a visual learner, you are usually neat and clean. You often close your eyes to visualize or remember something, and you will find something to watch if you become bored. You may have difficulty with spoken directions and may be easily distracted by sounds. You are attracted to color and to spoken language (like stories) that is rich in imagery.

Here are some things that visual learners like you can do to learn better:

Sit near the front of the classroom. (It won't mean you're the teacher's pet!)

Have your eyesight checked on a regular basis.

Use flashcards to learn new words.

Try to visualize things that you hear or things that are read to you.

Write down key words, ideas, or instructions.

Draw pictures to help explain new concepts and then explain the pictures.

Color code things.

Avoid distractions during study times.

Remember that you need to see things, not just hear things, to learn well.

Tactile

If you are a tactile learner, you learn by touching and doing. You understand and remember things through physical movement. You are a "hands-on" learner who prefers to touch, move, build, or draw what you learn, and you tend to learn better when some type of physical activity is involved. You need to be active and take frequent breaks, you often speak with your hands and with gestures, and you may have difficulty sitting still.

As a tactile learner, you like to take things apart and put things together, and you tend to find reasons to tinker or move around when you become bored. You may be very well coordinated and have good athletic ability. You can easily remember things that were done but may have difficulty remembering what you saw or heard in the process. You often communicate by touching, and you appreciate physically expressed forms of encouragement, such as a pat on the back.

Here are some things that tactile learners like you can do to learn better:

Participate in activities that involve touching, building, moving, or drawing.

Do lots of hands-on activities like completing art projects, taking walks, or acting out stories.

It's OK to chew gum, walk around, or rock in a chair while reading or studying.

Use flashcards and arrange them in groups to show relationships between ideas.

Trace words with your finger to learn spelling (finger spelling).

Take frequent breaks during reading or studying periods (frequent, but not long).

It's OK to tap a pencil, shake your foot, or hold on to something while learning.

Use a computer to reinforce learning through the sense of touch.

Remember that you learn best by doing, not just by reading, seeing, or hearing.

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What's Your Learning Style? 20 Questions

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Auditory If you are an auditory learner, you learn by hearing and listening. You understand and remember things you have heard. You store information by the way it sounds, and you have an easier time understanding spoken instructions than written ones.

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What is a professional profile?

How to create a professional profile for your resume

Tips for writing your professional profile

Professional profile examples

A professional profile-or resume profile-is an important tool to consider when building your resume. It is a description that highlights your skills and expertise and it shows employers what assets you will bring to the role you are applying for. You might consider adding a professional profile section to your resume so that employers immediately see how you can benefit their company. This guide will help you write your professional profile and show you some examples that you can use to get started.

What is a professional profile?

A professional profile is an introductory section on your resume that highlights your relevant qualifications and skills. Including a professional profile can have some advantages. First, your resume profile concisely features your skills and professional experience in a way that gets employers' attention. Employers typically scan resumes and do not spend much time reading each one through. Because of this, your professional profile can be an effective way to quickly show your employer how you will be an asset to the position you're applying for.
Another benefit of including a professional profile is that you can highlight specific skills and expertise that employers require for a certain position. For example, an educator's professional profile might highlight classroom management, curriculum development and teaching skills when seeking an elementary school teaching position.

Related: Writing a Resume Summary (with Examples)

How to create a professional profile for your resume

Consider the following steps to craft a professional profile that makes your resume stand out:

1. Keep your profile short and concise

2. Include the skills that are relevant to the job you are applying for

3. Include any achievements relevant to the job industry

4. Place your profile where it's highly visible

1. Keep your profile short and concise

Your professional profile should be no more than four brief sentences. You may write your profile as a list in bullet form or as a short paragraph. Include your job title and years of work or training experience. Highlight your professional strengths for the role.

2. Include the skills that are relevant to the job you are applying for

Include only your professional skills and experience that are relevant to the job you're targeting. This is especially helpful if your skills and work history differ from your current career goals because it enables you to showcase the related expertise that hiring managers are looking for.

Related: 10 Best Skills to Include on a Resume

3. Include any achievements relevant to the job industry

If you have exceptional accomplishments-such as markedly improving sales results in your last position-include those in your professional profile. Quantifiable achievements show employers how you can contribute to the development of their company if they hire you for the role. For example, the details highlighted in this phrase, 'increased open rate for online campaigns by 17% in one year' shows an employer more of your ability than 'increased the open rate for online campaigns.'

Related: Listing Professional Experience on Your Resume

4. Place your profile where it's highly visible

Consider showcasing your professional profile at the top of your resume, above your work and education history. Hiring managers and recruiters typically scan the top parts of resumes first.

Tips for writing your professional profile

Here are some additional tips to consider when writing your profile.

Include quantifiable results that show how you perform on work tasks. For example, 'developed and implemented data backup and recovery systems that accounted for 20% of XYZ's cyber security software' is more effective than 'developed and implemented data backup and recovery systems for Company XYZ.'

Choose your words carefully. Keep your profile wording simple and free from figurative language, metaphors and other vague language.

Be yourself in your profile. If a word doesn't feel right to use for describing yourself, use a different word that will encompass your professional values and skills.

Professional profile examples

The purpose of your professional profile is to show how your skills and work experience will meet the requirements of the job. The skills you include should be specific to your desired position. The following list shows examples of professional profiles for a variety of industries:

IT professional profiles

Medical professional profiles

Sales and marketing professional profiles

Construction professional profiles

Education professional profiles

Engineering and design professional profiles

Legal industry professional profiles

News and media professional profiles

IT professional profiles

The information technology industry includes positions like web developers, software engineers, technology consultants and cyber security technicians. Skills that are required in the IT industry may include application development, communications, networks such as IP setup and cloud systems administration.

Example: 'Results-driven professional with repeated success in guiding IT projects from start to finish, managing technical support operations and introducing new technologies to promote operational efficiency.'

Medical professional profiles

Medical industry jobs can include physicians, nurses, CNAs and emergency medical technicians. Many jobs in the medical and health care industries require professionals to have strong communication and interpersonal skills, organizational skills and the ability to remain calm under pressure. Medical roles also require a high amount of empathy and compassion to care for patients.

Example: 'Registered nurse of 10 years with expertise in intensive care nursing. Organized and detail-oriented with high standards of performance and support of treatment plans and protocols. Compassionate and patient-focused caregiver.'

Sales and marketing professional profiles

The sales and marketing industry includes roles such as sales and account managers, outside sales representatives, project managers and marketing directors. Skills in this field require communication and interpersonal skills, business skills, building and maintaining customer relationships and active listening.

Example: ' Sales and marketing manager with experience in leveraging consultative selling strategies that build relationships across all target markets. Deep knowledge of marketing campaign development and implementation of training programs for new hires.'

Related: Communication Skills: Definitions and Examples

Construction professional profiles

Construction is a vast industry with many different roles that can include construction site management, laborers, carpentry, road technicians and plumbers. Construction roles typically require physical labor, but there are many skills necessary for success in a construction career. Some required skills include math and language literacy, building and mechanical knowledge, technology and critical thinking skills.

Example: ' Seasoned drywall technician with over six years of experience working in residential and commercial construction. Efficient worker deeply familiar with interpreting blueprints and technical specifications for successful drywall installation and repair.'

Education professional profiles

Jobs in education may frequently include administrative positions like principals, assistant principals and office staff, instructional positions, paraprofessionals, teachers' aids and professors. Education workers require a variety of skills that can include management and organizational skills, leadership, curriculum planning and development, lesson implementation, interpersonal skills and relationship-building strategies within the community.

Example: ' Veteran teacher with 15 years of experience planning and implementing algebra curriculum to students with disabilities. Passionate and highly effective with success in instructional strategies to develop students' academic skills and raise test scores.'

