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"Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. Sometimes the walls of these blood vessels stretch so thin that the veins bulge and get irritated, especially when you poop."

Hemorrhoids can form on the outside too, around the anus.

"A blood clot can form in an external hemorrhoid, turning it purple or blue. This is called a thrombosis."

Hemorrhoids are genetic.

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What Are Hemorrhoids?

Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. Sometimes the walls of these blood vessels stretch so thin that the veins bulge and get irritated, especially when you poop.

Swollen hemorrhoids are also called piles.

Hemorrhoids are one of the most common causes of rectal bleeding. They're rarely dangerous and usually clear up in a couple of weeks. But you should see your doctor to make sure it's not a more serious condition. He can also remove hemorrhoids that won't go away or are very painful.

Internal and External Hemorrhoids

Internal hemorrhoids are far enough inside the rectum that you can't usually see or feel them. They don't generally hurt because you have few pain-sensing nerves there. Bleeding may be the only sign of them.

External hemorrhoids are under the skin around the anus, where there are many more pain-sensing nerves, so they tend to hurt as well as bleed.

Sometimes hemorrhoids prolapse, or get bigger and bulge outside the anal sphincter. Then you may be able to see them as moist bumps that are pinker than the surrounding area. And they're more likely to hurt, often when you poop.

Prolapsed hemorrhoids usually go back inside on their own. Even if they don't, they can often be gently pushed back into place.

A blood clot can form in an external hemorrhoid, turning it purple or blue. This is called a thrombosis. It can hurt and itch a lot and could bleed. When the clot dissolves, you may still have a bit of skin left over, which could get irritated.

What Causes Them?

Some people may be more likely to get hemorrhoids if other family members, like their parents, had them.

A buildup of pressure in your lower rectum can affect blood flow and make the veins there swell. That may happen from extra weight, when you're obese or pregnant. Or it could come from:

Pushing during bowel movements

Straining when you do something that's physically hard, like lifting something heavy

People who stand or sit for long stretches of time are at greater risk, too.

You may get them when you have constipation or diarrhea that doesn't clear up. Coughing, sneezing, and vomiting could make them worse.

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Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. Sometimes the walls of these blood vessels stretch so thin that the veins bulge and get irritated, especially when you poop. Swollen hemorrhoids are also called piles. Hemorrhoids are one of the most common causes of rectal bleeding.

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Causes--An anal fissure is a small cut or tear in the lining of the anus. The crack in the skin causes severe pain and some bright red bleeding during and after bowel movements. At times the fissure is deep enough to expose the muscle tissue underneath. An anal fissure may occur as a result of childbirth, straining during bowel movements, or long bouts of constipation or diarrhea. Anal fissures can also be the result of certain medical conditions such as inflammatory Bowel disease  infection, and cancer.

Symptoms-

Pain, sometimes severe, during bowel movements

Pain after bowel movements that can last up to several hours

Bright red blood on the stool or toilet paper after a bowel movement

Itching or irritation around the anus

A visible crack in the skin around the anus

A small lump or skin tag on the skin near the anal fissure

Treatments-Anal fissures often heal within a few weeks if you take steps to keep your stool soft, such as increasing your intake of fiber and fluids. Soaking in warm water for 10 to 20 minutes several times a day, especially after bowel movements, can help relax the sphincter and promote healing.

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-maintaining a stable internal state
Nutrition
-process of taking in and using food
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Homeostasis is maintained in this system because proper nutrition allows the body to maintain a stable balance between life and death.

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-Animals digest protein, carbohydrates/ sugars,  and Calcium,  they need these things to basically live.
-Protein is needed to build and maintain muscles, the Heart and Brain is a muscle, so protein is very important.
-Calcium is found in dairy, Calcium is important because it makes the bones stronger, if you take in a lot of Calcium it will be hard to break as much bones.
-Carbohydrates is used for energy, you need it to go through the day and to exercise. Carbohydrate is a complex sugar, it takes the body longer to break it down so that means the body is continually running that fuel.
-Sugar is a simple sugar, it breaks down quickly. Pure sugar is not good for you, it will make the body fat if not used, and since it breaks down quickly, if you try to exercise on sugar, you find that you burn out quickly. ONLY GET SUGAR FROM FRUITS.

- A Fruit diet is good; lower cholesterol, lower blood pressure- helps with digestion, reduces heart disease

-Meat contains a supplement called B12, Vegans or vegetarians who do not eat meat have to take a B12 supplement for lack thereof.

-Meat increases the rate of heart disease, meat heightens blood pressure. IN HUMANS.

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-First is the mouth and saliva, and enzymes in the saliva break apart food particles and make the food soft so it can go down easier, and then when it reaches the stomach the acid in the stomach break down and absorb nutrients, and take those nutrients and transport it to parts of the corpus, where it is needed, and then the food particles move to the small intestine, where the food is absorbed a second time for it’s nutrients, the small intestine takes the remaining nutrients and transports the waste to the large intestine.

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Gut Regulation:
-adaptation in snakes based off on the way they feed
-snakes that frequently eat have slower metabolism
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- many multicellular organisms have two bodily openings

- have anterior, posterior, and digestive tube

- food is ingested through the mouth

-nutrients are absorbed, waste is then eliminated

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-The bare minimum materials that a plant needs to grow is Carbon Oxygen and Hydrogen
- The macro nutrients  that plants need is: need is: nitrogen(N), phosphorous (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), sulfur (S), magnesium (Mg), carbon (C), oxygen (O), hydrogen (H)
-The micro nutrients needed for plants is iron (Fe), boron (B), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), nickel (Ni)
- The hydrogen ions displace cations attached to negatively charged soil particles so that the cations are available for uptake by the root. In the leaves, stomata  open to take in carbon dioxide and expel oxygen. The carbon dioxide molecules are used as the carbon source in photosynthesis

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- most eat other organisms

-  some can make their own food from the sunlight water and CO2 through photosynthesis

- nutrients  is enclosed in vacuole until it is digested

- vacuole travels through body, nutrients diffuse through membrane, waste materials eliminated through anal pore