# data[].attributes.body
Europeans had heard stories of valuable resources in Africa, so they became interested. Europeans began to trade with Africans Later, France Britain and Germany followed Portugal and began colonizing Africa. Leaders began seeing potential for war as each country tried to gain land. In 1884, they established rules for colonizing and trading in Africa, also known as the Berlin Conference.

# data[].attributes.body
They colonized India for many reasons. There was only a limited amount of space in Europe. Natural resources were limited as well. Britain got cheaper natural resources by forcing India to trade. Eventually, after Mohandas Gandhi returned to India, the independence movement began.

# data[].attributes.body
Culture is the way of life for a group of people. Some of the aspects are: beliefs, customs, ideas/way of doing things, homes, food, clothing, sports, etc. Many groups of people have diverse ways of living, but many have adapted the same ideas. This is called cultural diffusion. This is the movement o customs and ideas. But, acculturation is the process of accepting new ideas and fitting them into a culture.

# data[].attributes.body
Judaism is a monotheistic religion with about 13 million followers, who are called Jews. Abraham was the founder. They worship their god, YHWH, in Synagogues. Their holy book is called a Torah. Judaism started in Southwest Asia.

# data[].attributes.body
Christianity is a monotheistic religion with 2.2 billion followers. Followers are called Christians. The founder was Jesus Christ himself. They worship God in a church, and the name of their God is Yaweh. Christianity started in Southwest Asia.

# data[].attributes.body
Islam is a monotheistic religion with 1.5 billion followers. Followers are Islamic and believe in Allah. They worship in Mosques with Qur'ans. The founder was Muhammad and it started in Southwest Asia in the 7th century.

# data[].attributes.body
Hinduism is a polytheistic religion with 900 million followers, whom are called Hindus. The 'gods' discovered it, and the gods are Vishnu. They read vedas and worship in shrines. Hinduism started in Ancient China.

# data[].attributes.body
Buddhism is a polytheistic religion with 375 million followers. People call these followers Buddhists. Siddhartha founded Buddhism. They read many different holy books, and worship Budda. They worship in Buddhist temples. It started in India in 460 BCE.

# data[].attributes.body
There is a tradition in Indonesia called 'Indonesian Walking Dead'. In Torajah, afterlife is an important part of their beliefs. So, when families cant afford proper burial, the body is placed in a temporary coffin. When funding is in order, the corpse is raised from the dead, and walks to its new resting place. There are many different, and strange, traditions around the world.

# data[].attributes.body
One custom is avoiding using red ink in South Korea. Red ink was used to write down the names of dead people, so it is considered a taboo to write down a name in red ink. Another custom is tooth filling in Indonesia. They fill two teeth to keep away evil forces or characteristics such as greed, lust, anger, stupidity, confusion, and intoxication away from a couple.

# data[].attributes.body
Climate is the environment you live in. The climates are: tropical wet, tropical wet and dry, arid, semiarid, mediterranean, temperate marine, temperate continental, and polar. All of these climates have certain areas, vegetation, and animals.

# data[].attributes.body
Physical maps show mountains, rivers, lakes, and valleys. Political maps show boundaries, countries, states, cities, capitals, towns, and counties. Population maps show the number of people per unit of area. All of these maps include a title, compass rose, and a key. They must have keys so that you know why they are colored or designed a certain way.

# data[].attributes.body
Longitude is the vertical lines that run up/down maps. Latitude is the horizontal lines that run across maps. Prime Meridian is the line that vertically cuts the Earth in half. Equator is the line that horizontally cuts the Earth in half. Using these, you can find absolute location.

# data[].attributes.body
Mao Zedong is the leader of Communist Party of China. He gained a large number of supporters during a pro communist rally, called "The Long March". Mao renamed China 'People's Republic of China' and had two main ideas to renew china. These ideas were: the Great Leap Forward, and Cultural Revolution. During the Great Leap Forward. people worked around the clock, but they did not own the goods produced. The goods were the whole population of China. Mao encouraged students to rebel against teachers, parents, and adults during Cultural Revolution. Lets just say, both of these 'great ideas', totally back fired. Mao died in 1976, then Special Economic Zones were made. Toady, China has a market economy, and is known as an oligarchy.

# data[].attributes.body
Government is an organization that sets up and enforces laws. We need a government to protect people, protect people's rights, and to resolve conflicts within the countries, even with other countries..

# data[].attributes.body
Economics is a system in which people make, change, and use things that have value. There are two things that make up economies: producers and consumers. Producers are owners and workers. They make the goods or run the services. Consumers are the people who use and buy the goods or services.

# data[].attributes.body
Developed nations have more industries and more advanced technology. They also have a high GDP per capita with a high standard of living. Education and healthcare is more advanced in developed countries rather than developing. Developing countries have little manufacturing, but more agriculture. Some nations deal with diseases and food shortages.

# data[].attributes.body
In the tribal rule, members of the tribe make group decisions, but the chiefs or elders make final decisions. The choices are usually based on their culture's customs. Native American tribes and some parts of Africa use this government.

# data[].attributes.body
Direct Democracy is a form of government where ALL adults take part in decisions by voting. Every person is one vote. Large countries do not have direct democracy governments because EVERY vote matters. A example would be a town meeting.

# data[].attributes.body
The government is ran by the representatives the people vote for. Those representatives make the laws for that country. If the people are not happy, they may choose to reelect that person. Most of these countries have a constitution, which is a set of laws that define and limit the governments power. Countries that use this government are the USA, Canada, and India.