Engineering and design professional profiles

This industry can often overlap with construction and includes jobs like drafting and CAD operations, machinists, civil engineers, aerospace engineers and technical engineers. Technological skills are almost always required for engineering and design roles. Other requirements typically include spatial skills, critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

Example: 'Mechanical engineer with 10 years of experience in materials innovation, maintenance, production and design. Strong attention to detail with considerable leadership abilities.'

Legal industry professional profiles

Attorneys and paralegals are the most common roles in law practice. Other industry roles can include arbitrators, legal analysts, case managers and jury consultants. Legal jobs require a strong knowledge of laws and complex language, interpersonal skills, organizational and administrative skills, active listening and logical reasoning skills.

Example: ' Innovative lawyer experienced with developing case strategies and writing persuasive briefs. Exceptional negotiator deeply familiar with litigation and case management.'

News and media professional profiles

This industry encompasses roles such as journalists, news anchors, directors, editors and camera operators. The desirable skills generally include public relations and speaking skills, audience engagement and the ability to deliver clear, effective messages.

Example: ' TV news copy editor with exceptional editing skills and attention to detail. Extensive experience leading a team of content editors and writers in providing current and engaging text to meet company standards.'

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How to Write a Professional Profile (With Examples)

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What is a professional profile? How to create a professional profile for your resume Tips for writing your professional profile Professional profile examples A professional profile-or resume profile-is an important tool to consider when building your resume. It is a description that highlights your skills and expertise and it shows employers what assets you will bring to the role you are applying for.

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Pew Research Center's Social & Demographic Trends Project

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One-in-ten eligible voters in the 2020 electorate will be part of a new generation of Americans - Generation Z. Born after 1996, most members of this generation are not yet old enough to vote, but as the oldest among them turn 23 this year, roughly 24 million will have the opportunity to cast a ballot in November. And their political clout will continue to grow steadily in the coming years, as more and more of them reach voting age.

Unlike the Millennials - who came of age during the Great Recession - this new generation was in line to inherit a strong economy with record-low unemployment. That has all changed now, as COVID-19 has reshaped the country's social, political and economic landscape. Instead of looking ahead to a world of opportunities, Gen Z now peers into an uncertain future.

There are already signs that the oldest Gen Zers have been particularly hard hit in the early weeks and months of the coronavirus crisis. In a March 2020 Pew Research Center survey, half of the oldest Gen Zers (ages 18 to 23) reported that they or someone in their household had lost a job or taken a cut in pay because of the outbreak. This was significantly higher than the shares of Millennials (40%), Gen Xers (36%) and Baby Boomers (25%) who said the same. In addition, an analysis of jobs data showed that young workers were particularly vulnerable to job loss before the coronavirus outbreak, as they were overrepresented in high-risk service sector industries.

Aside from the unique set of circumstances in which Gen Z is approaching adulthood, what do we know about this new generation? We know it's different from previous generations in some important ways, but similar in many ways to the Millennial generation that came before it. Members of Gen Z are more racially and ethnically diverse than any previous generation, and they are on track to be the most well-educated generation yet. They are also digital natives who have little or no memory of the world as it existed before smartphones.

Still, when it comes to their views on key social and policy issues, they look very much like Millennials. Pew Research Center surveys conducted in the fall of 2018 (more than a year before the coronavirus outbreak) among Americans ages 13 and older found that, similar to Millennials, Gen Zers are progressive and pro-government, most see the country's growing racial and ethnic diversity as a good thing, and they're less likely than older generations to see the United States as superior to other nations.

A look at how Gen Z voters view the Trump presidency provides further insight into their political beliefs. A Pew Research Center survey conducted in January of this year found that about a quarter of registered voters ages 18 to 23 (22%) approved of how Donald Trump is handling his job as president, while about three-quarters disapproved (77%). Millennial voters were only slightly more likely to approve of Trump (32%) while 42% of Gen X voters, 48% of Baby Boomers and 57% of those in the Silent Generation approved of the job he's doing as president.

Gen Z is more racially and ethnically diverse than previous generations

Generation Z represents the leading edge of the country's changing racial and ethnic makeup. A bare majority (52%) are non-Hispanic white - significantly smaller than the share of Millennials who were non-Hispanic white in 2002 (61%). One-in-four Gen Zers are Hispanic, 14% are black, 6% are Asian and 5% are some other race or two or more races.

Gen Zers are slightly less likely than Millennials to be immigrants: 6% were born outside of the U.S., compared with 7% of Millennials at the same age. But they are more likely to be the children of immigrants: 22% of Gen Zers have at least one immigrant parent (compared with 14% of Millennials). Even as immigration flows into the U.S. have diminished in recent years, new immigrants will join the ranks of Gen Z in the years to come. As a result, this generation is projected to become majority nonwhite by 2026, according to Census Bureau projections.

In some regions of the U.S., Gen Z has already crossed this threshold. In the West, only 40% of Gen Zers are non-Hispanic white. Just as many are Hispanic, while 4% are black, 10% are Asian and 6% are some other race. In the South, 46% of Gen Zers are non-Hispanic white. Minority representation is lowest in the Midwest, where more than two-thirds of Gen Zers (68%) are non-Hispanic white.

Gen Z on track to be the best-educated generation yet

A look at older members of Generation Z suggests they are on a somewhat different educational trajectory than the generations that came before them. They are less likely to drop out of high school and more likely to be enrolled in college. Among 18- to 21-year-olds no longer in high school in 2018, 57% were enrolled in a two-year or four-year college. This compares with 52% among Millennials in 2003 and 43% among members of Gen X in 1987.

These changing educational patterns are tied to changes in immigration especially among Hispanics. Gen Z Hispanics are less likely than Millennial Hispanics to be immigrants, and previous research has shown that second-generation Hispanic youth are less likely to drop out of high school and more likely to attend college than foreign-born Hispanic youth.

Gen Zers are also more likely to have a college-educated parent than are previous generations of young people. In 2019, 44% of Gen Zers ages 7 to 17 were living with a parent who had a bachelor's degree or more education, compared with 33% of Millennials when they were the same age. Both of these trends reflect the overall trend toward more Americans pursuing higher education.

Perhaps because they are more likely to be engaged in educational endeavors, Gen Zers are less likely to be working than previous generations when they were teens and young adults. Only 18% of Gen Z teens (ages 15 to 17) were employed in 2018, compared with 27% of Millennial teens in 2002 and 41% of Gen Xers in 1986. And among young adults ages 18 to 22, while 62% of Gen Zers were employed in 2018, higher shares of Millennials (71%) and Gen Xers (79%) were working when they were a comparable age.

Gen Zers and Millennials have similar viewpoints on many major issues of the day

The views of Gen Z mirror those of Millennials in many ways. Still, survey data collected in 2018 (well before the coronavirus outbreak) shows that there are places where this younger generation stands out as having a somewhat different outlook.

For example, members of Gen Z are more likely than older generations to look to government to solve problems, rather than businesses and individuals. Fully seven-in-ten Gen Zers say the government should do more to solve problems, while 29% say government is doing too many things better left to businesses and individuals. A somewhat smaller share of Millennials (64%) say government should do more to solve problems, and this view is even less prevalent among older generations (53% of Gen Xers, 49% of Boomers and 39% of Silents).

For the most part, however, Gen Zers and Millennials share similar views on issues facing the country. These younger generations are more likely than their older counterparts to say the earth is getting warmer due to human activity: 54% of Gen Z and 56% of Millennials say this, compared with smaller shares of Gen Xers, Boomers and Silents (48%, 45% and 38%, respectively).

When it comes to race relations, Gen Zers and Millennials are about equally likely to say that blacks are treated less fairly than whites in this country. Roughly two-thirds of Gen Zers and Millennials say this, compared with about half of Gen Xers and Boomers and smaller shares among the Silent Generation.

Younger generations also share a different view of the U.S. relative to other countries in the world. Gen Zers (14%) and Millennials (13%) are less likely than Gen Xers (20%), Boomers (30%) or Silents (45%) to say the U.S. is better than all other countries. Still, pluralities of every generation except the Silent Generation say the U.S. is one of the best countries in the world along with some others.

