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"A category of artistic composition, as in music or literature, characterized by similariites in form, style, or subject matter."

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"It is uses light sensitive film in cameras to capture photos, whenever the film is exposed to light, an impression is captures."

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"A twin lens camera is a type of camera with two objective lenses of the same focal length. One of the lenses is the photographic objective or "taking lens", while the other is used for the viewfinder system."

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"A darkened box with a convex lens or aperture for projecting the image of an external object onto a screen inside."

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"It is most commonly used chemical process in black and white photography, and is the fundamental chemical process for modern analog color photography."

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"A keeper or custodian of a museum or other collection."

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"A public display of works or art items of interest, held in an gallery or museum or at a trade fair."

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"A room or building for the display or sale of work of art."

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"A room or building for the display or sale of work of art."

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"A room or building for the display or sale of works of art."

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"It is often a business owned and represented by one or more photographers, possibly accompanied by assistants and pupils, who create and sell their own and sometimes others photographs."

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"An element of art defined by a point moving in space. Line may be two-or three-dimensional, descriptive, implied, or abstract"

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"An element of art that is two-dimensional, flat, or limited to height and width."

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"An element of art that is three-dimensional and encloses volume; includes height, width AND depth (as in a cube, a sphere, a pyramid, or a cylinder). Form may also be free flowing."

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"The lightness or darkness of tones or colors. White is the
lightest value; black is the darkest. The value halfway
between these extremes is called middle gray"

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"An element of art by which positive and negative areas are
defined or a sense of depth achieved in a work of art ."

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"An element of art made up of three properties: hue, value,
and intensity.
• Hue: name of color
• Value: hue’s lightness and darkness (a color’s value
changes when white or black is added)
• Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high
intensity= color is strong and bright; low intensity=
color is faint and dull)"

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"An element of art that refers to the way things feel, or look
as if they might feel if touched."

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“Is the distribution of the visual weight of objects, colors, texture, and space. If the design was a scale, these elements should be balanced to make a design feel stable. In symmetrical balance, the elements used on one side of the design are similar to those on the other side; in asymmetrical balance, the sides are different but still look balanced. In radial balance, the elements are arranged around a central point and may be similar.”

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“Is the path the viewer’s eye takes through the work of art, often to focal areas. Such movement can be directed along lines, edges, shape, and color within the work of art. “

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“is the feeling of harmony between all parts of the work of art, which creates a sense of completeness.”

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“ is the feeling of unity created when all parts (sizes, amounts, or number) relate well with each other. When drawing the human figure, proportion can refer to the size of the head compared to the rest of the body.”

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“Is  is the part of the design that catches the viewer’s attention. Usually the artist will make one area stand out by contrasting it with other areas. The area could be different in size, color, texture, shape, etc”

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“is the repeating of an object or symbol all over the work of art.”

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“ is the use of several elements of design to hold the viewer’s attention and to guide the viewer’s eye through and around the work of art”.

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"Symmetry around a central axis, as in a starfish or a tulip flower."

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"the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis."

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"lack of equality or equivalence between parts or aspects of something; lack of symmetry."

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"the fact of two things being seen or placed close together with contrasting effect."

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"is a means of depicting a visual image that does not have an immediate association with the object world and that has been created through the use of photographic equipment, processes or materials."

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"Gradients, also known as color transitions, are a gradual blending from one color to another color (or, if you're in a colorful mood, from one color to another color to another color—gradients aren't limited to two shades)."

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"The phrase cool color is used to describe any color that is calm or soothing in nature. Cool colors are not overpowering and tend to recede in space. For this reason, cool colors typically make a space seem larger. Examples of cool colors include green, blue and violet (think calming blue waters)."

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"Warm colors consist of orange, red, yellow, and combinations of these and similar colors. Visually, warm colors look as though they come closer, or advance (as do dark colors), which is why they're often used to make large rooms seem cozier."

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"Neutral colors are created by using white and black or are created by mixing sets of complementary colors together to make varying shades of brown."

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"Complementary colors are basically colors which are on directly opposite sides of the color wheel."

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"Monochrome means one color, so in relation to art, a monochrome artwork is one that includes only one color."

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"Constructive criticism focuses on providing constructive feedback, supported by specific examples, to help you improve in some area. Constructive criticism should be offered in a friendly manner with good intentions."

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"The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own."

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"Relating to moral principles or the branch of knowledge dealing with these."

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"(Of a person or their judgment) not influenced by personal feelings or opinions in considering and representing facts."

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"The exclusive legal right, given to an originator or an assignee to print, publish, perform, film, or record literary, artistic, or musical material, and to authorize others to do the same."

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"The rule of thirds is a composition guideline that places your subject in the left or right third of an image, leaving the other two thirds more open. While there are other forms of composition, the rule of thirds generally leads to compelling and well-composed shots."

