# data[].attributes.body
Misinformation concerning health has particularly severe consequences with regard to people's quality of life and even their risk of mortality; therefore, understanding it within today's modern context is an extremely important task.

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The internet has become a popular resource to learn about health and to investigate one's own health condition. However, given the large amount of inaccurate information online, people can easily become misinformed. Individuals have always obtained information from outside the formal health care system, so how has the internet changed people's engagement with health information? This review explores how individuals interact with health misinformation online, whether it be through search, user-generated content, or mobile apps. We discuss whether personal access to information is helping or hindering health outcomes and how the perceived trustworthiness of the institutions communicating health has changed over time. To conclude, we propose several constructive strategies for improving the online information ecosystem. Misinformation concerning health has particularly severe consequences with regard to people's quality of life and even their risk of mortality; therefore, understanding it within today's modern context is an extremely important task.

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Fake news about health may give you the wrong advice about how best to manage your health and wellbeing. If you take false information as fact, it may mislead you into making the wrong decisions. It can also cause unnecessary worry and confusion.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, it may change your behaviour and attitudes towards:

the virus

other people

how to protect yourself and others

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Considering that the internet is a wide medium, the spread of false information may be considered normal. But you cannot expect a positive welcome of the propagandas and disinformation about the virus that has been killed just about 2,6 millions of people. Even just because of these disinformations, people may die. Everyone has the right to learn correct information. Of course propagandas and  conspiracy theories should have been banned at every topic, but if it's about health; it's much more necessary.

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Since internet is can not be controlled at all spreading false informations in every field of life becomes more and more easy. Yet it doesn't mean we have to welcome these false informationss and whom spread them. Since the bliss persons and children who can not decide what is true or false, tries or trust everything they see in internet that might endanger their lives. And to prevent this -it especially becomes urgent in field health- governments must make sanctions to deter them.

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Health is the most important thing in life thus people try multiple ways to protect it, when it's the case the people with bad intentions, usually people who seek their gain through it starts to spread fake or harmful information and medicine techniques and drugs to make money or advertisement. This usually leads to death or unreversable damages to one's body. To prevent that, government or private organisations should check the facts of the sites or give a special allowance to those who are actually licensed

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In fact, one of the issues people need to get the most accurate information about is "health." Articles that contain false information about this issue should be identified , removed from online sites and should not threaten people further . Because people have the right to access accurate information about health and indeed all other issues.

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Disinformation adversely affects human life in all areas but this issue is more serious in the field of health. Because false news on this subject endangers human health. Therefore, everyone should be sensitive and careful in this subject. People should be informed about disinformation. Propaganda and conspiracy theories should be prevented. You need to reach the correct information by researching, interpreting and comparing. You need to be a good health literate to avoid disinformation.

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Disinformation is a very important issue. It becomes much more important, especially in the field of health. People care about their health. Malicious people who know this are giving false information in order to make money. Articles and sites that cause disinformation can be removed. Disinformation in the field of health can be prevented by penalizing the owners of this site and article.

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In the field of e-Health, measures to be taken regarding disinformation are very important. Because in this area, human life is in question. A mistake that can be made can lead to dire consequences. Therefore, health literacy gains great importance. For example, the idea that eating apricot kernels will cure cancer is a misconception that can be found on the internet. There is no scientific evidence to support it, and it is well known that eating apricot kernels can even cause cyanide poisoning. This example alone reveals how critical the situation is. Therefore, it is of great importance that we comply with the main disinformation criteria.

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Hearsay informations are  having a great  part in our lives and with the communication,unverified information is travelling the World  and That’s apparent it’s effecting people.That makes sense  to concerning  these stuffs  with deaths.We already know that even a smallest incident can easily change the World.Actually,this disinformations can cause Butterfly Effect,therefore if  even a little fake article is detected can block the negative results.Having said that WWI where millions of people  died is just started with the death of an heir.

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In my opinion, any misinformation can easily mislead people. Because you know, there are people out there who believe everything they see online. And this can quickly affect their health and everything. So how can we prevent this? The public should be informed about disinformation by the authorities. In addition, they should keep people informed about every covid news. Thus, people can understand the accuracy of the information.

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I think the psychology of people is very important in these times. I think psychological health is essential for physical health and exaggerated, scary and false news on the internet significantly affect human psychology. The most basic thing to do to avoid being affected by them is to inform people

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With the coronavirus, people now use health more and get information. Even the deaths, cases, and recovery numbers announced are of great importance in terms of informing the public. The accuracy of this information is of course very important. In a time when the spread of misinformation and misinformation has increased so much, it has become almost impossible to be sure of the accuracy of the information we see on the internet. Disinfection is a situation that should be prevented not only in health, in all areas;but in my opinion, health is the area that should be reduced the most because people have the right to obtain the most accurate information for their own health.