Within the GOP, Gen Zers have sharp differences with their elders

Among Republicans and those who lean to the Republican Party, there are striking differences between Generation Z and older generations on social and political issues. In their views on race, Gen Z Republicans are more likely than older generations of Republicans to say blacks are treated less fairly than whites in the U.S. today. Fully 43% of Republican Gen Zers say this, compared with 30% of Millennial Republicans and roughly two-in-ten Gen X, Boomer and Silent Generation Republicans. Views are much more consistent across generations among Democrats and Democratic leaners.

Similarly, the youngest Republicans stand out in their views on the role of government and the causes of climate change. Gen Z Republicans are much more likely than older generations of Republicans to desire an increased government role in solving problems. About half (52%) of Republican Gen Zers say government should do more, compared with 38% of Millennials, 29% of Gen Xers and even smaller shares among older generations. And the youngest Republicans are less likely than their older counterparts to attribute the earth's warming temperatures to natural patterns, as opposed to human activity (18% of Gen Z Republicans say this, compared with three-in-ten or more among older generations of Republicans).

Overall, members of Gen Z look similar to Millennials in their political preferences, particularly when it comes to the upcoming 2020 election. Among registered voters, a January Pew Research Center survey found that 61% of Gen Z voters (ages 18 to 23) said they were definitely or probably going to vote for the Democratic candidate for president in the 2020 election, while about a quarter (22%) said they were planning to vote for Trump. Millennial voters, similarly, were much more likely to say they plan to support a Democrat in November than Trump (58% vs. 25%). Larger shares of Gen X voters (37%), Boomers (44%) and Silents (53%) said they plan to support President Trump.

Younger generations see family, societal change as a good thing

Across a number of measures, Gen Zers and Millennials stand out from older generations in their views of family and societal change. Roughly half of Gen Zers (48%) and Millennials (47%) say gay and lesbian couples being allowed to marry is a good thing for our society. By comparison, only one-third of Gen Xers and about one-quarter of Boomers (27%) say this is a good thing. Pluralities of Boomers and Gen Xers say it doesn't make a difference. Members of the Silent Generation are the most likely to view this as a bad thing for society.

There is a similar pattern in views of people of different races marrying each other, with larger shares of Millennials and Gen Zers saying this is a good thing for our society, compared with older generations. Very few across generations say this is a bad thing for society.

Gen Zers and Millennials are less likely than older generations to say that single women raising children on their own is a bad thing for society. Still, relatively few in both generations say this is a good thing for society, while about half say it doesn't make much difference (roughly similar to the shares among older generations).

When it comes to their own home life, the experiences of Gen Z reflect, in part, broad trends that have reshaped the American family in recent decades. According to a Pew Research Center analysis of Census Bureau data, about three-in-ten (29%) live in a household with an unmarried parent while 66% live with two married parents. A roughly comparable share of Millennials (69%) lived with two married parents at a similar age, but the shares among Gen Xers and Boomers were significantly larger (72% and 86%). Of those Gen Zers who are living with two married parents, in most cases both of those parents are in the labor force (64%). This compares with a slightly higher share of Millennials who were living with two parents at a comparable age (66% had two parents in the labor force) and a slightly lower share of Gen Xers (61%).

Generations differ in their familiarity and comfort with using gender-neutral pronouns

Ideas about gender identity are rapidly changing in the U.S., and Gen Z is at the front end of those changes. Gen Zers are much more likely than those in older generations to say they personally know someone who prefers to go by gender-neutral pronouns, with 35% saying so, compared with 25% of Millennials, 16% of Gen Xers, 12% of Boomers and just 7% of Silents. This generational pattern is evident among both Democrats and Republicans.

There are also stark generational differences in views of how gender options are presented on official documents. Gen Z is by far the most likely to say that when a form or online profile asks about a person's gender it should include options other than "man" and "woman." About six-in-ten Gen Zers (59%) say forms or online profiles should include additional gender options, compared with half of Millennials, about four-in-ten Gen Xers and Boomers (40% and 37%, respectively) and roughly a third of those in the Silent Generation (32%).

These views vary widely along partisan lines, and there are generational differences within each party coalition. But those differences are sharpest among Republicans: About four-in-ten Republican Gen Zers (41%) think forms should include additional gender options, compared with 27% of Republican Millennials, 17% of Gen Xers and Boomers and 16% of Silents. Among Democrats, half or more in all generations say this.

Gen Zers are similar to Millennials in their comfort with using gender-neutral pronouns. Both groups express somewhat higher levels of comfort than other generations, though generational differences on this question are fairly modest. Majorities of Gen Zers and Millennials say they would feel "very" or "somewhat" comfortable using a gender-neutral pronoun to refer to someone if asked to do so. By comparison, Gen Xers and Boomers are about evenly divided: About as many say they would feel at least somewhat comfortable (49% and 50%, respectively) as say they would be uncomfortable.

Members of Gen Z are also similar to Millennials in their views on society's acceptance of those who do not identify as a man or a woman. Roughly half of Gen Zers (50%) and Millennials (47%) think that society is not accepting enough of these individuals. Smaller shares of Gen Xers (39%), Boomers (36%) and those in the Silent Generation (32%) say the same.

Here again there are large partisan gaps, and Gen Z Republicans stand apart from other generations of Republicans in their views. About three-in-ten Republican Gen Zers (28%) say that society is not accepting enough of people who don't identify as a man or woman, compared with two-in-ten Millennials, 15% of Gen Xers, 13% of Boomers and 11% of Silents. Democrats' views are nearly uniform across generations in saying that society is not accepting enough of people who don't identify as a man or a woman.

Teens and technology

Looking at the relationship American teens have with technology provides a window into the experiences of a significant segment of Generation Z. According to a 2018 Pew Research Center survey, 95% of 13- to 17-year-olds have access to a smartphone, and a similar share (97%) use at least one of seven major online platforms.

YouTube, Instagram and Snapchat are among teens' favorite online destinations. Some 85% say they use YouTube, 72% use Instagram and 69% use Snapchat. Facebook is less popular with teens - 51% say they use this social media site. Some 45% of teens say they are online "almost constantly," and an additional 44% say they're online several times a day.

Some researchers have suggested that the growing amount of time teens are spending on their mobile devices, and specifically on social media, is contributing to the growth in anxiety and depression among this group. Teens have mixed views on whether social media has had a positive or negative effect on their generation. About three-in-ten (31%) say the effect on people their own age has been mostly positive, 24% say it's been mostly negative, and 45% say it's been neither positive nor negative.

Many teens who say social media has had a positive effect say a major reason they feel this way is because it helps them stay connected with friends and family (40% of teens who say social media has a mostly positive effect say this). For those who see the effect of social media as negative, the most common reason cited is that it leads to bullying and rumor spreading (27% of teens who say social media has a mostly negative effect say this).

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On the Cusp of Adulthood and Facing an Uncertain Future: What We Know About Gen Z So Far

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Born after 1996, the oldest Gen Zers will turn 23 this year. They are racially and ethnically diverse, progressive and pro-government, and more than 20 million will be eligible to vote in November.

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New LinkedIn data shows how gen Z is recalibrating the norms of work

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As its members begin entering the workforce, gen Z is now the fastest-growing demographic on LinkedIn. But members of this generational cohort are not using LinkedIn in the same ways as their predecessors, as their values, priorities and views regarding work and professionalism are uniquely theirs. It's time for brands hoping to engage with and gain the loyalty of gen Z audiences to start taking notes.
Exclusive data shared with The Drum reveals that gen Zers, who by 2025 will comprise 27% of the workforce, are increasingly turning to social media for professional development, learning, networking and commerce opportunities. And while the social network-loving cohort of 9-24-year-olds are most often associated with TikTok and Instagram, they're increasingly flocking to LinkedIn.

