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Göbekli Tepe dates back to the pre-pottery Neolithic era, between c. 12,000-11,000 BCE. This makes it the oldest known temple we have found, odd considering it was only found recently.

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Relief carving of bird-like figures
Hunter gatherers c. 9600 BCE
Şanliurfa, Turkey
Göbekli Tepe

This carving also deals with filling up negative space between the subjects. It is unclear what is happening here, we can only make assumptions. It seems as if the bird on the far left is of a higher status than the others, also holding some sort of circle-shaped object.

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Urfa man
Hunter gatherers, c. 9000 BCE
Şanliurfa museum, Turkey
Göbekli Tepe

This is one of the oldest human sculptures found. Although unproportionate, we can infer the subject is male. It has distinctive clothing, and clasped hands. The sculptures eyes are made of obsidian stones, unsure of what the significance of this is, or if there is one at all. It took a significant level of workmanship to create this piece, considering it is made from chipping away at one solid stone.

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Column with relief carving showing five birds and wild boar
Hunter gatherers c. 9600 BCE
Şanliurfa, Turkey
Göbekli Tepe

It is incredible that the maker of these birds had the realization of needing to fill up space, similar to what many artists struggle with today. It is unclear whether or not the boars corelate with the birds or are a separate piece. Again, we see space filled with the younger boar.

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It seems as if Göbekli Tepe may have had religous purposes, considering the amount of 'T' shaped pillars inside of these structures and since we haven't found any evidence of housing there. It is clear as the decades went on, the shape of the structures changed from circles to squares, and began lacking workmanship. We are unsure the exact reasoning for this site, however, believe it may have been used as a place of worship to the land or a higher power.

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Relief sculpture of bull, fox, and crane
Hunter gatherers c. 9100-8800 BCE
Şanliurfa, Turkey
Göbekli Tepe

The artist of this relief carving must have had the capacity to take what they see in their day to day lives and portray them in a recognizable way. The composition infers a hierarchy between the animals. It's odd that the bull is carved at an upwards view, compared to the other two animals in profile view- was this intentional? Overall we can only guess what the maker of this relief carving intended.

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Low relief sculpture of crocodile and
Hunter gatherers c. 9,500 BCE
Şanliurfa, Turkey
Göbekli Tepe

This piece is interesting because it had to have been made by carving out the remaining stone surrounding the crocodile/lizard-like animal. Having this animal stand out compared to the other gives it more power, I believe this is what the artist intended.