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Especially during the coronavirus process, perhaps the health sector experienced the biggest information pollution of its period. we all found hundreds of information, hundreds of pages, hundreds of ideas on a topic, maybe hundreds of information on the internet. We have all seen that the only way to prevent this is to become conscious about media literacy.

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Fake news in the field of e-health is particularly dangerous - we could see this for ourselves in the era of pandemics. Fake news about the current pandemic does nothing positive - it is a factor in creating panic among people.
It is therefore particularly important now to identify the true information - so that we do not fall into unnecessary fear and stress about the epidemic and can realistically determine the way forward.

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In my opinion, we learn a lot about coronavirus online, besides, we read about it in fake news and we can't tell which is right and which is wrong. When we can't tell if we're reading false news, we're learning about the wrong measures, the wrong health information, the potential for harm to us is much greater. People should be informed and precautions should be taken for such misinformation.

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Especially in this important period we are in, it is very important to reach the correct information. As we all know, health is not a joke. False news prevents us from taking the right and necessary measures, and this puts us in a difficult position. It is especially important not to apply every treatment we see without consulting a relevant person. It may cause other health problems. Care should be taken and the necessary research should be done.

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Disinformation in the field of health has increased rapidly with the pandemic period.However,it is not right for anyone to ignore these fake news,espacially on an important issue such as health and covid 19.Drugs and treatment methods,healthy lifestyle reccomendations that don't have any scientific basis on social media threaten the health of people.In addition,fake news is also effective in creating an opposing view against true information ( like anti-vaccination )and misinforming he public in times of crisis or pandemic.Therefore,it is very important to identfy disinformation articles.

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With the 21st century, new communication technologies have transformative effects on social life and communication environment. With the internet and social media being more integrated into daily life, there have been changes in the understanding of communication and journalism. Health news has also been affected by these changes. With the changes, advertisers, malicious individuals, often those who want to make money from fake news, spread fake or harmful information in the media.It can cause death or irreversible harm to someone who reads and believes in the news, so government or private entities should check the facts of the sites and people should truly trust the licensed information.

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In the extraordinary process we are going through, it has become more important than ever to reach the right news and act according to the right information. We take precautions and organize our lives according to this current information. Therefore, it is vitally important to distinguish true information from false or disinformation data.

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Instead of accessing scientific, accurate and reliable information, the news that has an unknown source and directs the society to unsafe health behaviors threaten our health. Especially the vast majority of children fail to distinguish between real and fake news. This also shows how important media literacy is.

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As serious as the disease is the cause of the spread of misinformation to people both online and with hearsay information false measures are greatly damaging to human health, if not physically, but spiritually. So we need to get the right information from the right sources under the heading eHealth and in real life. False information can cause problems for our health or the health of other people that we would not hope for. I don't think we should get information from the wrong source and then compromise on propaganda about the process.

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These days, discussions about health misinformation (defined here as, false content that is intentionally, unconsciously, or mistakenly circulated) are usually focused on anti-vaccine content. This is important because an increase in anti-vaccine sentiments has paralleled an increase in outbreaks of vaccine preventable diseases like measles in the United States. Social media platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, Youtube, and Pinterest are taking steps to curb the spread of anti-vaccine postings on their platforms, as they should.

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Fake news in health can cause serious problems for both the society and the people who run the state. For example: A news that country X has serious health problems seems to be striking by not treating patients because most of the healthcare personnel do not pay their salaries, and it can seriously affect the society and revolt the people.

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Fake news is a big problem, especially in health. There may be problems such as people shaking their trust in healthcare professionals and looking negatively at the right treatments, which can lead to loss of life.

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Fake news is a big health problem. Problems such as people shaking their trust in healthcare professionals and looking negatively on treatments may arise, and this can create major health problems.To prevent this, employees who are interested in that profession can make a news about health, or healthcare professionals may be asked to inspect fake news on the Internet as a new job.

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Fake news about health can cause people to face serious health problems. Therefore, we should not believe in every news we read about health and we should investigate as in all matters. I think the most reliable address for health is Hospital

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In fact, it's about how much we suspect and seek the information we know. Thus, one can change everything with his own disinformation. Humanity already knew and lived through this problem. However, the coronavirus triggered this situation even more. And the answer to the question is: Of course! This is really significant.Namely if governments and scientists work more diligently, this problem will disappear.

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Due to the increased use of the Internet, it has become much easier to spread false information. The spread of false information puts people in particular danger to their health. False articles and many things that put human health at risk should be eliminated. To prevent this, sanctions must be imposed by governments.