The pandemic has only accelerated this shift; on LinkedIn, the total number of engagements by gen Zers is today more than two-and-a-half times higher than it was in early 2020. And with 78 million gen Zers on LinkedIn today, the demographic already represents 10% of the platform's total user base. Based on current data, that number is likely to continue growing in the coming years.

But these youthful users aren't using LinkedIn in the same ways as their predecessors, and they are navigating the digital world in ways that are shaped by and also subsequently inform their values, beliefs and priorities. And their decisions are not without consequence.

"Gen Z's economic power is rising fast and will reshape our economy and social norms," says Lisa Sy, insights analyst at LinkedIn Marketing Solutions. She notes that these changes could include major disruptions to wages, consumption habits, housing and investment. "Gen Z is expected to maintain significant shifts in what they buy and how they spend, and companies now have a major need to keep up with trends to captivate these consumers."

So how are gen Z's digital habits shaping up, and how are these habits expected to impact larger market movements? And how can brands engage this diverse segment of consumers in meaningful, value-adding ways?

Gen Zers are next-level, social creatures

LinkedIn's new data indicates that gen Zers are, by and large, more engaged with social platforms than millennials. More than seven in 10 gen Zers spend over an hour on social media every day, and their use, on average, outpaces that of millennials by about an hour.

Their access point of choice is mobile, with 75% reporting that they use a smartphone more often than any other device. That said, gen Zers are comfortable switching between device types - and 66% use multiple devices at a time.

And it's not just Snap and TikTok capturing gen Zers' time and attention. 70% of gen Zers say that content shared on the social platform is relevant to them and 80% say that LinkedIn is a brand they trust.

And in some ways, it makes sense. Gen Zers are digital natives, and LinkedIn has become cemented into the digital zeitgeist. "[Around the age that] millennials received Facebook ... gen Z received LinkedIn," says Dylan Gambardella, the 25-year-old chief executive and co-founder of Next Gen HQ, a gen Z-focused leadership consultancy. "They don't really know a world without LinkedIn as a tool for connecting, for recruiting, for personal branding. Knowing that aspect, LinkedIn is almost a necessity to the level that having a Facebook profile may have been 10 or 12 years ago."

How gen Zers use LinkedIn

Young people, who are increasingly joining the social platform during or following high school, are using LinkedIn more than other social media for purposes related to networking, research and learning.

36% of gen Zers report using LinkedIn for work-related networking and research, compared to just 26% who use other social platforms for the same purpose. 46% use LinkedIn for reading news stories, versus 39% who turn to other social platforms. Somewhat surprisingly, 4% more gen Zers say they use LinkedIn rather than other social sites for finding products to purchase.

They also use LinkedIn to learn and develop their own personal and professional abilities. In fact, 74% of gen Z LinkedIn users say they want to learn new skills. Among the most popular LinkedIn courses taken by young people are courses on Microsoft Excel, project management, data structuring and data visualization softwares, coding language basics and search engine optimization. Taken together, this data suggests that gen Zers who are investing in online learning via LinkedIn are primarily aiming to develop digital and analytical skills.

Gen Zers' digital habits reflect their values

Gen Zers' habits on LinkedIn evidence the generation's overarching ambition and interest in professional development. Compared to users on other social platforms, including Twitter, Facebook, Instagram and TikTok, young LinkedIn users express greater interest in finance, investment and business. 73% express a desire to be successful and 72% say they want to be financially secure. They are also concerned about the challenges they may face in achieving professional success and satisfaction - nearly eight in 10 think they will need to 'work harder' than other generations in order to enjoy a fulfilling career.

"Overall, this generational cohort has its own wants and needs distinct from other generations," says Sy. She points out that not only are they financially savvy and prepared to make well-researched decisions, but that they are also "socially conscious, and value diversity and equity."

And though young people are using LinkedIn at an accelerating rate, their values and priorities - especially concerning work - also inform how they view the platform itself and how they think about navigating career development. For instance, gen Zers are increasingly embracing the gig economy; some 50% of gen Zers freelanced in 2020. The sea change has led to upticks in the use of freelance-focused sites including Upwork and Fiverr.

In fact, while millennials have disrupted traditional labor norms by jumping from job to job, gen Zers are in some ways upending the traditional working model entirely. This of course affects how they think about tools such as LinkedIn. Larry Milstein, co-founder at gen Z marketing consultancy PRZM, for one, says that while gen Zers' proclivity for digital communication drives them to use LinkedIn and other social platforms to uncover new opportunities, these platforms should take note that things are changing. "Given the ways in which gen Z has often challenged conventional career trajectories, LinkedIn will need to continue evolving in order to capture the multi-hyphenate nature in which gen Z self-expresses, including our work interests and personal achievements," he says. "Rather than relying on a one-page CV or cover letter, gen Zers also seek out alternative ways to demonstrate our skills for potential opportunities, whether building a visual portfolio on Instagram or producing resumes on TikTok."

In many ways, LinkedIn has already made changes to better accommodate and attract young users - which may account in some part for the platform's growing gen Z user base. "For example," says Sy, "gen Z likes to communicate more through video instead of text, so we've added more features to members' profiles to include video cover stories."

She also points to features such as 'Creator Mode,' which offers content creators tools to more seamlessly share their ideas and insights with followers. Earlier this year, the platform also introduced a new tool that gives users the ability to add their gender pronouns to their profile. Sy says this feature empowers users to "showcase [their] individuality" and speaks to young people's comfort with gender neutrality and fluidity.

The degree to which LinkedIn evolves to further appeal to gen Zers' demand for unconventional career paths and new modes of working remains to be seen.

How brands can connect with gen Zers on LinkedIn

It's clear that gen Zers have established not only their own values, but modes of interacting online and habits for skills development and career advancement as well. Their priorities and approach to work are radically different from those of generations before them. And their impact in the marketplace, as of now, is only just being made apparent.

"As they join the workforce," says Sy, "their income is estimated to rise more than fivefold to $33tn by 2030, and in turn so will their collective purchasing power. It's clear that gen Z will soon be the largest consumer segment, disrupting not just the economy but political and social systems."

In order to connect with these young consumers and capture some of their growing influence, Gambardella and Milstein - both gen Zers themselves - recommend that brands focus on one factor in particular: authenticity.

"Authenticity ... is the big word. You have to be authentic, you have to own your brand, your personality, your values, what you stand by," Gambardella says. "Be transparent and be authentic. If not, gen Zers see through that. And that is more apparent than ever in the digital age."

Milstein suggests that a surefire approach entails collaborating with gen Z audiences. "Brands should recognize the importance of not just 'winning' the gen Z consumer, but bringing us in as true partners in the marketing process," he says. "It is often pretty clear when campaigns try to mimic gen Z trends and internet-speak without fully understanding the broader context, which can often yield pretty 'cringe' results. Authenticity is key to gen Z, so an easy first step is ensuring our voices are included in the conversation."
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New LinkedIn data shows how gen Z is recalibrating the norms of work

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As its members begin entering the workforce, gen Z is now the fastest-growing demographic on LinkedIn. But members of this generational cohort are not using LinkedIn in the same ways as their predecessors, as their values, priorities and views regarding work and professionalism are uniquely theirs.

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By Robert Williams November 15, 2021 17:21

Following Daniel Lee's abrupt departure from Bottega Veneta in the middle of a successful turnaround, owner Kering has moved quickly to name a successor, designer Matthieu Blazy - a respected behind-the-scenes figure who was already waiting in the wings.

Blazy, a former Raf Simons deputy who joined Bottega Veneta in the role of design director last year, will become creative director of the house effective immediately, owner Kering said in a statement Monday.

Blazy worked under Simons at his namesake brand and at Calvin Klein, in addition to working under Phoebe Philo at Celine. He also previously served as the designer of Maison Margiela's "Artisanal" couture line.

While he remains unknown to consumers, Blazy has built a reputation among fashion insiders during those key roles. His identity was kept secret during his years at Maison Martin Margiela as the house attempted to maintain the anonymous positioning in the wake of its founder's departure, until being unmasked in an article by critic Suzy Menkes.

