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The history and understanding of Machu Picchu had been greatly changed due to the Spanish conquest. What was an astounding act of civilization, refinement, and labour is now a reminder of the conquest. It was a ruler’s home, a massive structure of sacred stones, a true example of the Inca empire’s reach. Despite their power, the Incas were conquered by the Spanish forces, their populations declining from diseases and certainly losing whatever religious functions were present in the structure.

This is a vitally important piece as it is a standing representation of the Inca empire before the Spanish conquest. It is now recognized as a site of Inca history, despite the many who passed in the time that they were being conquered.

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The painting on the buffalo-hide is of the native nations in battle against their enemies. The image and meaning is shaped by the conquest of the Euro-Americans as the settlers colonizing into their native land had killed off the buffalos, leaving pieces like these more significantly symbolizing the old ways of life. Not only does it depict the natives fighting in battle, it also shows what used to be.

This is important to add in this map as it reinforces the ideas of native land before it was interfered with, and tells the tale from the perspective of the native nations during this time of conquest.

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This artwork was directly meant to convey the effects of colonialism on Congo and the Congolese people. The premise of this artwork is that the new Congo looks over its shadow - the way it used to be. We see the cross grave mark to show that the native land that this place once was has died. It was a representation of the brutality and deplorable conditions of the Congolese people during the colonial era, when the were forced to work in mines and plantations, work camps, slavery, and more. It was an account of the death of what they knew, and the suffering that the people went through.

This piece was extremely significant in showing how colonialism destroyed places, history, and people. It’s a mourning of the lost land and the lost people, and it is a powerful piece as the post-colonial Congo looks at its old self pre-colonial.

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French colonizers saw this figure as a threat to Christianity, and so they were either burned and destroyed or were taken to Europe, modified to look like sculptures and removing the aspects of other religious purposes. They removed the posts, feathers and beads, they were painted over. Their entire African appearance was altered and removed, and all of its original meaning and purpose was stripped away after colonialism.

This is an important piece for this map as it truly signifies what colonialism looked like, and how the French neglected any appreciation or acknowledgement of religions and beliefs different from their own, and so they destroyed these spiritual figures.

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Palace plaque of a war chief, warriors, and attendants.

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A British raid, the Punitive expedition, resulted in many plaques being taken by British forces. Brass plaques may never be returned. It is particularly interesting as the figures in this plaque are also soldiers, as though the Nigerian soldiers have been taken captive by the soldiers of Britain. This art has been shaped as a symbol of what was taken by colonialism.

It is a piece that is not the result of colonialism, but is an artifact that was taken in the raids. It is also especially significant as it still has not been returned, so it is part of the colonialist times that is present today.