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Unfortunately, during this challenging health process, many people take some precautions, believing that they only read on the internet. The only thing on the minds of these misleading people is their own gain. For such malevolent people, health means nothing. To be in front of such businesses, public awareness or unofficial sites should be closed. As an individual, at least as long as we do these, we can reach the most accurate information without wrong ways.

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Unfounded news makes it even more unclear who will trust whom and what. Instead of access to scientific, accurate and reliable information, news that leads to unsafe health behavior in society, whose source is unclear, threatens the health of all of us. It is therefore quite important for us people to define the accuracy of these articles. For this reason,we can be protected from some unfounded news by matching the claims presented in the news with their sources and checking their accuracy,paying attention to whether the source of the information in the news is presented, investigating whether the person who wrote the news is obvious and whether he is competent in this regard.

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Health is also vital in the current period. Because we lead a new and extraordinary life different from our normal life. Having false and false news in most of our lives; There have been frequent rumors that prioritize disinfection.

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People can die or cause the virus to spread more because of false news made by people ignorantly. I think these things that are done by using people's will to believe something are the worst among the disinformation, especially the information distortions made during the pandemic period can cause great harm to both states and people. In such a critical environment, our duty is to verify the accuracy of information and act accordingly. We have to be a good media literate to do these things.

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Fake information can ruin someones day or even their lives but if that fake information is about healt it can cause health issues or even death. I think we seen very good examples of impact of fake news on public health during coronavirus pandemic and that shows the importancy of people checking the information they learned role of fighting the corona. To prevent spreading fake information about health, public should be educated. And also there must be strict laws about fake news about health like fines or imprisment.  Also considering significant amount fake news spreading from social media apps, companies that own these apps should also do something about it like banning people that spred misinformation and warn their users about it. And there should be a website that helps people about verificating facts that they found online.

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Fake news about e-health can undermine trust in healthcare professionals. In addition, an example of fake news in e-health could be saying that the vaccine is a bad thing and that we may be infertile. Instead of believing these news immediately, it is necessary to find the source and check whether it is reliable.

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People should first listen carefully to television channels or meetings attended by specialist doctors after a deep research.

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Actually, it is very, very important.  I think we are fighting a very tough virus worldwide and we believe in the false news because people do not know much about the virus yet, and such disinformation affects our fight against the virus both physically and psychologically.

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I think at times like this, people's psychology breaks down and they can't think right. Normally, they even start believing news that they wouldn't believe in real life. We must warn people to prevent this.

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Perhaps the most important of many fake news topics is the news about health. Especially in these days when the pandemic is on the rise, everyone is sharing something about health. The top 50 fake health news items in 2019 gathered more than 12 million posts, comments and reactions. It is really wrong for news agencies to share fake news while it is wrong to share so many news on social media and to be lies. For example, the Health Feedback and Reliability Coalition found that three-quarters of the articles published by famous news sources in 2019 "were either misleading or contained some false information." Also, only 26% of the articles shared were rated as highly scientific. For this reason, such control mechanisms should be established in every country, the news should be checked and penalties should be applied.

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Today, with the development of industry and technology, environmental pollution and the depletion of the ozone layer cause global epidemics for all living things. The last example of this is the epidemic of Kovid 19. The whole world is affected by this epidemic in our country. However, then this epidemic is over, and in the opposite case, we can deal with this epidemic for years.

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Almost everyone uses digital health. Tracking personal health information and obtaining general health information is now available through digital tools. misinformation about this needs to be avoided. for this, people must be given accurate information through clean work.

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Digital health monitoring should make it easier for people to access personal health data. In addition, forgeries should not be entered into this data. it is important to use information effectively in the digital age, as well as to analyze data.

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Fake news in E-Health is really dangerous. It makes people feel confused and can make them lose trust to professionalists. It can be dangerous also because when people don't trust doctors or they don't want to cure their illneses they will probably die as a result of serious conditions.

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People often trust unverified sources instead of doctors. which makes it possible for some people not to get vaccinated for covid

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Fake news in e health is really harmfull and can be very dangerous especially now in the times of a global pandemic. Right now fake news makes people panic for all the wrong reasons.

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In this pandemic times we are looking for an information about covid19 and those fake news are causing lots og harm. Conspiracy and fake articles need to be reduced from the internet for the good sake of all our humanity.

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It's very important to verify every information we find in the internet about coronavirus because it can cause several problems for us and others. For example if I read in internet that this virus only infects through blood it would be a disinformation and I could be infected because I was prepared in other way than I should be.