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"Leading lines are lines that appear in a photograph that have been framed and positioned by the photographer to draw the viewer's eye towards a specific point of interest. These lines often draw the viewer's eye in a specific direction or towards a designated portion of the"

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"The golden ratio is a ratio of approximately 1.618 to 1. It has been used for centuries by artists, architects, and musicians, but it can also be found everywhere in the natural world. To use the golden ratio in photography, you simply apply it to the placement of objects in your composition."

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"Negative space, in art, is the space around and between the subject of an image. Negative space may be most evident when the space around a subject, not the subject itself, forms an interesting or artistically relevant shape, and such space occasionally is used to artistic effect as the "real" subject of an image."

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"Positive space refers to the subject or areas of interest in an artwork, such as a person's face or figure in a portrait, the objects in a still life painting, or the trees in a landscape painting. Negative space is the background or the area that surrounds the subject of the work."

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"In lighting design, backlighting is the process of illuminating the subject from the back."

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"Diffused light, or soft light, is light that's filtered by something. Sunlight through a sheer curtain is diffused. Light from behind a lampshade is diffused compared to the direct light of a bare bulb. The lampshade softens and scatters the light."

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"Ambient light can be defined as any form of light that you didn't add to your photo. ... Natural ambient light can include things like sunlight, moonlight or fireflies."

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"An effect of contrasted light and shadow created by light falling unevenly or from a particular direction on something."

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"The dark shape and outline of someone or something visible against a lighter background, especially in dim light."

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"ISO is your camera's sensitivity to light as it pertains to either film or a digital sensor. A lower ISO value means less sensitivity to light, while a higher ISO means more sensitivity."

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"Aperture refers to the opening of a lens's diaphragm through which light passes. ... Lower f/stops give more exposure because they represent the larger apertures, while the higher f/stops give less exposure because they represent smaller apertures."

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"In optics, the f-number of an optical system such as a camera lens is the ratio of the system's focal length to the diameter of the entrance pupil."

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"Lens focal length tells us the angle of view—how much of the scene will be captured—and the magnification—how large individual elements will be."

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"Depth of field is the distance between the closest and farthest objects in a photo that appears acceptably sharp."

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"Bokeh is defined as “the effect of a soft out-of-focus background that you get when shooting a subject, using a fast lens, at the widest aperture, such as f/2.8 or wider.” "

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"Diptych is a combination of two images placed immediately next to each other to make an artistic statement or comparison. The photographs can be identical or they can be different; there are no hard and fast rules – they simply have to be next to each other."

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"A triptych is a group of 3 separate images displayed together. But crucially, the 3 images are more than just 3 photographs set out next to each other - they work together to create something more than that."

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"A method of projection in which an object is depicted or a surface mapped using parallel lines to project its shape onto a plane."

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"Barrel distortion describes a type of distortion wherein lines that are straight in real life appear to curve inwards"

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"In which the image of a straight line appears to be curved convexly toward the axis compare barrel distortion."

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"The ASA (American Standards Association) scale is an arbitrary rating of film speed; that is, the sensitivity of the film to light. If everything else is kept constant, the required exposure time is inversely proportional to the ASA rating."

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"An image sensor or imager is a sensor that detects and conveys information used to make an image. "

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"Film grain or granularity is the random optical texture of processed photographic film due to the presence of small particles of a metallic silver, or dye clouds, developed from silver halide that have received enough photons. ... It can be objectionably noticeable in an over-enlarged film photograph."

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"Image noise is random variation of brightness or color information in images, and is usually an aspect of electronic noise. It can be produced by the image sensor and circuitry of a scanner or digital camera."

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"Based on or influenced by personal feelings, tastes, or opinions."

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"A symbol, word, or words legally registered or established by use as representing a company or product."

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"Auto Mode. Automatic Exposure is when the camera chooses the optimum shutter speed, aperture, ISO and flash settings for your shot.

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"As the name suggests, “Manual” mode stands for a full manual control of Aperture and Shutter Speed. In this mode, you can manually set both the aperture and the shutter speed to any value you want – the camera lets you fully take over the exposure controls."

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"Aperture priority, often abbreviated A or Av (for aperture value) on a camera mode dial, is a setting on some cameras that allows the user to set a specific aperture value (f-number) while the camera selects a shutter speed to match it that will result in proper exposure based on the lighting conditions"

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"Shutter priority mode is a semi-automatic shooting mode in cameras. It allows the user to select a shutter speed while the camera automatically adjusts the aperture to get the correct exposure. In Canon camera's it is labeled as Tv (Time value) or in Nikon as S (Shutter Priority auto)"

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"Program mode (the "P" on the mode dial of most DSLRs) means that the camera still sets the exposure for you. It chooses the correct aperture and shutter speed for the light available, so your shot is correctly exposed. Program mode also unlocks other functions that give you more creative control over your images."