# data[].attributes.body
There is a monarchy, which is a queen or king, or an emperor, but they do not have all the power. They, in fact, have very little power. Parliament is a group of elected representatives that makes the laws. They, too, have a constitution. The United Kingdom and Kuwait use this type of government.

# data[].attributes.body
Dictatorships are ruled by one single leader. The leader is not elected, so who knows how much trouble your country will be in. They may use force to keep control. Dictators usually deny the rights to people. Dictatorships include: Cuba, Nazi Germany, and North Korea.

# data[].attributes.body
The Chinese Dynasties were: Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing. All of these dynasties had many, unique achievements. They all followed the Mandate of Heaven. The Silk Road was a huge trading route during this time. It brought many cultures in contact with each other.

# data[].attributes.body
East African Kingdoms developed on the coast of the Red Sea. They traded and controlled huge ports throughout Europe and Asia. West Africa had an even trade; 1 ounce of gold for one ounce of salt. Trade also allowed the exchange of: ideas, customs, religion, and beliefs. This started cultural diffusion, and was way more important than the change of any good.

# data[].attributes.body
Golden Age was a period of peace, riches, and increasing technological inventions during a time of civilizations. Some of the advantages of the Golden Age were: trade, banking, astronomy, math, medicine, art, and architecture. The civilizations of the Middle East had a Golden Age because they were at the center of the Silk Road. They also focused on learning and translating texts around the world.

# data[].attributes.body
The Mongols are one of the nomadic tribes. Genghis Khan was their leader and he wanted/tried to take over people and the world. They weren't so great because they are probably responsible for the black death. They were also brutal conquerors. They were good, though, because they increased communication through Eurasia. The Mongols also forcibly relocated people who were useful to them. Overall, I would say they did more terrible things, rather than good, that left an impact on the world.

# data[].attributes.body
After World War ll, Korea divided into 2 parts: North Korea and South Korea. After the Korean War, the two parts remained divided. The land between the two Koreas became DMZ (Korean Demilitarized Zone). Mondern North Korea is a dictatorship and has a command economy. Their ruler is famous, Kim Jong-un. While on the other hand, South Korea is a Presidential Republic and has a market economy. South Korea is quite similar to the USA.

# data[].attributes.body
In Ancient Japan, shoguns and samurai ruled Japan. During this time, Japan was isolated from the world because shoguns felt outsiders were a threat to power. This isolation ended in 1853, and Perry demanded Japan trade with US. This lead to Japan signing treaties with US and Europe. Military generals ended up taking over government and WWll began. 2 MILLION Japanese were killed during the war, when finally on Sept. 2, 1945, Japan surrendered. After this, the US began to help Japan get back on track. Now, Japan is a Constitutional Monarchy and has a market economy.

# data[].attributes.body
Ancient Egypt was formed around the Nile River. It founded every summer, which created fertile soil, but they also found ways to control the flooding. The Pharaoh was the Egyptian king and was believed to be god. Egyptians believed in in many gods, and each god had its own purpose/meaning. The Rosetta Stone was formed during this time, as well as hieroglyphics. The Rosetta Stone had solved the mysteries of the symbols of the hieroglyphics. The Rosetta Stone had the same story written in three different languages: Greek, Demotic, and Hieroglyphics.

# data[].attributes.body
Mesopotamia is the early civilization between the Tigris and Euphrates River. They believed in more than one god, and worshiped in Ziggurats. They also believed in genies, evil spirits, and demons. They developed the first form of writing, cuneiform. It was pictures and wedged shapes with over 700 different symbols.

# data[].attributes.body
Countries make different goods/services depending on their level of development. Nations trade with each other to take advantage of one another's resources and strengths.

# data[].attributes.body
This government has a king or queen who has ALL the power. They are born into ruling, or inherited the power. This was the most common type of government until 200 years ago. Now only a few countries use this form of government. The only country that uses this government is Saudi Arabia.

# data[].attributes.body
During this civilization, people stopped being nomads and started forming tiny villages, which later became major cities. Mesopotamians and Indus River people traded with each other. They traded with seals. Seals are small blocks made of clay with a picture on them. Since archaeologists are not able to read their writings, their religion is a mystery unsolved. Although there are other clues, nobody has figured it out. Nobody knows how Indus River Valley ended.

# data[].attributes.body
Traditional economies are found in rural, non-developed countries. Customs guide economic decisions, so technology is not used. Men and women have diverse roles, such as farming, hunting, and gathering. Economic activity is usually based around family needs.

# data[].attributes.body
Resources in Market Economies are owned and controlled by individuals.  Individual freedom and choice is important! Market Economies run on supply and demand. Decisions are made by people competing to earn profit. There are many competitions among businesses.

# data[].attributes.body
When you have this form of government, your country is controlled by a group of people. They may be: elected people, leaders of the military, religious leaders, or political party leaders. The people have very little power or say. Some examples include: China, Myanmar, and Iran.

# data[].attributes.body
Government makes the choices on how resources will be used, and the prices of the goods. Change happens undoubtedly, and you have no freedom or say. Businesses are not ran for profit, so there is no competition. There are only limited choices for customers, which leads to common shortages.

# data[].attributes.body
Government AND individuals share the decision making in mixed economies. Individuals own means of production, and the government regulates the production of certain goods offered. It protects consumers and workers from unfair policies. This is the MOST EFFECTIVE economy.