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- Ch 10, p. 376-393, http://www.glencoe.com/ose.

- "Jack Dempsey vs Luis Angel Firpo (Sept 1923)." YouTube. N.p., 11 Jan. 2010. Web. 28 Feb. 2015.

- http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/CaseOverviewDetailsPage/CaseOverviewDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=Case-Overview&dviSelectedPage=&limiter=&u=gray02935&currPage=&source=&disableHighlighting=&displayGroups=&sortBy=&zid=&search_within_results=&p=UHIC%3AWHIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3490200521

- http://ic.galegroup.com/ic/uhic/PrimarySourcesDetailsPage/PrimarySourcesDetailsWindow?failOverType=&query=&prodId=UHIC&windowstate=normal&contentModules=&display-query=&mode=view&displayGroupName=PrimarySources&limiter=&u=gray02935&currPage=&disableHighlighting=true&displayGroups=&sortBy=&source=&search_within_results=&p=UHIC%3AWHIC&action=e&catId=&activityType=&scanId=&documentId=GALE%7CCX3490200504

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"I think segregation is bad, I think it's wrong, it's immoral. I'd fight against it with every breath in my body, but you don't need to sit next to a white person to learn how to read and write. The NAACP needs to say that." - Clarence Thomas

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"I regard the Klan, the Anglo-Saxon clubs and White American societies, as far as the Negro is concerned, as better friends of the race than all other groups of hypocritical whites put together." - Marcus Garvey

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"I never tried to prove nothing, just wanted to give a good show. My life has always been my music, it's always come first, but the music ain't worth nothing if you can't lay it on the public. The main thing is to live for that audience, 'cause what you're there for is to please the people." - Louis Armstrong

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Marcus Garvey was a black leader from Jamaica, who was the spiritual leader of many who followed the "Negro Nationalism" movement. Garvey wanted to take all of the African Americans out of America where they had no hope, and bring them to their homeland of Africa. Eventually, Garvey became so persuasive that American put Garvey in jail. American officials were paranoid about the blacks taking over their lively hood and their stable modern lives. However, Garvey's hopeful movement was ever lasting into the 1960s civil rights movement.

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The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People struggled for years to be able to fight for African American rights. African American voters and lobby groups were influential enough to persuade national politics. However this group focused on obtaining equal rights economically and politically.

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Louis Armstrong, moved to Chicago to create an alpha version of jazz. Dixieland blues and ragtime inspired this new style of music, which inspired African Americans all around America with the help of the radio. An African American musical titled Shuffle Along, began its Broadway run in 1921. The arts were beginning to inspire its people, and guys like Louis Armstrong and his music brought international fame and recognition to the African American culture.

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African American culture was beginning to flourish, and it all began in the town of Harlem, New York. The African American pride was being born, and their political strive for equal rights grabbed the attention of American society all throughout the 1920s.

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Many African Americans wanted to escape the oppression of the South, and moved to the North to do so. Inequality still existed socially and economically, but it wasn't as bad as the South. African Americans took a lot of jobs and made themselves well known all around the country. The looming civil rights movement was just around the corner because most Americans did not appreciate what the African Americans were trying to do.

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How did African Americans influence American society in the 1920s?

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Why did the modern culture of the 1920s cause some people to think that traditional society and morality were under attack?

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"Life is an onion - you peel it year by year and sometimes cry" - Carl Sandburg

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"Every big leaguer and his wife should teach their children to pray, God bless Mommy, God bless Daddy, and God bless Babe Ruth" - Waite Hoyt (teammate of Babe Ruth)

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"A champion is someone who gets up when he can't." - Jack Dempsey

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Jack Dempsey vs Luis Angel Firpo (Sept 1923)

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Jack Dempsey was a professional boxer, who was idolized between the years 1919 and 1926, the 7 years which he held the world heavyweight championship. People came in droves to see his fights, and after he lost his title and there was a rematch, one store sold over $90,000 in radios so people could listen to the fight. Celebrity status was fairly new to many, and Dempsey was glorified by fans around the world, and showed how a sports entertainer could merge with other worlds like Hollywood.

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Probably one of the most, if not the most, well known baseball players of all time. He hit over one hundred home runs in a regular season, and filled stadiums. In my opinion, Babe Ruth was one of the first celebrities young boys and girls looked up to.

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Movies and Radio shows set the bar for what media should be. All films were silent, while a piano players were hired to play music that was played during the movies, but sound was later incorporated in movies in the 1920s. Media did more than just entertain the people, it provided information on local events and news about the United States.

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Carl Sandburg was a Chicago poet, novelist, historian, and folklorist. He was also known for his work on Abraham Lincoln. Sandburg had many accomplishments, and his writing changed the style of many newspapers and editors around the Midwest.