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At a time when everyone is worried about Covid, the fake news environment is thriving. Depending on the needs of the media or the government, information about Covid is misrepresented by them. Creating propaganda fear or convincing that pandemic has passed to hold elections and after that again government implemented lockdown again.

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Fake news is often very harmful to society, especially when it comes to health. There is a lot of bogus news regarding the coronavirus these days. Unfortunately, many people believe in this information without checking its source, so it happens that they try to heal themselves. It can do great damage.

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It is important to identify false health messages. For example, someone has a health problem and reads many articles about it. One day he comes acoss an article on how to eat healthy and it turns out that the information was not true. By doing so, that person can aggravate their health problems and lead to unfortunate incident.

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Seeking legal information when it comes to health topics is always very important.  Regardless of whether it is the corona virus, the flu or something even more serious.  It is best to look for this type of information from specialists, not on Facebook or internet forums.  Take every piece of information with a pinch of salt.  Only a doctor can answer such questions well.

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Fake news on health can be a double edged blade since it could calm people down and make them worry less or it could make people panic uncontrollably. Most of the time it is dangerous since newspapers like to make things sound bigger than it really is to sell more resulting in people believe in false theory about viruses and diseases.

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Fake news is very dangerous especially when it comes to eHealth. Fake news can even kill. For example, if, under its influence, someone goes off their medication, forgoes a protective vaccination or makes another decision affecting their health.

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The most important thing is to stop as soon as possible fake news about alleged products or strange substances that supposedly can protect against infection and have not been given by scientists.  Also, not wearing masks when all institutions, medical and others, say they protect us from the coronavirus.  Such information can even lead to the collapse of civilization.

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Fake news in eHealth is dangerous, especially in the age of pandemics. More and more people are starting to believe coronavirus information that is not true, causing them to stop trusting specialists and doctors.

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A new way of life was brought upon us without much notice and we were all confused, some, mostly middle-aged and up, were a little more since they've been living the same way for a longer time and aren't that prone to change. The isolation turned to boredom and boredom fueled gullibility, but I'm off-topic. In these tough times people wanted someone to blame and someone that would represent their flawed beliefs, people were desperate and they wanted the pandemic to be fake, like a bad dream but their refusal became dangerous since they wouldn't cooperate with the pandemic laws. Misinformation regarding any health topic can cause many deaths but when it comes to such a big worldwide danger it is even worse.

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In something as serious as a pandemic facing the world these days the world is upset. The more time passes, the more rumors , opinions and views of the people . Some are correct because they come from people who are well acquainted with subject and have the opportunity to speak, and others from people who just heard friends , relatives or even posts from strangers they believed in. In all that we are faced with we must know the sources we are right and not to make theories.

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Panagiotis
The fake news about e health is very dangerous because with this way make panic and fear on people and about coronavarious the fake news are frequent occurrence in fake sites

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Misinformation about human health can cause serious problems. Especially in this process where we are struggling with a deadly virus, this spread of false information causes much more important problems because there is a global impact. Therefore, detecting articles containing false information is of great importance not only for us but also globally.

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I think this occupies a huge place in our lives. Obviously, health is already very important, and besides that, it is also the case that people learn the developments in the health field correctly. Any fake news in the field of health, even if it is a simple thing, I am sure will affect us very quickly. That's why we should be especially careful and do research on this issue. We encountered this situation frequently in the covid-19 process. We are faced with new information every day, so I think media literacy and research are a need for us.

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The implications and dangers fake news  creates are many and serious. First and foremost, it can create a faulse feeling of protection or panic to the people that come to believe them as facts,  by influencing their actions accordingly. Of course, fake information about eHealth not only affects people physicaly, but mentally too. Unfortunally, cases where their stress levels and panic rise dramatically by the missinformation,deterirating their sence of tranquillity from the insite out aren't few.

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For me it is important to identify disinformation articles to get them off the web, because now people believe everything. Therefore they must be eliminated. In 2021 it is easy to create websites with fake news. People believing these things make wrong rumors or fake news go around, and maybe they believe it too. This is my opinion.

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MANUEL C./ITALY
On the web there are a lot of fake news that not everyone knows how to recognize and that can lead to damage and misinformation, especially in this period of pandemic there are a lot of fake news on the corona virus and on the e-health field in general, it is very important to understand when you read a fake news to avoid spreading it and that it could cause damage to us or to others. In my opinion there should be more controls on the web to prevent fake news from spreading. To understand the danger of fake news we can take the example with Trump, who said that to defeat the corona virus it was enough to inject the disinfectant into the body, a lot of americans failing to recognize that it was a fake news and they really did it, and many are were seriously injured. Therefore it is very important to be able to distinguish fake news.