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"Shutter speed is exactly what it sounds like: It's the speed at which the shutter of the camera closes. A fast shutter speed creates a shorter exposure — the amount of light the camera takes in — and a slow shutter speed gives the photographer a longer exposure."

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"Bulb mode is an exposure setting on your camera that allows you to hold your shutter open for as long as you want. When Bulb mode is set, your shutter will stay open for as long as you have your finger on the shutter button, either on the camera or via a remote release."

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"Motion blur is the apparent streaking of moving objects in a photograph or a sequence of frames, such as a film or animation. It results when the image being recorded changes during the recording of a single exposure, due to rapid movement or long exposure."

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" Both a tripod and monopod are accessories designed to support a camera — where the two differ are the legs. A tripod has three legs (that's the “tri”). A monopod is a camera support that has one leg (that's the “mono”). Much of the rest of the design is similar across both accessories."

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"Camera shake is a term used to define the act of accidentally shaking a camera during shooting due to unsteady hands, which results in blurry images. This generally occurs more often if you're shooting on a low shutter speed or with a heavy lens, and can be avoided by using a tripod and cable release setup."

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"Long exposure refers to taking a photograph with shutter speeds of between a few seconds to a few hours and is a great technique to capture striking landscape photos. "

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"Time-lapse photography is most commonly used to capture slow processes that normally wouldn't be very visible or interesting if being watched with just the human eye"

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"Light painting, painting with light, light drawing, or light art performance photography are terms that describe photographic techniques of moving a light source while taking a long exposure photograph"

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"Panning is a creative technique that can convey a real sense of movement in action photos. ... But if you use a slower shutter speed and move (or pan) the camera at the same speed as your subject, then you can get the moving subject sharp in the photo while the background and any static objects become a smooth blur."

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"Burst mode, also called continuous shooting mode, is a feature using which a photographer can take multiple shots continuously in a fraction of second. The camera takes multiple frames in one second and arranges them in a sequence to analyse the movement.

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"With spot metering, the camera will measure only a very small area of the scene (1–5% of the viewfinder area). By default this is the centre of the scene. The user can select a different off-centre spot or recompose by moving the camera after metering"

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"Center-weighted average metering works on the assumption that the most important part of the image is probably in the center. It measures the whole scene but places extra emphasis on the light values in the middle. Center-weighted averaging is a bit of a throwback."

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Partial Metering is a camera-metering mode in which the metering is weighted at the center of the viewfinder (unlike center-weighted in which the camera averages the exposure based on the reading at the center). ... Partial metering will enable correct exposure of your subject, however the background will be over-exposed."

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"Evaluative metering is the default metering mode on most cameras. It ensures that the camera will automatically adjust to the right exposure setting even when the ambient lighting shows greater contrast."

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"In photography, painting, and other visual arts, middle gray or middle grey is a tone that is perceptually about halfway between black and white on a lightness scale; in photography and printing, it is typically defined as 18% reflectance in visible light."

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A shadow is defined as a contour of an object that forms due to the blockage of a light source. ... Shadow photography is also defined as the manipulation of the light source, exposure of the shadow to add or remove darkness from the image, and the increased dramatic

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Midtones are the areas of an image that are neither bright nor dark. Highlights refer to the bright parts of an image, and the shadows are the dark parts.

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Highlights are the lightest elements in an image, whereas shadows are the darkest areas. Dynamic range is the ratio between those vivid highlights and dark shadows, from bright white to pure black. That range is key to an image's depth and drama. If a photo has poor dynamic range, the image can appear flat or gray.

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From old historic photos in an antique shop to art prints in a museum, sepia photography is instantly recognizable. “Sepia photography is similar to black-and-white photography in that it's monochromatic, meaning one tone or one color. But it's more brown or tan,” says photographer Ellen Fisch.

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A vignette is a darker border - sometimes as a blur or a shadow - at the periphery of photos. It can be an intentional effect to highlight certain aspects of the image or as a result of using the wrong settings, equipment or lens when taking a photo.

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An AF point is a specific part of the frame where the camera is able to focus on something. When looking through the viewfinder, these points are denoted by small squares clustered around the centre of the frame.

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Bracketing is a technique where a photographer takes shots of the same image using different camera settings.

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The exposure meter indicates the level of light reaching the sensor. Too much light results in over exposure which gives you a photo that is too light and lacking detail.

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A white balance card (or gray card) helps you adjust the white balance and exposure settings of images by providing a reference point. The reference point prompts your camera to compensate for any white light on an image.

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Exposure compensation is used to alter exposure from the value selected by the camera, making photographs brighter or darker

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Go up to the Window menu, choose Workspace, and then choose New Workspace. Or, click on the Workspace icon and choose New Workspace. In the New Workspace dialog box, enter the exact same name as the existing workspace.

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The toolbar is where Photoshop holds the many tools we have to work with. There are tools for making selections, for cropping and retouching images, for adding shapes and type, and many more!