The quick appointment points to a desire by Bottega and its corporate parent, Kering, to show consumers and investors that there would be continuity at the brand despite Lee's surprise departure. Bottega's comparable revenue rose 2.2 percent in 2019, then managed to accelerate last year despite the coronavirus pandemic hammering luxury sales. Last week, Kering's stock dipped when Lee's exit was announced, though it quickly recovered.

While Kering's bold revamp of Gucci under designer Alessandro Michele and chief executive Marco Bizzari since 2016 has won the group a reputation for supporting radical aesthetic overhauls, the company has also shown it can keep the momentum going through evolution rather than revolution following a designer change: Since Hedi Slimane's 2016 departure from Saint Laurent, Anthony Vaccarello has transitioned to a more feminine, sexed-up exploration of the brand's archives while mostly sticking to his predecessor's monochrome marketing template.

Kering could opt for similar tactics at Bottega Veneta. In addition to having already been onboarded at the brand, Blazy's references could have significant overlap with Lee's after similar experiences including two years working together under Phoebe Philo at Celine. He's not the only former Simons deputy to find himself atop a storied brand: Pieter Mulier became creative director of Paris-based Alaïa this year.

Lee's departure, announced last week, came as the fashion industry had broadly embraced his tactile, sensual update of the brand.

Since 2018, Lee had worked to refresh Bottega Veneta's line-up of recognizable signatures while retaining its logo-free positioning: ultra-soft clutches, square-toed pumps and a lurid, special-effects-screen green repopulated the brand's vocabulary, as well as a push to play with the texture and proportions of the classic Intrecciato.

"The very solid foundations, specific codes and unique identity of Bottega Veneta enable us to nurture great ambitions for the future of this luxury house," Kering's chairman and chief executive officer François-Henri Pinault said in a statement. "I am confident that Matthieu Blazy's wealth of experience and broad cultural background will allow him to bring his creative impetus to the task of carrying on the legacy of Bottega Veneta."
Learn More: Daniel Lee Exits Bottega Veneta, Leaving Few Clues For What's Next Unmasking Matthieu Blazy at Margiela

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Who Is Matthieu Blazy, Bottega Veneta's New Creative Director?

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By Robert Williams November 15, 2021 17:21 Following Daniel Lee's abrupt departure from Bottega Veneta in the middle of a successful turnaround, owner Kering has moved quickly to name a successor, designer Matthieu Blazy - a respected behind-the-scenes figure who was already waiting in the wings.

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Harry Styles has unveiled his latest photo-shoot for Dazed magazine, and it's fair to say he's taking his "more is more" approach to fashion to new levels.

While the Grammy-winning star has never exactly been a "jeans and a nice top" type, his new Dazed shoot is perhaps most elaborate to date, and we're very much here for it.

Over the course of the extensive, maximalist shoot, Harry can be seen sporting everything from a hooded, knitted lime green dress with heels to a floor-length padded coat, which he's matched with a top hat and polka dot tights:

In another of the more low-key shots, Harry strikes a pose in a sleeveless suit (though he's still wearing fishnets and a kitten heel, of course), while our personal favourite is probably this The-Babadook-meets-Black-Swan moment:

Then, there's the actual magazine cover itself, which sees the Watermelon Sugar singing in purple trousers and a black tanktop with huge cut-outs, while standing over a motorbike.

In other words: you're welcome.

Since his days in One Direction, Harry has been known for taking risks when it comes to his fashion, but in the last 12 months he's taken things up a fair few notches.

In November 2020, he made headlines when he became the first man to appear solo on the cover of Vogue, posing in a Gucci dress and matching jacket for the occasion in a series of photos.

Read Harry Styles' full interview with Dazed in their Winter 2021 issue.

Entertainment Editor

uk celebrity harry styles

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Harry Styles' New Photo-Shoot Takes His OTT Fashion To New Levels And We're Absolutely Here For It

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Harry Styles has unveiled his latest photo-shoot for Dazed magazine, and it's fair to say he's taking his "more is more" approach to fashion to new levels. While the Grammy-winning star has never exactly been a "jeans and a nice top" type, his new Dazed shoot is perhaps most elaborate to date, and we're very much here for it.

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Everyone knows Princess Diana-or they think they do. The royal, who would have turned 60 this year, remains a subject of fascination among the public and artists. After capturing Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis's private struggles following her husband's assassination in 2016's Jackie, director Pablo Larraín turned his attention to Diana's story. His new film, Spencer, offers a fictionalized account of the princess, played by Kristen Stewart, at a turning point during the queen's annual Christmas holiday at Sandringham House in Norfolk, England. The pivotal three days from Christmas Eve to Boxing Day magnify the many problems within Diana's personal life. Under surveillance by the Windsors' retinue of courtiers, trapped in failing marriage, and told to keep up appearances while struggling with an eating disorder, she's far removed from fairy tales.

Larraín frames his film as a fable, exploring the dark side of the monarchy without eschewing the fantasy and beauty that keeps the system going. Diana's life may be falling apart, but she looks the part of a princess and is surrounded by luxury. That contrast is part of what makes the film powerful. Creating the wardrobe of the allegorical Windsor meant Larraín, costume designer Jacqueline Durran, and Stewart had to be on the same page. Thankfully, they had some help from a fashion giant: Chanel. "Every step of the way, it was a total collaboration," shared Stewart via email. "We were all in this together: me, Pablo, Jacqueline, and Chanel. It was so intimate."

Chanel opened its archives to the production, loaning and re-creating vintage pieces for Stewart to wear onscreen. This level of access allowed Durran to heighten the luxurious mood that Larraín and production designer Guy Hendrix Dyas created. "In terms of style and glamour, the collaboration gave the movie something we wouldn't have had otherwise," she says. "The Chanel pieces added to that aura Diana had as a princess, so it was an incredible match in that sense."

There are thousands of photographs and articles about Diana to draw from, but the wealth of information was a double-edged sword. "In the beginning, it was an intimidating situation because there were just so many images of her," says Durran, who focused her attention on photos shot between 1988 and 1992. "What I wanted to find was the logic behind her choices and the key pieces you see her wear during that period. Certain elements repeat-color blocking, gold buttons, contrasting lapels, polo-neck sweaters, and high-waist, slightly cropped jeans with flat pumps." Figuring out Diana's staples was crucial. "I had to establish a contrast between the formal and restrictive clothes she wears during her official life and the way she dresses when she can be herself," says Durran. "To tell this story, you had to see a real difference between those clothes."

To that end Durran used a series of archival gems to achieve both types of Diana's looks. Stewart wears a striking red tweed coat from the fall 1988 Patrimoine ready-to-wear collection as Diana is mobbed by paparazzi, black velvet dresses from the fall 1983 and 1988 collections, and a slew of vintage accessories. A few modern pieces sneak in too; in one scene, Stewart sports the skirt from look 46 from Virginie Viard's spring 2020 haute couture collection.

Chanel had a special place in Diana's wardrobe. A fan of its classic suits and quilted bags, she wore her collection off-duty and while performing her role as Princess of Wales. Stewart found Diana's outfit selections evocative. "In certain photographs of [Diana], she looks as though someone else dressed her," she says. "Even if the outfit is beautiful, she seems like a prisoner in it. While doing my research, I noticed that whenever Diana was wearing Chanel, she seemed like herself. When she looked powerful, quite often she was wearing Chanel." Stewart incorporated the observation into her performance. "When you watch the movie, all the Chanel looks are used when Diana needs help," she explains. "If the scene was difficult or she felt threatened, we put her in a Chanel suit to give her a bit of a support system. Even if she wasn't feeling good on the inside, she stood tall and shined during those moments."