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Eliminating fake articles is very important because otherwise a fake news would spread where everyone would believe. For example, fake news about the covid 19 vaccine should not be spread on the web. In fact, as soon as fake news spread, everyone got scared

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It is very important to be able to recognize false information from true information because in this period of pandemic with wrong information, real revolts could be unleashed, not taking into account that with false information one can do terrorism, for example on vaccines by inventing or exaggerating side effects to the point of saying that they lead to death by frightening people who will not want to vaccinate for fear of these phantom side effects.

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In particular in a pandemic period like ours, thanks to the spread of covid-19, it is important to separate the true news from the false ones. Lately, especially in the last year, a lot of false news have been circulating, at least in Italy, regarding vaccines and their effects, the deaths caused by vaccines and the increase and decrease in covid infections. One solution could be to listen to the news on the various news programs or read the newspaper to get an idea of ​​the situation around us.

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It is very important to know how to identify disinformation articles about issues, in fact fake news only contributes to increasing people's ignorance and bad knowledge. I also think it is good to block, if you have the possibility of course, this spread of fake news. For example, in this period of global pandemic, there have been a lot of fake news on vaccines developed to fight Covid-19 and I think it is one of the most serious things, because misinformation on health issues makes people more fragile and not ready for the serious health situation.

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Fake health news can negatively affect health. For example, someone who has misinformation about coronavirus, thinks that it is a non-contagious disease and can continue in his life and infect many people.

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The internet has become a popular resource to learn about health and to investigate one's own health condition. However, given the large amount of inaccurate information online, people can easily become misinformed. Individuals have always obtained information from outside the formal health care system, so how has the internet changed people's engagement with health information? Many reviews explore how individuals interact with health misinformation online, whether it be through search, user-generated content, or mobile apps. It is discussed whether personal access to information is helping or hindering health outcomes and how the perceived trustworthiness of the institutions communicating health has changed over time. To conclude, one good proposal are several constructive strategies for improving the online information ecosystem. Misinformation concerning health has particularly severe consequences with regard to people's quality of life and even their risk of mortality; therefore, understanding it within today's modern context is an extremely important task.

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Living through a pandemic in the Internet age means misinformation can sometimes spread more rapidly than facts.
In February, major social media platforms attended a meeting hosted by the World Health Organisation to address coronavirus misinformation. The aim was to catalyse the fight against what the United Nations has called an “infodemic”.
On March 16, the Empirical Studies of Conflict Project, in collaboration with Microsoft Research, began cataloguing COVID-19 misinformation.

It did this by collating news articles with reporting by a wide range of local fact-checking networks and global groups such as Agence France-Presse and NewsGuard.
One misinformation narrative concerns the “origin of the virus”. This includes the false claim the virus jumped to humans as a result of someone eating bat soup.
The most common narrative worldwide was related to “emergency responses”. These stories reported false information about government or political responses to fighting the virus’s outbreak.

This may be because, unlike narratives surrounding the “nature of the virus”, it is easy to speculate on (and hard to prove) whether people in power have good or ill intent.
What’s more, a major motivation for spreading misinformation on social media is politics. The US is a polarised political environment, so this might help explain the trend towards political misinformation.
Misinformation about the nature of the virus was prevalent during the outbreak’s early stages, probably spurred by an initial lack of scientific research regarding the nature of the virus.

In contrast, theories relating to emergency responses surfaced later and remain even now, as governments continue to implement measures to fight COVID-19’s spread.
For now, the best defence is for governments and online platforms to increase awareness about false claims and build on the robust fact-checking infrastructures at our disposal.

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European Commission - European Commission

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Getting the facts right

The coronavirus pandemic has been accompanied by a massive wave of false and misleading information, attempts by foreign actors to influence domestic debates in the EU, breeding on the fertile ground of people's most basic anxieties and the rapidly changing news cycle. Misleading healthcare information, dangerous hoaxes with false claims conspiracy theories and consumer fraud endanger public health.

The European Union and its Member States are determined to counter efforts by actors who try to exploit the crisis and put citizens' lives at risk, or who spread propaganda or hatred. Building on the 2018 action plan against disinformation, this calls for more coordinated action, in line with our democratic values.

In a Joint Communication, the European Commission and the High Representative propose concrete actions for a stronger and more resilient EU. They will feed into future EU work on disinformation, notably the European democracy action plan, as well as the Digital Services Act.

The crisis has become a test case showing how the EU and its democratic societies deal with the disinformation challenge. Several aspects are key for a stronger and more resilient EU.

Understand

False or misleading information around coronavirus can damage societal cohesion, but above all, it is a threat to public health.