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Edward Hopper was a successful painter who was known for his work with oil paintings. Hopper was basically the inventor of abstract expressionism. He revolutionized types of arts for artists around the United States and added the sense of modernism to the world.

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How did popular culture, the arts, and literature change in the 1920s?

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"What kind of man would live where there is no danger? I don't believe in taking foolish chances. But nothing can be accomplished by not taking a chance at all." - Charles Lindbergh

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Charles Lindbergh - From New York to Paris 1927

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Charles Lindbergh's solo flight across the Atlantic on May 20-21, 1927 is seen as one of the most important events of the 20th century, but memories have dimmed and, in an age when jet airplanes routinely cross the Atlantic Ocean with hundreds of passengers, we have lost sight of its significance.

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"The customer can have any color he wants so long as it's black." - Henry Ford

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“The miracle of [it]. I cannot tell you how it transformed our lives… Television never had its me-to-you intimacy.”

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On December 19, 1910, a "real birdman" arrived in Honolulu aboard the Manchuria. Whipple Hall, agent for the Curtiss Aircraft Company, debarked with an excitingly strange proposal. He announced that within a week two airplanes and men to fly them would arrive by ship.

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Advertising became a necessity to sell certain products in the 1920s. Advertisers played with people's emotions to get them attracted to certain products. Since people were already buying new products, this only added to the consumerist side of America in the 1920s.

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In 1913, Edwin Armstrong invented the radio, but in 1926, the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) set up multiple radio stations to broadcast daily. The radio was used for entertainment primarily, but they were also used in times of war for fast communication. The radio was used for advertisement as well, and contributed to the evolution of modern American society.

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Birth of the Airline Industry, and Charles Lindbergh

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Birth of the Airline Industry, and Charles Lindbergh

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When thinking about the making of the first human piloted airplane, one name comes to mind: The Wright Brothers. However, Glenn Curtiss was the leader after the Wright Brothers. Curtiss' airplane was used by a man named Charles Lindbergh, who flew the plane across the world to Paris. This flight gave everyone a huge feeling of nationalism, and belief that the plane would take society to new heights, literally.

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The Model T was the first successful automobile created and initiated by Henry Ford. Prices were cheap, so a lot of families were able to purchase cars. These cars benefited almost everyone because the Model T allowed people to commute from their home in the suburbs to their jobs in the city. Cars allowed many liberties for people in the suburbs and cities all across America. Cars also added to the productivity of average American lives.

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With Henry Ford's assembly line, the mass production of products was easily achieved. Products like the Model T were the first to be used by the assembly line. Prices were also practically cut in half because of the assembly line. America was becoming a country of consumerism, and mass production helped soar the economy in the 1920s to the top.

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How did new industries and a consumer society contribute to the Roaring Twenties?

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KKK Democrats Lynching Killing Black & White

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We, the members of this order, desiring to promote patriotism toward our civil government; honorable peace among men and nations; protection for and happiness in the homes of our people; manhood, brotherhood, and love among ourselves, and liberty, justice and fraternity among all mankind;

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"There is no blinking the fact that certain races do not fuse with us, and have no intention of trying to become Americans."

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"The Scopes trial, from the start, has been carried on in a manner exactly fitted to the anti-evolution law and the simian imbecility under it. There hasn't been the slightest pretense to decorum."

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Alcohol was an enemy of many in the 1920s, and also a friend of many. The Eighteenth Amendment that banned alcohol went into effect in January 1920. Those opposed to prohibition began to organize crime in order to obtain alcohol. Al Capone was a huge name in business. These organized gangs would get into fights over liquor and violence would threaten the lifestyle of traditional America.

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Fundamentalism was a belief that God was the one that created the universe, not nature. For biology teacher John T. Scopes, he was brought to court under the law that one could not teach theories of evolution. Many Americans were afraid that these new beliefs would push out the traditional values of religion.

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Women won a huge right in 1920: the right to vote, but that was only the beginning. Women were breaking free of traditional gender roles, and defying the patriarchy with the new flapper-style as well. They entered the work force and made astounding contributions in medicine, literature, science, and law.

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The KKK was on sort of a hiatus, but returned once they believed their country was in danger. They targeted anyone who was un-American to them. People who were Catholic, Jewish, an immigrant, African America, or an other non-American nationality were targeted. The Klan claimed to be fighting for Americanism.

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During and after World War 1, many people of the United States stereotyped Germans and other foreign countries as malevolent because of their actions considering communism. People began to believe in nativism - the belief that one's native land needs to be protected against immigrants. Here's where the fear of America imploding comes in. The people of the United States feared that the foreign communists would immigrate to America and destroy their very way of life.