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Organisms evolve similar characteristics because of their environment.

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What's the deal?

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Changes to DNA that can be passed to the next generation. Can be harmful, helpful or have no effect at all.

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Macroevolution is evolution (change) on a large scale, like the radiation of the dinosaurs into many species from a few common ancestors

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Microevolution is a change in the frequency of a gene in a population.

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Microevolution can occur when traits are selected for in the population. In the pesticide resistance example, a gene for pesticide resistance can be selected for and quickly change the frequency of the alleles for that gene. It can also be caused by mutation. A mutation may make some bugs more resistant to the pesticide. This new (or old) mutation can then be passed to the next generation.

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The process by which evolution occurs. Organisms which are better adapted to their environment survive better and produce more offspring passing those traits on to the next generation.

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Organisms that are not alike (do not share a recent common ancestor) become more alike.

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Microevolution happens on a small scale, in a single population. An example of this is how species can adapt resistance to pesticides in only a generation or two. See the picture below.

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Variation, Inheritance, Selection and Time
Variance means there must be variablilty in a trait (color, size etc) which can come about from mutation. The trait must be heritable by the next generation, there must be selective pressure for or against certain traits and time is needed for evolution (major changes) to occur.