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March 3, 1865  Freedmen’s Bureau created

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March 3, 1865  Freedmen’s Bureau created

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1. Congress to help millions of former black slaves and poor whites in the South in the aftermath of the Civil War
2. It issued food and clothing, operated hospitals and temporary camps, helped locate family members, promoted education, helped freedmen legalize marriages, provided employment, supervised labor contracts

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April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

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April 15, 1865 Abraham Lincoln is assassinated 

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1.On the evening of April 14, 1865, John Wilkes Booth, a famous actor and Confederate sympathizer, assassinated President Abraham Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C.
2. Lincoln never lived to enact this policy. He died the following morning on April 15, 1865. His successor Andrew Johnson assumed office and presided over Reconstruction.

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April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president 

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April 15, 1865 Andrew Johnson becomes president 

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1.  He had been Vice President of the United States for only 42 days when he succeeded to the presidency.
2. In 1865 President Andrew Johnson implemented a plan of Reconstruction that gave the white South a free hand in regulating the transition from slavery to freedom and offered no role to blacks in the politics of the South. ... The end of the Civil War found the nation without a settled Reconstruction policy.

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1. Black codes were restrictive laws designed to limit the freedom of African Americans and ensure their availability as a cheap labor force after slavery was abolished during the Civil War.
2.  Mississippi’s law required blacks to have written evidence of employment for the coming year each January; if they left before the end of the contract, they would be forced to forfeit earlier wages and were subject to arrest.

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1.Passed by Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified on December 6, 1865, the 13th amendment abolished slavery in the United States and provides that "Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States

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1. The KKK rapidly grew from a secret social fraternity to a paramilitary force bent on reversing the federal government’s progressive Reconstruction Era-activities in the South, especially policies that elevated the rights of the local African American population.
2. the KKK engaged in terrorist raids against African Americans and white Republicans at night, employing intimidation, destruction of property, assault, and murder to achieve its aims and influence upcoming elections.

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1.The Civil Rights Act (1866) was passed by Congress on 9th April 1866 over the veto of President Andrew Johnson.
2. The act declared that all persons born in the United States were now citizens, without regard to race, color, or previous condition.

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1. After a shooting altercation between white policemen and black veterans recently mustered out of the Union Army, mobs of white residents and policemen rampaged through black neighborhoods and the houses of freedmen, attacking and killing black soldiers and civilians and committing many acts of robbery and arson.

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868 Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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March 2, 1867 - March 11, 1868 Reconstruction Acts of 1867

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1. The Reconstruction Act of 1867 outlined the terms for readmission to representation of rebel states. The bill divided the former Confederate states, except for Tennessee, into five military districts. ...
2. The act became law on March 2, 1867, after Congress overrode a presidential veto.

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July 28, 1868 14th Amendment is ratified

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July 28, 1868 14th Amendment is ratified

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1.The amendment grants citizenship to “all persons born or naturalized in the United States” which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War.
2. The 14th Amendment to the Constitution was ratified on July 9, 1868,

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions

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Winter 1868: Southern Constitutional Conventions

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1.“South Carolina has had a number of constitutions. The Provincial Congress of South Carolina adopted the state’s first constitution in 1776 but did not submit it to the people for ratification.
2. Reconstruction Acts were passed, requiring southern states to create new constitutions in order to be readmitted to Congress.

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February 3, 1870 15th Amendment is ratified

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February 3, 1870 15th Amendment is ratified

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1.Passed by Congress February 26, 1869, and ratified February 3, 1870, the 15th amendment granted African American men the right to vote.
2. For more than 50 years, the overwhelming majority of African American citizens were reduced to second-class citizenship under the “Jim Crow” segregation system.

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1875 Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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1875 Mississippi Plan or “Shotgun Policy”

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1.Known as the Shotgun Policy in South Carolina, the Mississippi Plan called for the bribery or intimidation of black voters.
2. Financial enticements were given to blacks who supported the Democrats, and violence was waged on others in order to convince them to join a Democratic club for protection.

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After the 1876 election Compromise of 1877

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After the 1876 election Compromise of 1877

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1.As a result of the so-called Compromise of 1877 (or Compromise of 1876), Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina became Democratic once again, effectively bringing an end to the Reconstruction era.
2.The presidential election of 1876 greatly impacted the Reconstruction movement. In this election, Samuel Tilden ran for the Democratic Party, and Rutherford B. ... In the compromise, Hayes received the electoral votes in the states where the results were disputed. This gave Hayes the presidency.