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a point in the body where two or more bones are joined in a way that permits movement.

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The main muscles in your body that move your bones are called voluntary muscles. They are called "voluntary" because you move them at will - that is, you choose to move them.

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Muscles function is to produce force and motion

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Muscles function is to produce force and motion

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there is three main types of muscles,  skeletal, smooth and cardiac.

Muscles are attached to the skeleton

Muscles contract and pull bones making them move about a joint.

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1) fixed or immoveable joints(fibrous joint)
- can't move at all
- are found in skull(cranium)
-are joined as fibrous connective tissue
2)Slightly moveable joints(cartilaginous joint)
-can move a small amount
-linked to ligaments and cartilage(which absorbs movement)
-found in the vertebral column(spine) and the ribs
3) Freely moveable joints(synovial joints)
-Greater amount of movement
-found in elbow, shoulder, knee, hip

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can be classified as one of four different types: gliding, angular, rotational, or special movement.

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In an antagonistic muscle pair as one muscle contracts the other muscle relaxes or lengthens

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Muscles that is contracting is called agonist

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1)ball and socket joints
-found in shoulder and hips
-large range of movement
-allow actions e.g overhead clear, badminton
2)hinge joints
-found in elbows and knees. Work same as hinges
-allow movement in one direction
-elbows and knees let us do a jump shot in basketball

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Regular exercise provides your muscular system with long-term benefits. Your muscles increase in size and strength, which promotes stability and good posture.

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Regular exercise provides your muscular system with long-term benefits. Your muscles increase in size and strength, which promotes stability and good posture.

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muscle that is relaxing or lengthening is called antagonist

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- ligament = hold bone to bone to prevent dislocation

- tendons = hold muscle to bone, a strong elastic tissue, withstand tension

- hyaline cartilage = covers the head of bone and joint socket (hard slippery layer that reduces friction)

- synovial fluid = lubricates the . joints for friction free movement

- synovial membrane = protects the synovial fluid

- joint capsule = protective barrier to ligament, tendon and cartilage

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Slow twitch- support long distance endurance activities like marathon running

Fast twitch- support quick, powerful movements such as sprinting or weightlifting

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Human skeleton, the internal skeleton that serves as a framework for the body. This framework consists of many individual bone and cartilages

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Longest, heaviest and strongest bone. Its function is weight bearing and stability of walking.

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Analysing the way muscles work is also vital in sport for improving movement and performance.

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It provide protection to the brain and structure the head.

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cells or basic building block of the muscle; they contract when a message from the brain tell them to, enabling movement

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There are 5 different part of spines in it,
Cervical spine
Thoracic spine
Lumbar spine
Sacrum spine
Coccyx spine
It gives body structure and support, allows body to move freely with flexibility. It also protects the spinal cord.

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1) Slow twitch fibres - use oxygen to fire; contract slowly, produce a little force, higher fatigue tolerance, good for endurance
2) Fast twitch fibres - contract quickly, produce a large amount of force, lower fatigue tolerance, good for strength and power

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Can lift the hyoid bone，When the hyoid bone is fixed, the mandible can be dragged.

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The two types of skeletal muscle fibers are slow-twitch(Type I) and fast-twitch (Type II).

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Leakage of synovial fluid can lead to synovial membrane puncture

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1. gives human body shape and support (e.g. backbone enables us to stay upright)
2. allows body to create movement (e.g. biceps muscle connects the shoulder and elbow and helps with lifting)
3. produces blood
4. protects vital organs, such as brain, heart and lungs (e.g. ribs help protect the heart and lungs)

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A membrane that covers the outer surface of all bones.

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The broad upper part of the sternum

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A viscous fluid found in the cavities of synovial
joints that reduces friction between the articular cartilage during movement.