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Father Joseph Gumilla (Cárcer, Valencia province, Spain May 3, 1686 - Los Llanos, July 16, 1750) was a Jesuit missionary, writer and Spanish explorer who explored the Orinoco river basin and wrote, in addition to other works , a fundamental book of great historical value on this river: The Orinoco illustrated and defended. Natural, civil and geographical history of this great river and its mighty watersheds.

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María Juana Rosa Andresa Casamayor de La Coma (Zaragoza, November 30, 1720-Ibidem, October 23, 1780) was a Spanish mathematician, writer and teacher of girls who excelled in the handling of numbers and in arithmetic, areas that at that time they were common for men and not women. She is the only eighteenth-century Spanish scientist whose work is preserved, which is why the arithmetic Tyrocinio, instruction of the four plain rules, is the first scientific manual written by a woman in Spain

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Cosme Damián Churruca y Elorza (Motrico, Guipúzcoa, September 27, 1761 - Trafalgar, Cádiz, October 21, 1805) was a Spanish scientist, sailor and military man, brigadier of the Royal Navy and mayor of Motrico. He distinguished himself in the battle of Trafalgar in command of the ship of the line San Juan Nepomuceno, on board of which he met his death

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Juan José Delhuyar y Lubice (Logroño, June 15, 1754 - Bogotá, September 20, 1796), was a Spanish chemist who together with his brother Fausto managed to isolate tungsten for the first time, a fact that occurred in the facilities that the Royal The Basque Society of Friends of the Country had in the Guipuzcoan town of Vergara.

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Juan Manuel Guillermo de Aréjula y Pruzet was a Spanish surgeon and chemist who lived between the 18th and 19th centuries. Juan Manuel Guillermo de Aréjula y Pruzet was the son of Juan de Aréjula Burgos, a native of the small town of Fitero (Bishopric of Tarazona), and of Francisca Pruzet Badel, a native of Nimes (France). The fact of the birth of Juan Manuel in Lucena was due to the fact that his father was the senior surgeon of the Edinburgh Dragoon Regiment stationed in that city.

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Carlos de Sigüenza y Góngora (Mexico; August 15, 1645 - August 22, 1700) was a New Spain intellectual, polymath, historian and writer, who held numerous academic and governmental positions in New Spain. He was also a cosmographer and professor of mathematics at the Mexican Academy. He directed the excavations at Teotihuacán in 1675, which were the first archaeological excavations carried out in Mexico in the vice-royal period. He published in 1693 the first newspaper of the viceroyalty of New Spain, the Mercurio Steering wheel

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José Joaquín Ferrer y Cafranga (Pasajes, October 26, 1763-Bilbao, May 18, 1818) was a Spanish navigator, astronomer, cartographer and mathematician, 1 brother of the politician, diplomat and businessman Joaquín María Ferrer y Cafranga ( 1777-1861).

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Antonio de Ulloa y de la Torre-Giralt (Sevilla, 12 de enero de 1716-Isla de León, 5 de julio de 1795) fue un naturalista, militar y escritor español. Fue Gobernador de Luisiana. Se le considera descubridor del platino.

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Alessandro Malaspina, known in Spain as Alejandro Malaspina (Mulazzo, November 5, 1754 - Pontremoli, April 9, 1810), was an Italian nobleman and sailor in the service of Spain, brigadier of the Royal Navy, famous for starring in one of the great scientific journeys of the enlightened era, the so-called Malaspina Expedition (1788-94). After plotting to overthrow Godoy, he fell from grace, leading to his great achievements being forgotten.

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Pablo Antonio José de Olavide y Jáuregui

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Pablo Antonio José de Olavide y Jáuregui

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Pablo Antonio José de Olavide y Jáuregui (Lima, January 25, 1725 - Baeza, February 25, 1803) was a Spanish writer, translator, jurist and politician. He developed successful colonization companies in Spain known as the New Towns of Andalusia and Sierra Morena. He was tried and condemned by the Inquisition in 1778, although he managed to escape into exile in France. He was also a knight of the Order of Santiago.