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The foldscope and the paperfuge are the best because both of the innovations can be used in remote regions due to its cost, and how accessible their components are in the remote areas, in order to fix the them if a need arises. Whereas the nanomal DNA analyser is not the best because it is  too expensive and uses nanotechnology.

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The foldscope and the paperfuge are the best because both of the innovations can be used in remote regions due to its cost, and how accessible their components are in the remote areas, in order to fix the them if a need arises. Whereas the nanomal DNA analyser is not the best because it is  too expensive and uses nanotechnology.

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Winner cup icon/ Fine Art Pixel/ n.d.

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Therefore, these types of people can be diagnosed with a foldscope, paperfuge, and nanomal DNA analyser if they are experiencing a symptom of malaria when they arrive at Canada. 

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Therefore, these types of people can be diagnosed with a foldscope, paperfuge, and nanomal DNA analyser if they are experiencing a symptom of malaria when they arrive at Canada. 

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The Nanomal Project conducted clinical trial for the nanomal DNA analyser from 2013-2015 in Gabon. The results showed that it can be used for malaria testing, but further testing have been completed after 2015 as well.

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The Nanomal Project conducted clinical trial for the nanomal DNA analyser from 2013-2015 in Gabon. The results showed that it can be used for malaria testing, but further testing have been completed after 2015 as well.

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The nanomal DNA analyser works by extracting and amplifying the DNA from a blood sample and binding it to probes on the surface of the electronic biosensors.

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The nanomal DNA analyser works by extracting and amplifying the DNA from a blood sample and binding it to probes on the surface of the electronic biosensors.

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The foldscope is operated by placing the capillary blood sample on the microscope slide, turning on the LED and examining it by looking throught the micro-lens and panning and focusing with one's thumb.

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The foldscope is operated by placing the capillary blood sample on the microscope slide, turning on the LED and examining it by looking throught the micro-lens and panning and focusing with one's thumb.

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A foldscope, a foldable microscope that costs about 48 cents, weighs 8.8 g, and needs no external power can examine the buffy coat area of a blood sample with a magnification of 2000x after the plasma separation is complete by the paperfuge.   

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A foldscope, a foldable microscope that costs about 48 cents, weighs 8.8 g, and needs no external power can examine the buffy coat area of a blood sample with a magnification of 2000x after the plasma separation is complete by the paperfuge.   

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Foldscope/McCrone/2015

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Due to this social issue, patients with malaria will not only suffer from their illness, but also from poverty because of unemployment. In order to solve this issue, innovated diagnostic tools that are inexpensive and electricity-free should be used to treat malaria in resource-limited environments. 

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Due to this social issue, patients with malaria will not only suffer from their illness, but also from poverty because of unemployment. In order to solve this issue, innovated diagnostic tools that are inexpensive and electricity-free should be used to treat malaria in resource-limited environments. 

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The components of the foldscope are foldscope paper components, ball lens, button-cell battery, surface-mounted LED, copper tape, and polymeric filters. 

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The components of the foldscope are foldscope paper components, ball lens, button-cell battery, surface-mounted LED, copper tape, and polymeric filters. 

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Foldscope Components/ The High Tech Society/n.d.

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An old method of diagnosing malaria is by obtaining a drop of blood on a blood film.

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An old method of diagnosing malaria is by obtaining a drop of blood on a blood film.

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Blood Drop on a Blood Film/Siemens/n.d.

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Then the blood is spread out on the blood film and stained by Giemsa stain, in order to examine a malaria parasite under a microscope. 

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Then the blood is spread out on the blood film and stained by Giemsa stain, in order to examine a malaria parasite under a microscope. 

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Blood Smear/Microbak/2018

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The international and domestic levels raised US$2.7 billion to eliminate malaria. The amount of money invested was not enough to decrease malaria deaths because the diagnostic tools and life-saving instruments were not accessible. 

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The international and domestic levels raised US$2.7 billion to eliminate malaria. The amount of money invested was not enough to decrease malaria deaths because the diagnostic tools and life-saving instruments were not accessible. 

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International and Domestic funding from 2010-2016/ World Health Organization (WHO)/World Malaria Report 2017/2017

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There were 210 million malaria cases and 446 000 malaria deaths in 2015 worldwide. 

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There were 210 million malaria cases and 446 000 malaria deaths in 2015 worldwide. 

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Malaria Cases in 2015/ World Bank - WDI/2015

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There were 216 million malaria cases and 445 000 malaria deaths in 2016 worldwide. 

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There were 216 million malaria cases and 445 000 malaria deaths in 2016 worldwide. 

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Malaria Deaths in 2016/ IHME, Global Burden of Diseases (GBD)/2016

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Icon Picture to Symbolize what this padlet is about: 

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Icon Picture to Symbolize what this padlet is about: 

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Eliminating malaria infected mosquito/Malaria No More/n. d.