Stewart has some experience wearing Chanel. A brand ambassador since 2013, she's known for her distinctive take on the brand's signatures. Though her style is worlds away from Diana's, she felt the Chanel archival pieces were essential to the story. "If I didn't have a relationship with Chanel, we would have begged the house to play with their clothes; if we weren't allowed to, we would have probably mimicked them," says Stewart. "The character needed them. They're such a part of her. There is a delicacy and a vulnerability [to the clothes] that makes them even more beautiful. She's so raw and honest that when she puts them on, you can feel she loves them."

Unfortunately, many of Diana's best Chanel moments came after her exit from the royal family, and Spencer 's story plays out during a period where courtiers controlled her wardrobe. "There were all these restrictions to consider," says Durran. "She wore more Chanel later in life than during the late '80s and early '90s." The royal dress code, which contains rules about everything from hem lengths to nail-polish colors, couldn't be ignored. Still, when Durran happened upon the film's pièce de résistance, a strapless gown from Chanel's spring 1988 haute couture collection, she wasn't about to change it. "Initially, I was worried we'd have to add sleeves and hide her arms because of the protocols," she says. "When I had the fitting with Kristen and Paolo in London, she put it on and it was just so great, the perfect look for an extremely glamorous princess. We hadn't even planned to use it for such a large chunk of the movie, but it was just too good to pass up."

Adorned with pleated tulle ruffles, an appliqué satin belt, and a delicate frieze composed of fabric florets, the gown was appropriately opulent. Still, after more than 30 years in the archives, the original was far too fragile to function as a costume. "It was too precious-you couldn't even take it outside," says Durran. "Thankfully, Chanel came back to us and said they could completely replicate the piece." It took 1,034 hours-700 devoted solely to the intricate embroidery-to duplicate the couture look. With five seamstresses in Chanel's atelier working nonstop, they were able to turn the project around in just under a month. "We're indebted to them," says Durran. "They had almost no time and were able to recreate every detail. In the end, the only difference was that the new version fit Kristen even better than the first."

Though it wasn't the only piece recreated for the film, the couture gown features prominently in the final cut and its poster, which shows Diana crumpled on the ground, her body shrouded in layers of tulle. For Stewart, the couture reflected Diana's privileged yet unhappy existence. "It's heartbreaking how gorgeous it was," she says of the look. "We went through the archives thinking, What is the dress? [And] it was so undeniably the right one. To see someone on the bathroom floor in such a dress is truly heartbreaking. You can't imagine someone being unwell in a dress [that is] so spectacularly beautiful, unique, and one of a kind. I have such nostalgia for it. Usually, I don't have an emotional reaction to my movie posters, but every time I see Spencer 's, it makes me want to cry."

For Durran, helping to facilitate such powerful responses from Stewart was the costume design's primary role. "My work is supporting her as an actress," she says. "Watching the final movie was overwhelming because the only thing I wanted was for my work to give Kristen all she needed to achieve her performance. I believed in her so much, and she's mesmerizing as Diana."

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Kristen Stewart on How Her Chanel Costumes in 'Spencer' Tell Their Own Story

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Everyone knows Princess Diana-or they think they do. The royal, who would have turned 60 this year, remains a subject of fascination among the public and artists. After capturing Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis's private struggles following her husband's assassination in 2016's Jackie, director Pablo Larraín turned his attention to Diana's story.

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Gucci to Show at Milan in February 2022 16/11/21

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Gucci to Show at Milan in February 2022 16/11/21

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MILAN - Gucci is making a comeback to Milan Fashion Week.

The company's president and chief executive officer Marco Bizzarri announced on Tuesday morning that Gucci will unveil its new collection with a show in Milan in February. The executive spoke from the stage of the 26th Pambianco Fashion Summit, held at Milan's Bourse.
More from WWD
In addition, during the year, he said that Gucci will also stage two additional runway shows, in late spring and in September.

Gucci's last show as part of the Milan Fashion Week official schedule dates back to February 2020, when the brand hosted a runway event to present the fall 2020 women's collection that creative director Alessandro Michele dedicated to the multitiered ritual of designing, making, staging and viewing a fashion show.

After the COVID-19 outbreak, Gucci skipped the spring 2021 men's shows and presentations in Milan in June and unveiled the "Epilogue" collection, coinciding with a resort 2021 delivery, with a digital showcase in July 2020.

"We have inherited vocabulary terms that were born in other moments. As in rope jumping, we have to learn to avoid tripping over them. I don't know if we need these words. Cruise, pre-fall are really antique terms, emptied of their significance," said Michele in May 2020, explaining his decision to shy away from traditional schedules and classifications.

"You know I love looking at the past, but to be productive in the present. These scheduled appointments were not very stimulating in terms of creativity. Now we need a different, more elastic system that fits with the moment. Creativity, like water, always finds the space to run," he added.

In keeping with this vision, in November 2020, Gucci presented the "Ouverture of Something That Never Ended" co-ed collection, a sort of spring 2021 lineup, with a mini series developed in collaboration with director Gus Van Sant, while the brand celebrated its 100th anniversary last April with the "Aria" men's and women's fall 2021 digital showcase.

Earlier this month, the Italian brand returned to the physical runway format with the "Gucci Love Parade" spring 2022 show, hosted on Los Angeles' Hollywood Boulevard.
See also: Moore From L.A.: Alessandro Michele on "House of Gucci" and Learning to Love Hollywood Billie Eilish, Miley Cyrus, Jared Leto, Lizzo, Gwyneth Paltrow, Paul Mescal With Phoebe Bridgers, All the Stars at Gucci's Show and After Party Gucci Holds Changemakers Summit at Crenshaw High School in L.A.
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Gucci To Show at Milan Fashion Week in February

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MILAN - Gucci is making a comeback to Milan Fashion Week. The company's president and chief executive officer Marco Bizzarri announced on Tuesday morning that Gucci will unveil its new collection with a show in Milan in February. The executive spoke from the stage of the 26th Pambianco Fashion Summit, held at Milan's Bourse.

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The Lanvin brand logo (above) and the new Lanvin Group logo (below). Lanvin Group. By Casey Hall November 22, 2021 03:41 Lanvin Group officially unveiled its new brand identity Monday, after changing its name from Fosun Fashion Group in October. The new brand identity includes a new logo that differs from the heritage feel of its Lanvin brand logo.

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Instructions for using CANVAS for Assignments

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Instructions for using CANVAS for Assignments

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by Amber Rolfe
Writing a CV can be a stressful task, especially if you're starting from scratch...
And although there's no one-size-fits-all solution for the perfect CV, it should always be clearly formatted and short enough for a recruiter to scan quickly - and most importantly - tailored to the role you're applying for.

Not sure where to start? Here are some basic rules on how to write a CV:

What information should I include on my CV?

CVs should never be completely formulaic, but there are a few things they should always contain:

1. Personal details:

It may sound obvious, but you'd be surprised how many people forget to include their name, email, contact phone number and address. To avoid any awkward moments, make sure these are clearly presented at the top of your CV. 'Curriculum Vitae' is an unnecessary title - your name is not.

2. Personal statement

As it's the first thing that's shown on your CV, a personal statement is an essential part of standing out from the crowd. It explains who you are, what you're offering, and what you're looking for. Aim to prove why you're suitable in one short and succinct paragraph.

3. Work experience:

This section should include all of your relevant work experience, listed with the most recent first. Include your job title, the name of the organisation, time in post, and your key responsibilities.

4. Achievements:

This is your chance to show how your previous experience has given you the skills needed to make you a suitable candidate. List all of your relevant skills and achievements (backing them up with examples), and make it clear how you would apply these to the new role.

5. Education:

Your educational experience and achievements should be listed here, along with dates, the type of qualification and/or the grade you achieved - although the specific parts of education that you include in your CV will depend on your individual situation. For example, if you have more educational achievements than work experience, placing an emphasis on this section is a good idea.

6. Hobbies and interests:

You don't always need to include hobbies and interests in your CV, but mentioning relevant ones could back up your skills and help you to stand out from the crowd - not to mention give you something to talk about at an interview. Just don't say you enjoy socialising with friends just for the sake of including something. If it's not going to add value, leave it out.

