# data[].attributes.body
APA reference
Belkhir, Lotfi, & Elmeligi, Ahmed. (2018). Assessing ICT global emissions footprint: Trends to 2040 & recommendations. Journal of Cleaner Production, 177, 448-463.

Problems
an environmental problem caused by economic and social factors.

ICT global carbon footprint, including both the production and the operational energy of ICT devices.

If unchecked, ICTGHGE relative contribution could grow from roughly 1e1.6% in 2007 to exceed 14% of the 2016-levelworldwide GHGE by 2040, accounting for more than half of the current relative contribution of thewhole transportation sector

the contribution of smart phones and shows that by 2020, the footprint of smart phones alone would surpass the individual contribution of desktops, laptops and displays.

Solutions
renewable energy use, (Technological)
tax policies, (Economic)
mana-gerial actions (Social)
alternative business models (Economis)

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APA reference
Suckling, James, & Lee, Jacquetta. (2015). Redefining scope: The true environmental impact of smartphones? The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 20(8), 1181-1196.

Problems
Adding a server into the scope of a smartphone is shown to increase the use phase impact from 8.5 to 18.0 kg CO2-eq, other phases are less affected. Addition of the network increases the use phase by another 24.7 kg CO2-eq.

Solutions

A product service system based upon a cloud service highlights the need for improved energy efficiency to make greatest reduction in GHG emissions in the use phase, and gives a mechanism to exploit residual value of the handsets by timely return of the phones, their components and recovery of materials.

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There’s a social problem in text C about environment and sustainable development on purchasing and its solusion is technological and social by using applications.Some social solusions in text D such as make the government intervene and help consumers to do recycling works can be useful to the problems in text C too.

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Our article can be connected to Text A.
Our article mainly focuses on the low recovery rate of mobile phones, while text A focuses on the impact of mobile phone carbon emissions on the environment. However, text A mentioned that the main action to solve carbon emissions is to recycle mobile phones, while our article puts forward many ways to improve mobile phone recycle rate, so these two articles have formed a certain degree of connection.

# data[].attributes.body
• make specific links or connections between the sources
Text A:
The use phase of a smartphone is not the most significant in the life cycle, in terms of GHG emissions, but it is one which is wholly dependent on estimate and assumption in order to assess potential impact. (Suckling, 2015)
Text C:
Smartphones equipped with sustainability applications (“apps”) could help connect consumer decisions with their environmental and biodiversity impacts.（T. P. L. Nghiem, & L. R. Carrasco，2016) Text C could be one of the solution that the smartphone sustainability apps could be a way to assess the impact of smartphones on the environment.
Text D:
People's attitude and behaviours of smartphone.
The recycling and the renewable energy use.

• find differences, similarities, overlaps (e.g. a new solution? a different cause?)
Text A:
Text C:
Text D:
Solutions
Goovernment leading
• use citations, or text letters (A, B, C, D), to link the texts
• make an informed argument – e.g. are the problems, or the solutions, more convincing?

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APA reference

Bai, Hua, Wang, Jing, and Zeng, Amy Z.(2018). "Exploring Chinese Consumers' Attitude and Behavior toward Smartphone Recycling." Journal of Cleaner Production 188, 227-36.

Problems
This paper studies The current situation of mobile phone consumption and disposal in China and the attitude and behavior of smartphone users towards recycling.

Solutions
1.Governments need to lead those uncertain consumers to hand over their disposal phones to trusted recyclers. (Social，governmental)
2.With the first legislation on mobile phone recycling in place and prosperous development of recycling services from various parties, Chinese consumers' awareness of mobile phone recycling has been raised greatly.（Social，governmental）
3.Commerce in China during the past several years. Door-to-door pickup service is accepted and welcomed by the majority of residents. Partnering with a logistics company and providing pickup service may motivate more consumers to
recycle their home-stored old phones.（Technological）
4.Recycle service not only affects the management of end-of life mobile phones but also places positive effects on the sales of new mobile phones. Consumers are more willing to purchase from sellers who offer recycle service, no matter whether the service is free, reward based or charged. （Economic）

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APA reference
T. P. L. Nghiem, & L. R. Carrasco. (2016). Mobile Applications to Link Sustainable Consumption with Impacts on the Environment and Biodiversity. Bioscience, 66(5), 384-392.

Problems
As the world population continues to grow unabatedly in this century, it is expected that by 2100, there will be 10.9 billion people sharing the limited resources of our planet

Solutions
Sustainability smartphone apps introduce a novel pathway to help consumers visualize the environmental consequences of their personal purchases, thereby reducing the characteristic information asymmetry in consumer markets.(Technological)

Ecolabeling can be a tool to inform consumers about the environmental performance of the products offered, thereby
navigating them to the products that match their ethical concerns.(Economic)