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Chemically, proteins contain the same atoms as carbohydrates and lipids - carbon, hydrogen and oxygen - but proteins also contain nitrogen atoms. These nitrogen atoms give the name amino to the amino acids - the links in the chains of proteins.

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Fun facts
- Helps us feel fuller for longer
- "protein" comes from the Greek word "proteios" meaning primary
Misconceptions
- Protein only helps to build muscle
Protein is actually responsible for supporting a healthy immune system, can regulate blood glucose, and many other roles.
- Protein is only found in muscles
Protein is found in muscles, bones, joints, tendons, hormones, enzymes etc.
- You can't get enough protein on a plant-based diet
While most plant foods do not contain the same quantity of protein as meats, they are often lower in calories and other nutrients that can be avoided

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Egg whites go from clear to opaque when they are fried because of protein!

Egg whites contain large amounts of proteins called albumins, and the albumins normally have a specific 3D shape, thanks to bonds formed between different amino acids in the protein. Heating causes these bonds to break and exposes hydrophobic amino acids usually kept on the inside of the protein.

The hydrophobic amino acids, trying to get away from the water surrounding them in the egg white, will stick to one another, forming a protein network that gives the egg white structure while turning it white and opaque.

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Protein consist of amino acids which function as building blocks in the construction of tissues such as muscle. This is important in the growth and maintenance of the body.

Along with this, proteins make up enzymes, which allow for biochemical reactions such as digestion to occur, and hormones, which act as chemical messengers around the body such as insulin.

Protein also functions to provide the body with structure. Keratin, collagen and elastin are all proteins that form the framework of structures around the body.

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There are 17kJ in one gram of protein which is equivalent to 4 calories. This is less than the energy content of fat and the same as the energy content in carbohydrates.

Examples:
One medium Banana: 1.3g of protein and 105 calories
113g chicken breast 25g of protein and 136 calories

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Protein should account for 10-35% of the total food energy.
- Adult males RDI is 0.84 grams per kilograms of body weight per day.
- Adult females RDI is 0.75 grams per kilogram of body weight per day.
- Infants, children, pregnant women during second and third trimesters, breastfeeding women and people over 70 years of age, the RDI is slightly higher.
- The protein RDI is the same for athletes as for some others even though. athletes may need more protein