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Malaria infected mosquito biting a human arm/Your Genome/n. d.

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If someone wants to use a paperfuge by using a sample of their blood and then viewing it under the foldscope; it is best to find someone that knows how to use a paperfuge and foldscope very well, in order to know what you are looking at under the foldscope.   

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If someone wants to use a paperfuge by using a sample of their blood and then viewing it under the foldscope; it is best to find someone that knows how to use a paperfuge and foldscope very well, in order to know what you are looking at under the foldscope.   

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Assembling Foldscope at Home/Mostly Microbes/2016

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Anyone can use a foldscope to view microscopic organisms by purchasing  the deluxe individual foldscope kit online.

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Anyone can use a foldscope to view microscopic organisms by purchasing  the deluxe individual foldscope kit online.

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Deluxe Individual Foldscope Kit/Quora/n.d.

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Once the inventors of the foldscope, paperfuge, and nanomal DNA analyser have conducted enough clinical trials, the innovations will most likely be used in the sub-Saharan Africa because 90% of malaria cases woeldwide occurred there in 2016.

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Once the inventors of the foldscope, paperfuge, and nanomal DNA analyser have conducted enough clinical trials, the innovations will most likely be used in the sub-Saharan Africa because 90% of malaria cases woeldwide occurred there in 2016.

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Malaria Cases in the African Region/Getty Images/Guardian Graphic/ n.d.

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Canadian travellers, who visit malaria-endemic countries, new immigrants, refugees and international tourists, who are from malaria-endemic countries, have caused malaria cases to occur in Canada. 

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Canadian travellers, who visit malaria-endemic countries, new immigrants, refugees and international tourists, who are from malaria-endemic countries, have caused malaria cases to occur in Canada. 

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Canadian Travellers Importing Malaria to Canada/ Government of Canada/ 2016

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The international and domestic levels will no longer have to raise a substantial amount of money in order to provide resource-limited environments with diagnostic tools, when inexpensive diagnostic tools like the foldscope, paperfuge, and nanomal DNA analyser are used instaed. 

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The international and domestic levels will no longer have to raise a substantial amount of money in order to provide resource-limited environments with diagnostic tools, when inexpensive diagnostic tools like the foldscope, paperfuge, and nanomal DNA analyser are used instaed. 

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Economy/The Hill/2018

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Innovated diagnostic tools can inspire others to come up with new innovated diagnostic tools, in order to become the next group of people to solve other problems around the world, instead of expecting the scientists to do so. 

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Innovated diagnostic tools can inspire others to come up with new innovated diagnostic tools, in order to become the next group of people to solve other problems around the world, instead of expecting the scientists to do so. 

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Increasing Innovative Thinking/ News of Nigeria/ 2015

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 Making scientific tools accessible as much as a pencil is, can provide access to scientific literacy. Children carrying a foldscope every where can help them see and feel the microscopic features of life on Earth and learn scientific methods, observations, and theories that can be applied with a foldacope and paperfuge.   

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 Making scientific tools accessible as much as a pencil is, can provide access to scientific literacy. Children carrying a foldscope every where can help them see and feel the microscopic features of life on Earth and learn scientific methods, observations, and theories that can be applied with a foldacope and paperfuge.   

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An Accessible Scientific Tool/Kickstarter/ n.d.

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 The foldscope and paperfuge were created to enable healthcare workers to provide healthcare to patients by performing diagnostic assays with inexpensive and electricity-free diagnostic tool.

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 The foldscope and paperfuge were created to enable healthcare workers to provide healthcare to patients by performing diagnostic assays with inexpensive and electricity-free diagnostic tool.

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Clinical Trials for Foldscope/Manu Prakash/ Kqed Quest/ 2015

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Since the foldscope looks like this origami camera, the patients that already have lost hope in getting better might worsen their situation after seeing diagnostic tools that look toys. 

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Since the foldscope looks like this origami camera, the patients that already have lost hope in getting better might worsen their situation after seeing diagnostic tools that look toys. 

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Origami Camera/ Deposite Photos/2017

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Since the paperfuge looks like a  whirligig toy, patients might not think that their disease is a serious issue.

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Since the paperfuge looks like a  whirligig toy, patients might not think that their disease is a serious issue.

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Whirligig Toy/Dengguoli/ Amazon/2017

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The batteries used for the nanomal DNA analyser can affect the marine life by exposing them to toxic materials because when the batteries are wasted and their toxic substances leak in the oceans through the landfills.  

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The batteries used for the nanomal DNA analyser can affect the marine life by exposing them to toxic materials because when the batteries are wasted and their toxic substances leak in the oceans through the landfills.  