Any extra information, such as reasons for a career change or reasons for gaps in career history should also be included as required.
Free CV template CV examples and samples
What words should I include in my CV?

Figuring out what words to use on your CV can be tough - especially when you're trying to fit a lot of skills and experience into a short document.

Appropriate keywords for your CV could include:

In addition to using the right words, you should also back up your attributes up with genuine accomplishments. Not only will you stand out from others with identical skills, you'll also be able to prove your suitability more effectively.

After all, anyone can say they're hard-working - but not everyone can prove it.
What words should I use on my CV?
What should I leave out?

When it comes to your CV, there are certain words and phrases you should try to avoid - and they mostly consist of overused clichés.

Not only could using them risk mildly irritating the person in charge of hiring, you could also end up blending into a sea of similar candidates.

Although all recruiters will have their own pet peeves, here are just a few of the worst CV words:

Excellent communication skills

Goal driven

Flexible

Motivated

Multi-tasker

Independent

Detail oriented

Self-motivated

Obviously, exceptions can be made if any of the above were included in the job description as an essential skill - but using examples to back them up is still crucial.
Five lines that are killing your CV What not to do on your CV
How should I present my CV?

Your CV is the first thing an employer will see when hiring for a vacancy, and how it looks at first glance will be the reason they decide to read it in more detail. Even if your skills match the role perfectly, a messy and confusing CV probably won't even get a second look.

To ensure you're painting yourself (and your skills) in the best light, you should always:

Keep it short and succinct - two sides of A4 will almost always suffice.

Choose a clear, professional font to ensure that your CV can be easily read (leave Comic Sans and Word Art back in the 1990s where they belong)

Lay it out in a logical order, with sufficient spacing and clear section headings (e.g. Work experience, Education)

Order your experience and education in reverse chronological order to highlight your most recent experience and achievements

Check your grammar and spelling thoroughly

CV layout dos and don'ts Common grammar mistakes to avoid on your CV
Final thoughts

Once you've put together your CV - don't assume it's finished.

Every job is different and tailoring your CV accordingly is vital to standing out. Edit it in line with the job description whenever you make an application, and you'll be able to ensure it matches the specifications every time.

Highlight that you're the right match for the job by outlining:

The specific skills you have to offer the employer

Relevant accomplishments and achievements

The work and educational experience you have in their field

Personal qualities that will make you right for the role

An understanding of the job requirements

Free CV review
Need more CV advice?

It takes an employer just seven seconds to save or reject a job applicant's CV. This means creating a succinct CV is absolutely vital if you want to land that all-important interview.

To find out how to make your CV stand out from the crowd, buy James Reed's new book: The 7 Second CV: How to Land the Interview .
Still searching for your perfect position? View all available jobs now

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Writing a CV can be stressful, especially if you're starting from scratch. Not sure where to start? Here are our tips on how to write a CV.

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Recruiters only spend eight seconds looking at your CV so you've got to be sure it stands out for all the right reasons. Find out how to write a CV and discover tips that will help ensure your application is progressed to the interview stage

What is a CV?

A CV, which stands for curriculum vitae (a Latin phrase meaning 'course of life'), is a document used when applying for jobs. It allows you to summarise your education, skills and relevant work experience enabling you to successfully sell your abilities to potential employers. Alongside your CV employers may also ask for a cover letter.

In other countries, such as the USA and Canada, CVs are known as résumés. These documents tend to be more concise and follow no particular formatting rules.

How long should a CV be?

A standard CV in the UK should be no longer than two sides of A4. Take a look at our example of a chronological CV for inspiration.

That said one size doesn't fit all. For example, a school leaver or recent graduate with minimal experience may only need to use one side of A4. Although not used as often, a three-page CV might be needed for those in high-level roles or for people who have gained a lot of experience or worked in multiple jobs over the last five to ten years. For example, some medical or academic CVs may be longer depending on your experience. While it's important to keep your CV concise you should also avoid selling your experience short.

When writing a CV save space by only including the main points of your education and experience. Stick to relevant information and don't repeat what you've said in your cover letter. If you're struggling to edit your CV, ask yourself if certain information sells you. If it doesn't cut it out. If it's not relevant to the job you're applying for delete it and if it's old detail from ten years ago summarise it.

What should I include in my CV?

Contact details - Include your full name, home address, mobile number and email address. Your date of birth is irrelevant and unless you're applying for an acting or modelling job you don't need to include a photograph. If you have a professional networking profile, website or online portfolio link to it within your contact details.

Profile - A CV profile is a concise statement that highlights your key attributes and helps you stand out from the crowd. Usually placed at the beginning of a CV it picks out a few relevant achievements and skills, while expressing your career aims. A good CV profile focuses on the sector you're applying to, as your cover letter will be job-specific. Discover how to write a personal statement for your CV.

Education - List and date all previous education, including professional qualifications. Place the most recent first. Include qualification type/grades, and dates. Mention specific modules only where relevant.

Work experience - List your work experience in reverse date order, making sure that anything you mention is relevant to the job you're applying for. Include your job title, the name of the company, how long you were with the organisation and key responsibilities. If you have plenty of relevant work experience, this section should come before education.

Skills and achievements - This is where you talk about the foreign languages you speak and the IT packages you can competently use. The skills that you list should be relevant to the job. Don't exaggerate your abilities, as you'll need to back up your claims at interview. If you've got lots of job-specific skills you should do a skills-based CV.

Interests - 'Socialising', 'going to the cinema' and 'reading' aren't going to catch a recruiter's attention. However, relevant interests can provide a more complete picture of who you are, as well as giving you something to talk about at interview. Examples include writing your own blog or community newsletters if you want to be a journalist, being part of a drama group if you're looking to get into sales and your involvement in climate change activism if you'd like an environmental job. If you don't have any relevant hobbies or interests leave this section out.

References - You don't need to provide the names of referees at this stage. You can say 'references available upon request' but most employers would assume this to be the case so if you're stuck for space, leave this out.

For more help and advice on how to create a CV and to find CV templates, see example CVs.

How do I format a CV?

The layout of your CV also has an effect on its success. Keep in mind the following tips when crafting your CV:

Avoid titling the document 'curriculum vitae' or 'CV'. It's a waste of space. Instead let your name serve as the title.

Section headings are a good way to break up your CV. Ensure they stand out by making them larger (font size 14 or 16) and bold.

Avoid fonts such as Comic Sans. Choose something professional, clear and easy to read such Arial, Calibri or Times New Roman. Use a font size between 10 and 12 to make sure that potential employers can read your CV. Ensure all fonts and font sizes are consistent throughout.

List everything in reverse chronological order. Then the recruiter sees your work history and most recent achievements first.

Keep it concise by using bullet points. This type of CV layout allows potential employers to skim your CV and quickly pick out important information first.

Double check your margins - Having white space around your CV will make it easier to read and look less cluttered. Aim for 2.5 centimetre margins all the way around. Don't be tempted to make these smaller to fit more in.

Name the document when saving - Don't just save as 'Document 1'. Make sure the title of the document is professional and identifies you, such as 'Joe-Smith-CV'.

Save with a .PDF file extension - This ensures it can be opened and read on any machine. Unless of course the job advert states differently (for example, it may ask you to provide your CV and cover letter as a Word document).

How do I write a good CV?

Use active verbs when possible. For example, include words like 'created', 'analysed' and 'devised' to present yourself as a person who shows initiative.

A good CV doesn't have any spelling or grammar mistakes. Use a spell checker and enlist a second pair of eyes to check over the document.

Avoid generic, over-used phrases such as 'team player', 'hardworking' and 'multitasker'. Instead, provide real-life examples that demonstrate all of these skills.

Tailor your CV. Look at the company's website and social media accounts, look to see if they've recently been mentioned in the local press and use the job advert to make sure your CV is targeted to the role and employer.

Create the right type of CV for your circumstances. Decide whether the chronological, skills-based or academic CV is right for you.

