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The coronavirus disease, otherwise known as COVID-19 is caused by a virus, not by a bacteria.

It affects people in various ways, as there are a wide range of symptoms. The most common symptoms are fevers, coughing, shortness of breath, as well as fatigue or body aches. These symptoms as well as the others tend to appear 2-14 days after exposure to the virus.

The virus was first reported in Wuhan, China during the end of 2019, since then the disease has spread rapidly and was declared a pandemic as of March 2020 by the World Health Organization.

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Wash your hands often, for at least 20 seconds, with soap and water.

Avoid touching your eyes, nose, and mouth.

Limit social gatherings and social distance when in public locations.

Regularly clean and disinfect frequently touched objects/surfaces.

Avoid contact with people who are sick.

Wear a mask correctly in public settings, especially when social distancing measures are difficult to maintain, to limit the spread of the virus.

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There have been numerous companies pushing to find a vaccine to protect people from Covid-19.

Clinical trials of vaccines from Moderna, and a partnership of Pfizer and BioNTech have found that their experimental trials of the vaccine have been highly effective at 95%.

The companies are looking to get emergency authorization to supply the public with the vaccine from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA).

The race for a vaccine is global, as other countries have also presented vaccine options. In other countries such as Russia, their options face hesitancy due to safety concerns and efficacy concerns, similar issues faced in the U.S. however the issue of vaccine hesitancy comes into a large factor in the United States.

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Vaccine Hesitancy is defined as the delay in acceptance or refusal of a vaccines despite the availability of vaccines services. It is also stated to be one of the major health threats to the population as declared by the World Health Organization in 2019, and also goes to show during the year 2020.

It derives from factors such as complacency, convenience, and confidence.

With the race of a Covid-19 vaccines always headlining the news, many reports talk about the likelihood of its acceptance by the pubic. Reports from CBS news indicate that 50% of the United States' population would not get a Covid-19 vaccine, due to the lack of trust in its creation time as well as mistrust that has rose from misinformation regarding the potential vaccines on social sites.

Other types of vaccines hesitancy can come from anti-vaccine beliefs as well as fear of risks and prior healthcare knowledge or experiences.

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The race for a vaccine is not only being pushed to protect people by allowing them the option to receive the vaccine, but it is also important in trying to achieve herd immunity, which is a huge potential benefit of the vaccine. Herd Immunity is when most of the population is immune to an infectious disease, using the vaccine would allow this to occur, meaning that it would control the spread of the disease, and ultimately make the spread of the disease less likely.

Herd Immunity would help protect vulnerable populations that are more likely to be exposed to the disease, such as elders, infants, and individuals with weaker immune systems. Herd immunity for the U.S. would only be possible if 70%-90% of Americans utilized the vaccines, according to Johns Hopkins University.

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6. Current state of Covid-19 vaccine in the United States

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6. Current state of Covid-19 vaccine in the United States

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As of now, the race for a vaccine has sparked partnerships between public/private companies to collaborate to find a vaccine. Operation Warp Speed selected three vaccine candidates to fund for phase 3 trials. Morderna's mRNA-1273, University of Oxford and AstraZeneca's AZD1222, and Pfizer and BioNTech's BNT162.

Progress by these companies has been substantial according to their trial effectiveness. However, the short time it took to find a vaccine is what worries the public, as it typically takes years to bring a vaccine to the market, and with the vaccine being made available so soon, it raises concerns of its potential side effects and overall effectiveness.

Pfizer is pushing for emergency authorization for its Covid-19 vaccine. The FDA is set to take up this application December 10th 2020.

Dr. Moncef Slaoui, Operation Warp Speed chief advisor says if the FDA approves the application, within 24 hours after vaccines will be shipped to every state in the U.S.

Moderna is also close to bringing their vaccines to the FDA, as well as other candidates. According to Dr. Slaoui, about 70%, or 230 million Americans would need to be vaccinated to achieve herd immunity.

As these vaccine options are still being addressed, the government and medical professionals are still urging for the public to follow safety precautions to limit the spread of the virus, and restrictions in cities have also been set back in place to limit the number of public gatherings as well.