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Batteries/Huguette Roe/Dreamstime/2017

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Nanomal DNA analyser wieghs about 190 g and costs about the price of a smart-phone, which may be given to developing countries for free. The single-test cartridge cost US$18, but plans are to decrease the price, in order for it to be affordable in remote regions.

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Nanomal DNA analyser wieghs about 190 g and costs about the price of a smart-phone, which may be given to developing countries for free. The single-test cartridge cost US$18, but plans are to decrease the price, in order for it to be affordable in remote regions.

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Nanomal DNA Analyser/St George's University of London/2013

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Sanjeev Krishna invented the nanomal DNA analyser, which is a portable and an inexpensive device that diagnosis malaria and parasites’ drug resistance.

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Sanjeev Krishna invented the nanomal DNA analyser, which is a portable and an inexpensive device that diagnosis malaria and parasites’ drug resistance.

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Sanjeev Krishna/The Conversation/ 2013

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Prakash's team conducted clinical trails for the paperfuge with 50 samples at two hospitals in Madagascar in 2016. After further testing were conducted for the paperfuge in 2017, the results showed that it is reliable for malaria testing.  

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Prakash's team conducted clinical trails for the paperfuge with 50 samples at two hospitals in Madagascar in 2016. After further testing were conducted for the paperfuge in 2017, the results showed that it is reliable for malaria testing.  

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Clinical Trials for the Paperfuge/Techcrunch/2017

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This is how a blood sample would look like after the paperfuge has separated the plasma from the red blood cells by rotating the paperfuge for 15 minutes. The picture at the top right shows how a malaria parasite in the buffy coat area of the blood sample would look like under a microscope. 

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This is how a blood sample would look like after the paperfuge has separated the plasma from the red blood cells by rotating the paperfuge for 15 minutes. The picture at the top right shows how a malaria parasite in the buffy coat area of the blood sample would look like under a microscope. 

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Plasma Seperation/Manu Prakash/Nature/2017

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Prakash's phase 1 project shipped 50 000 foldscopes to people in 130 countries in 2016. Prakash's phase 2 project shipped a million foldscopes around the world in 2017.

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Prakash's phase 1 project shipped 50 000 foldscopes to people in 130 countries in 2016. Prakash's phase 2 project shipped a million foldscopes around the world in 2017.

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Phase 1 of Foldscope Project/Kickstarter/n.d.

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A microscope that costs  US$128.91 and weighs 1.2 kg is used to examine the buffy coat region of a blood sample for a malaria parasite, called Plasmodium falcipuram after the centrifuge has  separated the plasma from the red blood cells.

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A microscope that costs  US$128.91 and weighs 1.2 kg is used to examine the buffy coat region of a blood sample for a malaria parasite, called Plasmodium falcipuram after the centrifuge has  separated the plasma from the red blood cells.

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Microscope/School Specialty/ n.d.

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The components of the paperfuge are two circular paper discs, two wooden handles, string, capillaries, capillary holders, and plastic shims 

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The components of the paperfuge are two circular paper discs, two wooden handles, string, capillaries, capillary holders, and plastic shims 

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Paperfuge Components/Manu Prakash/ bioRxiv/2016

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Separation of plasma from whole blood using paperfuge

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Separation of plasma from whole blood using paperfuge

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Separation of plasma from whole blood using paperfuge/ Manu Prakash/Science Today/ 2017

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Paperfuge (Ultralow-cost centrifuge loaded by hand)

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Manu Prakash invented the paperfuge and foldscope to provide remote regions with inexpensive and electricity-free diagnostic tools for diagnosing malaria. 

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Manu Prakash invented the paperfuge and foldscope to provide remote regions with inexpensive and electricity-free diagnostic tools for diagnosing malaria. 

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Manu Prakash/National Geographic/2015

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A paperfuge, a paper centrifuge, costs 20 cents, weighs 2 g, and spins human blood samples for 15 minutes at a speed of 125 000 r.p.m. to accomplish the plasma separation by only hand power.

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A paperfuge, a paper centrifuge, costs 20 cents, weighs 2 g, and spins human blood samples for 15 minutes at a speed of 125 000 r.p.m. to accomplish the plasma separation by only hand power.

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Paperfuge/Public Domain/2017

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A centrifuge costs US$4405.63, weighs 22 g, and spins human blood samples for at least 15 minutes at speeds from 2200-2500 r.p.m. to separate the plasma from the red bloods cells.  

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A centrifuge costs US$4405.63, weighs 22 g, and spins human blood samples for at least 15 minutes at speeds from 2200-2500 r.p.m. to separate the plasma from the red bloods cells.  

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Centrifuge/Fisher Scientific/n. d.

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Malaria Deaths due to Inadequate Funding and Diagnostic Tools 

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Malaria Deaths due to Inadequate Funding and Diagnostic Tools 