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Matter is everything that we come across in our lives, like the air you breathe, the clothes you wear, cool drinks – literally everything! In fact, did you know that you are made of matter too? When we talk about the states of matter, we mostly talk about solids, liquids and gases.

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Solids

Solids are objects that keep their own shape and do not flow in a given temperature.  Ice is a solid but when it melts it becomes a liquid. Other examples of solids are cars, books and clothes.  Solids can be different colors and textures, and they can be turned into different shapes, for example clay. Solids are made up of molecules which group together and don’t move around.

Liquids

Liquids do not have their own shape but can take the shape of the container they are in and they can flow at a given temperature.  Examples of liquids are tea, water and blood. They can be different colors and thickness; for example, custard is a thicker liquid than tea and doesn’t flow as quickly as tea. You can measure a liquid in a cup or a spoon. Liquids are made up of molecules which are further apart than in solids and can move around easily.

Gases

Gases are air-like substances that can move around freely or flow to fit a container and they don’t have their own shape.  You can put your hand through gases and you won’t feel them.  If they get out their container they can spread easily.  We are surrounded by different gases in the air we breathe. We can’t put gas into a measuring cup to measure its volume; it has to be worked out using a mathematical formula. Their molecules are spaced apart and jiggle around.

Fun Facts about States of Matter for Kids

Liquids, like water, oil and soda, shift to fit inside the container they’re in. If you look at them under a microscope, you’ll see that they have particles that are close together, but have no rhyme or reason. The molecules move around.

Gases, including air, steam and helium, are free-flowing. You can easily put your hand through them. Gases shift to fit their container and can even fill it. Their molecules are spaced far apart and wiggle and jiggle.

Solids, like your desk, your backpack and your pants, are firm and stable. Their molecules are grouped together in organized patterns. The molecules might vibrate slightly, but they don’t move around.

Molecules of Solid Don’t move around. Liquid Molecules are close together without rhyme and they move around. Gas molecules are spaced far apart and wiggle and jiggle.

https://kera.pbslearningmedia.org/resource/evscps.sci.phys.matter/whats-the-matter/?#.Wt9yAK2ZOhc

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What ARE PHYSICAL properties?

The characteristics that we use to identify matter and distinguish them from one another are called properties.  Some examples of physical properties are:

physical state (solid, liquid or gas)

color

odor

solubility in water (the ability of substance to dissolve in water)

density

melting point     0 degrees for H20

boiling point    100 degrees for H20

freezing point   0 degrees for H20

conductivity

mass

volume

It does NOT matter how much matter you have, it will ALWAYShave the SAME boiling, melting, andfreezing points!!! The amount of time changes depending on the amount of matter not the melting, boiling, and freezing points!

Density

Density is the concentration (amount) of matter  in an object, or the amount of matter in an objects volume.Density tells us about the compactness of a material and is determined by how close together the particles are.

At a 5th grade level you need to compare objects by their ability to sink or float in water.

Example:

1 cubic unit of IRON is denser than 1 cubic unit of ALUMINUM.

The space or volume is the same, yet IRON is denser than ALUMINUM because the particles are packed closely together.

Therefore IRON is also heavier per cubic unit than ALUMINUM.
| eddensity of liquids

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Can states of matter change from one to another?

Answer: States of matter can change. For example, water – a liquid – can turn to ice, which is a solid. Heat it up and the ice becomes steam, which is a gas.

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