False or misleading narratives come in different forms that require different responses.

content may not be illegal as defined by law, but still harmful

it can range from disinformation (defined as intentional) to misinformation

it can include misleading healthcare information, consumer fraud, cyber-crime, illegal hate speech as well as targeted influence operations by foreign actors.

the motivation behind it can range from economic gain (online scams) causing public harm, to political purposes

foreign actors and certain third countries, in particular Russia and China, have engaged in targeted influence operations and disinformation campaigns in the EU, its neighbourhood, and globally.

The Commission and the European External Action Service (EEAS) will keep monitoring false or misleading narratives and influence operations by foreign actors.

Examples of disinformation

False claims such as 'drinking bleach or pure alcohol can cure the coronavirus infections': on the contrary, drinking bleach or pure alcohol can be very harmful. Belgium's Poison Control Centre has recorded an increase of 15% in the number of bleach-related incidents.

Conspiracy theories, such as the claim that coronavirus is 'an infection caused by the world's elites for reducing population growth'. The scientific evidence is clear: the virus comes from a family of viruses originating in animals that include other viruses such as SARS and MERS.

Claims that '5G installations would be spreading the virus'. These theories had no specific substantiation and led to attacks on masts.

Communicate

Europeans need to have access to verifiable authoritative health information.
The EU shares information from official and other verifiable sources with citizens and cooperates with international partners.

The Commission and the European External Action Service will further invest in their strategic communication capabilities.

The Commission has launched a dedicated coronavirus response website that provides real-time information on the virus and the EU's response. A dedicated coronavirus disinformation section features regular rebuttals - in all EU languages - of the most prominent coronavirus myths.

The Commission promotes content from the World Health Organization, national health authorities and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control

The EEAS together with the Commission deployed - and will further strengthen - strategic communications and public diplomacy in the EU's immediate neighbourhood and around the world.

The Commission Representations in Member States will continue to promote fact-based information tailored to the local situation.

Cooperate

The European Commission is working with its partners across the globe and within the EU

By using established channels such as the Rapid Alert System. A special section will be created to facilitate the sharing of coronavirus-related communication materials between EU institutions and Member States. The Commission will further deepen the cooperation with the European Parliament.

Enhancing cooperation with international partners, including the WHO, the G7 Rapid Response Mechanism, or NATO.

The EU will also increase support and assistance to civil society actors and independent media in third countries, including in the neighbourhood.

Cooperation with platforms and the Consumer Protection Cooperation network by screening and taking down overpriced, ineffective or potentially dangerous products.

Transparency

Code of Practice on Disinformation

The Commission has closely monitored the actions of online platforms under the Code of Practice on Disinformation - the self-regulatory commitment of online platforms, leading social networks, advertisers and the advertising industry to address the spread of online disinformation and fake news. The signatories of the code are encouraged to report monthly on their actions to fight coronavirus-related disinformation.

On 10 September, the Commission presented the assessment of the implementation and effectiveness of the Code of Practice on Disinformation and the first baseline reports on the actions taken by the Code signatories to fight false and misleading coronavirus-related information. The assessment shows that the Code of Practice has proven to be a valuable instrument. However, it also highlights shortcomings, mainly in terms of appropriate monitoring, clearer procedures, and more precise and comprehensive commitments.

On 10 June, the Commission also highlighted important actions to tackle COVID-19 disinformation and set up a Monitoring Programme on the actions that platforms signatories of the Code are taking to limit the spread of COVID-19 disinformation.

The first set of baseline reports showed that the platforms signatories have stepped up their efforts in combating disinformation, in terms of promoting authoritative sources of information, deploying new tools and services to facilitate access to reliable content, and actions against false and misleading content.

The second set of baseline reports published on 7 October showed that platforms kept increasing the visibility of authoritative information sources. According to the third round of baseline reports, platforms signatories continue to demote and remove content violating their updated terms of services and block or remove advertising that exploits the crisis. Still, more complete, targeted and detailed quantitative data must be provided.

The third set of reports published on 6 November gives a good overview of actions taken by the online platforms during the month of September, and demonstrates their willingness to provide increased transparency around their policies on coronavirus-related disinformation. However, the reporting still lacks appropriate granularity in data, including on the impact of their policies, to ensure sufficient transparency and public accountability and enable consistent monitoring.

The Commission will continue to deliver on its comprehensive approach towards tackling mis- and disinformation through the European Democracy Action Plan and the Digital Services Act package which will be out forward before the end of 2020.

Fact-checking

The EU has stepped up its efforts to support European fact-checkers and researchers on disinformation. The newly established European Digital Media Observatory will contribute to a deeper understanding of disinformation- relevant actors, vectors, tools, methods, dissemination dynamics, prioritised targets and the impact on the society. The European Digital Media Observatory aims to become the European hub to fight online disinformation. Other examples of EU-funded projects addressing disinformation are PROVENANCE, SocialTruth, EUNOMIA and WeVerify.

