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Sean (Sta.The first stage leading to the formation of a sea stack is the erosion of a headland, which projects into the sea in a sharp point. The power of the waves and the sediment it picks up, including sand and rocks, tears away at the cliffs like sandpaper does against wood. This makes part of the rock fall away from the cliff into the ocean The erosion of the headland by the ocean begins to form a hollow in the rock. It is where there are weaknesses in the rock of the structure of the cliff that caves are more likely to appear. The power of the waves and the sediment they throw at the headland forms a hollow, called a sea cave or littoral cave

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Sean (Sta.The first stage leading to the formation of a sea stack is the erosion of a headland, which projects into the sea in a sharp point. The power of the waves and the sediment it picks up, including sand and rocks, tears away at the cliffs like sandpaper does against wood. This makes part of the rock fall away from the cliff into the ocean The erosion of the headland by the ocean begins to form a hollow in the rock. It is where there are weaknesses in the rock of the structure of the cliff that caves are more likely to appear. The power of the waves and the sediment they throw at the headland forms a hollow, called a sea cave or littoral cave

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A stack is a geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast, isolated by erosion. Stacks are formed through processes of coastal geomorphology, which are entirely natural. Time, wind, and water are the only factors involved in the formation of a stack. They are formed when part of a headland is eroded. The force of the water weakens cracks in the headland, causing them to later collapse, forming free-standing stacks and even a small island. Without the constant presence of water.

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Stacks are easy to recognise because they stand alone. They are no longer attached to the

cliffs. At high tide they will be tall rocks rising from the sea. At low tide you would be able to walk out

to them across the beach. Stacks form when there is an area of weakness in the cliffs that can be

attacked by the sea, making them crumble away. Stacks are mostly by the land.

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Salt Marshes also known as coastal marshes or a tidal marsh is a coastal ecosystem. It's in the upper coast between open salt or Brackish water that is regularly flooded by the tide. They help deliver nutrients to the water and also provide support to terrestrial animals and provide and provide protection to the coast. Here is an example of one.

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An Estuary is a body of water formed where freshwater from
rivers and streams flows into the ocean, mixing with the seawater. Esturarys and the land surrounding them are places of transition from land to sea,  from freshwater to saltwater. Although influenced by the tides, estuaries are protected from the full force of ocean waves, winds, and storms by the reefs, barrier islands, fingers of land, mud, or  sand that surround them .

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An estuary is a river,  a series of rivers or streams that leads into the sea. Estuaries form a transition zone between river environments and ocean environment, they attract birds  and lots of other wildlife.

The water is fresh water from rivers and salt water from the sea, making estuaries among the most productive natural habitats in the world.

Hayle river mouth (that’s in Cornwall) has some fantastic surf.

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An estuary is a partly enclosed body of water formed where freshwater from rivers and streams flows into the ocean mixing with sea water. Estuaries always occur along coastlines, although in some cases can extened many miles inland.  There are lots of species of plants and animals around estuaries, as they can be quite sheltered areas

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Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline.

A bay is surrounded by land on three sides, where as a headland is surrounded by water on three sides.Headlands are characterized by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliffs.

Bays generally have less wave (and often wind) activity than the water outside the bay, and typically have sandy beaches.Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines,where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast.Bays form where weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, granite) forming a headland, or peninsula. This difference in the rate of erosion is caused by differential erosion. refraction of waves occurs on headlands concentrating wave energy on them, so many other landforms, such as caves, natural arches and stacks, form on headlands. Wave energy is directed at right angles to the wave crest and lines drawn at right angles to the wave crest (orthogonals) represent the direction of energy expenditure. Orthogonals converge on headlands and diverge in bays which concentrates wave energy on the headlands and dissipating wave energy in the bays. In the formation of sea cliffs, wave erosion undercuts the slopes at the shoreline and they retreat landward. This increases the shear stress in the cliff-forming material and accelerates mass movement. The debris from these landslides collects at the base of the cliff and are also removed by the waves, usually during storms where wave energy is greatest. This debris provides sediment, transported through longshore current for the nearby bay. Joints in the headlands are eroded back to form caves which erode further to form arches. These gaps eventually collapse and leave tall stacks at the ends of the headlands. Eventually these too are eroded by the waves.Wave refraction disperses wave energy through the bay, and along with the sheltering effect of the headlands this protects bays from storms. This effect means that the waves reaching the shore in a bay are weaker than the waves reaching the headland and the bay is thus a safer place for water activities like surfing or swimming. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of the headlands, coastlines eventually straighten out then start the same process all over again.

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Stacks are performed by the big waves crashing at the rocks at about 1.15 mph. It takes a very long time for the rock to turn into a stack.

So how did it look like before? Well it used to be a huge rock with no holes, no small rocks about to fall off and it didn't wobble. It started off as a headland, then a cave, then a arch and finally a stack.

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An estuary is an area where seawater mixes with freshwater. Estuaries can be found along the coast. Each day as the tide rises, saltwater is brought into the estuary. Freshwater comes down the rivers and creeks and mixes with this saltwater. During the dry season there may not be much freshwater flowing down the rivers. This can make the estuary very salty. Also, during the dry season water evaporates out of the estuary making it even more salty. If you have ever tasted the water in the ocean, you know it is very salty. Estuaries can become even saltier! (But don’t try tasting the water, not only will it taste bad, but it can be bad for your health.)

