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It compares the amount of radiation received to natural background radiation received over a specified period such as days.

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Optimization for radiation.
Synonymous with ALARA

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Radon gas is colorless, odorless, radioactive gas

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Exposure is the amount of ionization produced in air when ionizing radiation is present.
Absorbed dose is the amount of energy that is deposit in a material per unit mass of the material.
Effective dose is an attempt to provide a quantity that is a measure of general harm in humans.

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Positively and negatively charged particles.
When passing through normal matter, X-rays were observed to produce electrically charged particles along their path. The altered atoms or molecules comprising these charged particles were called ions.

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Basic methods of Protection (Cardinal Rules of Radiation)

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Basic methods of Protection (Cardinal Rules of Radiation)

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Time
Distance
Shielding

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Types of secondary radiation barriers include
the control booth
lead aprons
the x-ray tube housing

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Why should the selection of technical exposure factors for all medical imaging procedures always follow ALARA?

Because radiation-induced cancer does not appear to have a dose level which individuals would have no chance of developing this disease.

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When  Röntgen began his study of the invisible x-rays,  it was unlikely that he would be able to identify all of the properties of this new discovery.  Röntgen’s investigation was so thorough,  however,  that no scientist since has been able to add to the list of properties  Röntgen identified.

Through  his  use  of  the  scientific  method,  Röntgen  found that x-rays:

1.Are highly penetrating, invisible rays that are a form of electromagnetic radiation.

2.Are electrically neutral and,  therefore,  not affected by either electric or magnetic fields.

3.Can be produced over a wide variety of energies and wavelengths (polyenergetic and heterogeneous).

4.Release very small amounts of heat upon passing through matter.

5.Travel in straight lines.

6.Travel  at  the  speed  of  light

7.Can ionize matter.

8.Cause fluorescence (the emission of light) of certain crystals.

9.Cannot be focused by a lens.

10.Affect photographic film.

11.Produce chemical and biological changes in matter through ionization and excitation.

12.Produce secondary and scatter radiation.

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Physics of How Wilhelm Roentgen Discovered X-rays

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The transfer of kinetic energy, or energy of motion from one location to another.