Results of working with platforms

The first baseline reports, the second set of reports, the third set of reports, and the fourth set of reports, fifth set of reports, and the sixth set of reports.
Seventh set of reports

Google reports that the Search feature which presents the user with a list of authorised vaccines, statistics, and authoritative information - based on users' locations - in response to searches for information on COVID-19 vaccines, has been expanded to all 27 EU countries by the beginning of March.

Twitter updated its COVID-19 search prompts in the EU to include official information on COVID-19 vaccines; the prompts are already active in Denmark, Spain and Ireland. Twitter also activated a hashtag #Vaccinated in 24 languages to show support for vaccination.

Microsoft reports about a new feature available on Bing when a user enters a vaccine-related search query. The feature displays a vaccine tracker indicating the progress of vaccination in individual countries and globally (number of doses administered per total population, and doses per 100 people).

TikTok launched a new feature called "Know your Facts", that places a banner across videos to warn users that it may contain unverified content. If a viewer then attempts to share the flagged video, they will see a prompt to consider their next move.

Tackling online consumer scams

The Commission works with online platforms participating in the structured dialogue on tackling online consumer scams related to the coronavirus pandemic, together with consumer protection authorities. The Commission and the Consumer Protection Cooperation Network are in regularly contact with the 11 major online platforms: Allegro, Amazon, Alibaba/AliExpress, CDiscount, Ebay, Facebook, Google, Microsoft/Bing, Rakuten, Verizon Media/Yahoo and Wish to discuss new trends and business practices linked to the pandemic. As a result, the online platforms have reported the removal of hundreds of millions of illegal offers and advertisements and confirmed a steady decline in new coronavirus-related listings.

On 2 March 2021, the Commission published its annual report on the Safety Gate, the EU rapid alert system for dangerous consumer products helping remove dangerous non-food products from the market. The findings of the report show a record number of 5,377 actions taken by authorities in 2020, compared to 4,477 in 2019. 9% of all 2020 findings concern products related to COVID-19 products such as inefficient face masks, toxic disinfectants and UV lamps as sanitizers.

Ensuring freedom of expression and pluralistic democratic debate

The EU's approach to fight disinformation is based on respect for fundamental rights. The coronavirus cannot be used as a pretext to undermine freedom of expression, reduce the accountability of public authorities or unduly limit access to information and transparency. The crisis has demonstrated the essential role of journalists who provide citizens with reliable, fact-checked information, that contributing to saving lives.

The Commission has been closely monitoring the impact of emergency measures taken by Member States on EU law and values and will continue to do so until all measures are phased out.

The Commission calls on Member States to intensity efforts to ensure that journalists can work safely, in the right conditions, and make the most of the EU's coronavirus economic response and recovery package to support media while respecting their independence.

The EU will further enhance support to civil society, independent media and journalists around the world and step up actions to increase protection of freedom of expression and a safer media environment.

Empowering citizens, raising citizens awareness and increasing societal resilience

The EU needs to empower citizens, raise awareness and increase societal resilience.

The EU will share best practices on resilience-building measures in the coronavirus context.

The Commission will support and promote media literacy projects, critical thinking and digital skills, as well as civil society organisations. It will strengthen coordination among institutions, networks and Member States to share awareness-raising material and best practices. The Commission will pay particular attention to vulnerable groups, in particular children and young people, who face a higher risk of being misled.

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The coronavirus pandemic has been accompanied by a massive wave of false and misleading information, attempts by foreign actors to influence domestic debates in the EU, breeding on the fertile ground of people's most basic anxieties and the rapidly changing news cycle. Misleading healthcare information, dangerous hoaxes with false claims conspiracy theories and consumer fraud endanger public health.

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Fake news in the e-health part is particularly dangerous.  We could see this in times of pandemic. Fake news about a pandemic doesn' t bring anything positive. That's why it's important now to read the real information . For example, during the current pandemic period, there has been a lot of fake news about vaccines developed to fight Covid-19 misinformation on health issues makes people uncertain and afraid.

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Misinformation concerning health actually can kill people! When people are not informed properly about health issues, they might take wrong decisions putting their lives in danger. Especially now with the pandemic, a lot of people are affected by this and that has played a major role on how the pandemic has evolved.