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A skerry is a rock tip just above the surface of the water.  It is also known as a rocky island but too small to live on.

The word 'skerry' comes from Scandinavia and means 'a rock in the sea'.

My picture shows a skerry in shallow water, just outside Krottoy in Northern  Norway.

In some parts of the world skerries can be seen in clusters or groups, looking like beautiful landscaped gardens!

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A stack is a geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coast, isolated by erosion.[1] Stacks are formed through processes of coastal geomorphology, which are entirely natural. Time, wind, and water are the only factors involved in the formation of a stack.[2] They are formed when part of a headland is eroded by hydraulic action, which is the force of the sea or water crashing against the rock. The force of the water weakens cracks in the headland, causing them to later collapse, forming free-standing stacks and even a small island. Without the constant presence of water, stacks also form when a natural arch collapses under gravity, due to sub-aerial processes like wind erosion. Stacks can provide important nesting locations for seabirds, and many are popular for rock climbing.

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A bay is a large body of water connected to an ocean or sea formed by an inlet of land due to the surrounding land blocking some waves and often reducing winds. Bays also exist as an inlet in a lake or pond. A large bay may be called a gulf, a sea, a sound, or a bight.

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Welcome TrekEarth users! - FlyerTalk Forums

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Travel Photography - Welcome TrekEarth users! - Hello everyone, For those unaware, we recently, regrettably, shuttered another site. It was home to some of the best photos from around the world I've ever seen.

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This is are stacks

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This is an arch

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Headlands are formed when the sea hits a section of the coast. Headlands

are just a gigantic big piece of rock. The waves clash against the headland to

make a cave. The waves attack the rock more and more soon the cave gets

pushed into the sea to form an arch. Soft rock erodes faster than hard rock.

The rock above the top arch gets weaker and weaker and eventually the rock

falls into the sea this forms a stack.

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Headlands and bays are often found on the same coastline. A bay is surrounded by land on three sides, whereas a headland is surrounded by water on three sides. Headlands are characterized by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliffs. Bays generally have less wave (and often wind) activity than the water outside the bay, and typically have sandy beaches. Headlands and bays form on discordant coastlines, where bands of rock of alternating resistance run perpendicular to the coast. Bays form where weak (less resistant) rocks (such as sands and clays) are eroded, leaving bands of stronger (more resistant) rocks (such as chalk, limestone, granite) forming a headland, or peninsula. This difference in the rate of erosion is caused by differential erosion. Refraction of waves occurs on headlands concentrating wave energy on them, so many other landforms, such as caves, natural arches and stacks, form on headlands. Wave energy is directed at right angles to the wave crest and lines drawn at right angles to the wave crest (orthogonal) represent the direction of energy expenditure. Orthogonal converge on headlands and diverge in bays which concentrates wave energy on the headlands and dissipating wave energy in the bays.[1] In the formation of sea cliffs, wave erosion undercuts the slopes at the shoreline and they retreat landward. This increases the shear stress in the cliff-forming material and accelerates mass movement.[1The debris from these landslides collects at the base of the cliff and are also removed by the waves, usually during storms where wave energy is greatest. This debris provides sediment, transported through long shore current for the nearby bay. Joints in the headlands are eroded back to form caves which erode further to form arches. These gaps eventually collapse and leave tall stacks at the ends of the headlands. Eventually these too are eroded by the waves.[2] Wave refraction disperses wave energy through the bay, and along with the sheltering effect of the headlands this protects bays from storms. This effect means that the waves reaching the shore in a bay are weaker than the waves reaching the headland and the bay is thus a safer place for water activities like surfing or swimming. Through the deposition of sediment within the bay and the erosion of the headlands, coastlines eventually straighten out then start the same process all over again

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Spits are also created by deposition. A spit is an extended stretch of beach material that projects out to sea and is joined to the mainland at one end.Spits are formed where the prevailing wind blows at an angle to the coastline, resulting in longshore drift. An example of a spit is Spurn Head, found along the Holderness coast in Humberside.

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A headland is a huge rock that goes out to sea. It gets pushed together by lots of little rocks. sometimes it turnes into a cave by the water pushing onto the weaker parts of the headland making parts of the rock crumble, leaving a hole in the headland this is how it turnes into a cave.

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A salt marsh, also known as a coastal salt marsh or a tidal salt marsh. It is a zone between land and the open saltwater that is reguarly flooded by tides. Commonly these shores have mud or sand flats which are covered with inflowing rivers and streams. Most salt marshes are wide, vast areas making them hugely popular for us.

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Ryan.w                                             Coastal saltmarshes comprise the upper, vegetated portions of intertidal mudflats, lying approximately between mean high water neap tides and mean high water spring tides. 

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Ryan.w                                             Coastal saltmarshes comprise the upper, vegetated portions of intertidal mudflats, lying approximately between mean high water neap tides and mean high water spring tides. 

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Coastal saltmarshes comprise the upper, vegetated portions of intertidal mudflats, lying approximately between mean high water neap tides and mean high water spring tides.

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This week I would like you to find out about one of the following coastal features:

Estuary

Spit

Headland

Salt marsh

Bay

Stack