Make sure your email address sounds professional. If your personal address is inappropriate create a new account for professional use.

Don't lie or exaggerate on your CV or job application. Not only will you demonstrate your dishonesty to a potential employer, but there can be serious consequences too. For example, altering your degree grade from a 2:2 to a 2:1 is classed as degree fraud. Take a look at this advice and guidance on degree fraud for students.

If posting your CV online don't include your home address, as you could be targeted by fraudsters.

Always include a cover letter unless the employer states otherwise. It will enable you to personalise your application. You can draw attention to a particular part of your CV, disclose a disability or clarify gaps in your work history.

Employers understand that candidates have lives and responsibilities beyond the world of work, so don't automatically assume that a gap in your education or employment history will take you out of the running.

Another thing you shouldn't do is ignore a gap in your CV.

Acknowledging a period of time spent out of education or work is a bit of a balancing act. You need to make the recruiter aware, without going into too much detail (you'll get the chance to do this in your cover letter - Read our example cover letter explaining a gap in your CV.)

Briefly mention (in the appropriate section) the reason for the gap (with dates) be that a gap year, illness, caring for a relative or redundancy and rather than going into too much detail, instead list the transferable and relevant skills/qualifications gained during this experience.

You could mention:

details of online courses or Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) you've undertaken or webinars or online events you've attended

the acquisition of new skills, such as learning a language or learning to code

volunteering work

charity work - perhaps you got involved with fundraising or raising awareness of a particular organisation.

new hobbies such as starting to vlog, picking up a sport, learning to cook or setting up a community book club.

Remember - you'll need to relate these to the job you're applying for so focus on the skills these activities taught you and how/why they'd be useful.

Where to put this information depends on the activities. Volunteering or charity work can be included under the 'Work experience' heading. The online courses and additional qualifications you've gained can go in the 'Education' section while any new skills you've learned need to be housed under 'Skills and achievements'. If any new hobbies are relevant to the role you're applying for place these in the 'Hobbies and interests' section.

Where can I get help with my CV?

If you're a student or recent graduate and you'd like help putting together a CV, then you can get professional advice from your university careers service.

Find out more

Written by Jemma Smith, Editor

Prospects · May 2023

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Find out how to write a good CV and discover handy CV tips to ensure job success.

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How to: Write a cover letter | reed.co.uk

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Don’t underestimate the importance of your covering letters. Here’s our advice on what to write, and how to make sure that you stand out from the crowd.

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It's a short letter, usually 3 to 5 paragraphs long.

When to include a cover letter

You should always include a cover letter when you apply for a job using a CV.

You can write it as an email if you're applying online or print a copy to go with a paper application.

Research

When writing a cover letter, let the employer know you're keen by showing that you've researched the company. Learn more about what they do through:

their website

recent news articles

talking to people you know who work there

Send it to the right person

It's important to try to address your cover letter to someone by name. Check you have the details of the person you need to send it to.

You'll need their name and preferred title. For example, 'Dr', 'Mr', 'Mrs', 'Ms', and their job title. You should also make sure you have the right company name and address, including postcode.

If you do not know their name

If the job advert does not include a name you can check the company website. Try to find details of the head of the department, head of human resources or a recruitment manager.

If you still cannot find a name, you can start your letter with 'Dear Sir or Madam'.

Introduction

Introduce yourself and explain how you found the advertised job. You can mention the job title, and reference number if there is one.

If you're asking about any job openings and not applying to a vacancy, tell them what sort of job you're looking for. Let the employer see how keen you are to work for them.

Show you're right for the job

Highlight the skills and experience you have that match what the employer is looking for.

Convince them that you're enthusiastic about working for them. Let them know you share their work values, culture and style.

Give extra information

If you have gaps in your employment history, you could talk about the skills you gained while you were out of work.

If you've mentioned on your CV that you have a disability, you might want to talk more about this in your cover letter. Organisations like Disability UK can give you advice on how to do this. You do not have to mention your disability at this stage if you prefer not to.

You can get more help with specialist advice on finding work if you have a disability.

Ending your cover letter

Thank the employer for considering your application. Let them know that they can get more details from your CV, and tell them you're looking forward to hearing from them.

Let them know how they can best contact you. Make sure your contact details are correct on both your cover letter and CV.

Yours sincerely or yours faithfully

If you know the name of the person you're writing to, you should end the letter with 'Yours sincerely'.

If you've addressed the letter 'Dear Sir or Madam', you should end the letter with 'Yours faithfully'.

Tips for writing a cover letter

When writing your cover letter, remember to:

write a new one for every job you apply for and make sure it's tailored to the company and the specific role

use the same font and size as you do for your CV, so it looks consistent

make sure the company name and recruiter's details are correct

use the right language and tone: keep it professional and match the keywords used by the employer in their job advert

show you've done your research into the job and the company

highlight your most relevant skills and experience to stand out from other applicants

back up any statements you make with facts and use the STAR method

double check spelling and grammar before you send it

keep a copy of your cover letter as they may ask you about it in an interview

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Cover letters | National Careers Service

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It's a short letter, usually 3 to 5 paragraphs long. You should always include a cover letter when you apply for a job using a CV. You can write it as an email if you're applying online or print a copy to go with a paper application.

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Why you need a CV

A CV is your first chance to promote yourself. A good CV might get you a job interview.

You usually need a CV to apply for a job or to give to an employer you'd like to work for.

Tips for writing your CV

Employers get lots of CVs to look at and have to decide quickly who they're going to interview.

When you write your CV, remember to:

use a clear font like Arial, Times New Roman or Calibri in size 11 or bigger

always use the same style throughout

use headings and bullet points to make it easier to read

be clear and to the point

get someone else to read it to double check your spelling and grammar

Information you need for your CV

Start with the job advert for the role you're applying for so you can look at the job description, essential criteria and the company details.

If the job you're applying for does not have a job description, you can look at our job profiles to see what skills you'll need and the typical things you'll do in that job.

You should write your CV to match the job and company you're applying for to improve your chances of getting an interview.

Sections for your CV

Your CV should include a section for your contact details, an introduction, your education history, your work history and references.

Contact details

You need to let employers know how to contact you if they want to offer you an interview.

You should include your name, phone number, email address and a link to your work network profile, if you have one, such as LinkedIn.

You should not include your age, your date of birth, whether you're married or your nationality.

Introduction

This is a few short lines that sum up who you are and what you hope to do. It should go just under your name and contact details.

Make your introduction sound like you're the right person for the job.

Education history

You can add this after the introduction if you're early in your career or do not have much work experience.

If you have a lot of work experience, you might want to change the order and show off your work history and experience first.

Whatever order you choose, you'll need to include the:

names of your qualifications

name of the school, college or university where you studied

dates you attended

Work history

You should include details of any work placements, volunteering and paid jobs you've had. List the most recent experience first.

You should include:

the employer name

the job title

the dates you worked there

what you did, usually 2 to 3 lines using the STAR method

Gaps in your work history

It's normal to have some gaps between jobs and work experience when life events happen.

You can read our advice on how to explain gaps in your work history.

Short work history

If you're applying for your first job, you can focus on skills you've learned through projects, work experience or volunteering.

You can also include your interests and hobbies that show some of the skills you have. For example, if you're a captain of a sports team, this demonstrates leadership and organisation skills.

References

You might want to include a section about references if there is someone who has agreed to give you one. This could be your current or previous employer, a teacher or someone respected in your community.

However you should not put someone else's contact details on your CV. Instead, you can say that 'references are available on request'.

Speak to an adviser if you need help

It's ok to feel overwhelmed or confused about how to write a CV, especially if you do not have a lot of work experience.

A careers adviser can help you work out what your CV should say and get you on the path to your dream career.
Speak to a careers adviser

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A CV is your first chance to promote yourself. A good CV might get you a job interview. You usually need a CV to apply for a job or to give to an employer you'd like to work for. Employers get lots of CVs to look at and have to decide quickly who they're going to interview.