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The internet has become a popular resource to learn about health and to investigate one's own health condition. However, given the large amount of inaccurate information online, people can easily become misinformed. For example, the notion that eating apricot seeds will cure cancer is a misconception that can be found online
The media continues to be an integral source of information on health . However, trust in the media has dramatically decreased over time. In 1972, when Gallup started its poll, 68% of people reported that they had either a “great deal” or a “fair amount” of trust that the US mass media was reporting the news fully, accurately, and fairly . In 2016, this percentage sank to a new low of 35% . Worldwide, media is now one of the least trusted institutions, on par only with government .

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False and misleading health news circulates on the internet every day and normally should not affect us as long as it is certainly not trustworthy and true. Wrong news and wrong move to a person who needs help and is in a serious situation can be fatal which is very bad

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It is very important to identify the false news about the coronavirus, because this information can be dangerous for people who are less informed and more exposed to dangers on the internet, this could cause, in addition to bad information, also incorrect behavior of people.

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Fake news is dangerous to e-health. Lots of people have absolute faith in websites that often contain fake news. Many people believe that the authors of such sites know better than the doctors. Due to such websites, many people lose their trust in doctors, which is a very big threat to their health.

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People are usually typing their symptomes before they plan to meet the doctor wich results in bad diagnosis. Lot of platforms are spreading those fake new claiming that they are some great doctors. In my oppinion it's the worst kind of fake news

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Making such serious false news and providing false information can have enormous consequences, and those who do so should be punished.

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For this, some social media platforms are sharing blocking content. Some specialist doctors share information about this issue. This information can be shared by proving the accuracy of sosya media platforms in the dissemination.

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We must believe in the accuracy of the data provided by the government and sources of proven institutional integrity and integrity, as well as other information and news sources.

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specialist doctors should be interviewed and the correct diagnosis of the disease should be made.

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It is important to obtain adequate information regarding covid-19 as many false or manipulated articles can be found on the web and inaccurate information can be obtained.
to avoid false information on covid and e-health, it is necessary to analyze the news and compare it with others, verifying that the sources of this information are reliable.

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Wave of erroneous and untrue information about vaccines is circulating on the internet and on social networks. Some of them include false information about injecting microchips or modifying DNA using vaccines, or misleading reports of alleged deaths, which are wrongly labeled as caused by vaccines. Therefore, in my opinion, we should listen to experts and scholars, and not believe the first website

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Fake news can be very exaggerated in the area of health and give false information, for example, they can dramatize it so that people are influenced by it. People fall for fake news very quickly, especially it is not difficult in this day and age to create a website and spread fake news.

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Fake news and false information in the field of health cause a great many dangers, such as the fact that in the current time of the corona pandemic fake news is very unnecessary and leads to wrong information and thus other people believe the wrong information and that even in this corona time where such wrong information is very unnecessary and ridiculous. You should prevent this by ignoring false information and fake news and, best of all, reporting it so that other people don't have to look at it too

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Fake news leads to many misunderstandings at the moment, especially with regard to the corona situation. Many lies are spreading about health care, an example of the vaccinations that you have or can die extreme side effects. Which is not the case and deters people

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Fake news is the term used to describe fake news that is spread manipulatively and which is mostly spread virally on the Internet, especially in social networks and other social media. There is currently no lack of disinformation regarding the coronavirus. It is therefore important to only obtain up-to-date information from reliable sources.

It is best to follow the recommendations published by your health authorities and on the websites of relevant European and international organizations such as ECDC and WHO.

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A lot is told on social media, which in the end make no sense or are wrong. Such as the cold weather killing the virus, so to speak. But that's not true, it can even be that at -20grad the virus remains in frozen state for 2 years infectious. You can prevent such fake news by searching for the right sources.

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The web today has become, in effect, a double-edged weapon.
We need to be aware of where we’re going to look so we don’t get fooled by false information.
In my opinion to eliminate this news it would be good to do a more in-depth research on the subject that we think is right and just discovered that it is a fake to report the site.

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fake news have given their best with the advent of covid. To realize their strength, they were able to stop administering the vaccine.

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Fake news on health issues is becoming an increasingly serious and widespread problem. Obviously, Covid-19 is no exception, on the contrary. Since the beginning of the pandemic, a lot of inaccurate, if not completely wrong, information about the coronaviru has started circulating on the web.

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The spread of these fake news especially in this pandemic period spreads false news on a very important topic.
To try not to fall into this false news we need to listen and read the information that is given by the various news programs, even if sometimes they also provide us with information that is not so credible.

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In this period the fake news about e-Healt are to much, and in particular now with this pandemic the fake news have tripled, and this can be an important factor regarding vaccines, because people believe everything and this can cause delays in the fight against the pandemic.

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False news in eHealth are dangerous. More and more people are beginning to believe that the information about the coronavirus is incorrect, causing them to no longer trust experts and doctors.