# data[].attributes.body
ADHD - chronic condition marked by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and sometimes impulsivity.

Medical Model - assumption that abnormal behaviour is the result of physical problems and should be treated medically.

Mania - mental illness marked by periods of great excitement, euphoria, delusions, and overactivity.

Dissociative Identity Disorder - a severe condition in which two or more distinct identities, or personality states, are present

Rumination - the tendency to repetitively think about the causes, situational factors, and consequences of one's negative emotional experience

Delusion - a mistaken belief that is held with strong conviction even when presented with superior evidence to the contrary

Hallucination - a sensory experience of something that does not exist outside the mind, caused by various physical and mental disorders, or by reaction to certain toxic substances, and usually manifested as visual or auditory images.

Dopamine Hypothesis =  a theory that proposes a biological cause of schizophrenia. This is the oldest theory about the cause of schizophrenia and was first presented in the 1960s. It suggests that schizophrenia is caused by too much DA transmission in the brain.

Somatic Disorder - When an individual believes there's something wrong with them when in reality they're not suffering from that ailment

Antisocial Personality Disorder - mental condition in which a person has a long-term pattern of manipulating, exploiting, or violating the rights of others.

Psychotherapy - the treatment of mental disorder by psychological rather than medical means.

Biomedical Therapy - treating and reworking the brain

Eclectic - a therapeutic approach that incorporates a variety of therapeutic principles and philosophies in order to create the ideal treatment program to meet the specific needs of the patient or client

Psychoanalysis - a system of psychological theory and therapy that aims to treat mental disorders by investigating the interaction of conscious and unconscious elements in the mind and bringing repressed fears and conflicts into the conscious mind by techniques such as dream interpretation and free association.

Interpretation - the process through which we represent and understand stimuli.

Transference - the redirection of feelings and desires and especially of those unconsciously retained from childhood toward a new object.

Insight Therapy - technique whish assumes that a person's behavior, thoughts, and emotions become disordered as a result of the individual's lack of understanding as to what motivates him or her, such as unresolved old conflicts or beliefs

Active Listening - fully concentrating on what is being said rather than just passively 'hearing' the message of the speaker.

Client Centered Therapy - counseling approach that requires the client to take an active role in his or her treatment with the therapist being nondirective and supportive

Unconditional Positive Regard - a concept developed by the humanistic psychologist Carl Rogers, is the basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does, especially in the context of client-centered therapy

# data[].attributes.body
Adversive Conditioning

Disordered Thinking

Carl Rogers - Know everything that is affiliated with him.

GAD - chronic and sufferers experience severe worry and tension, often without provocation. This disorder involves anticipating disaster, often worrying excessively about health, money, family, or work.

Phobia - An intense feeling of fear towards a certain person/thing.

Panic Disorder -  A person with panic disorder experiences sudden and repeated panic attacks—episodes of intense fear and discomfort that reach a peak within a few minutes—during which time the individual experiences physical symptoms such as chest pain, heart palpitations, breathlessness, vertigo, or abdominal distress, sometimes accompanied by the fear of dying or of going insane.

Social Anxiety Disorder - Social anxiety is the fear of social situations that involve interaction with other people.

Agoraphobia - Agoraphobia, type of anxiety disorder characterized by avoidance of situations that induce intense fear and panic.

OCD - Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is an anxiety disorder in which people have unwanted and repeated thoughts, feelings, images, and sensations

PTSD - A disorder in which a person has difficulty recovering after experiencing or witnessing a terrifying event.

# data[].attributes.body
-Amnesia - 2 Types

Psychogenic and Organic

Psychogenic - Memory loss for both disfant and recent past
-Lose personal identity
-usually ends within hours or days

Organic

# data[].attributes.body
Dissociative Disorder
-Amnesia

-Dissociative identity disorder
--Presence of two or more distinct personalities

-Fugue
--Suddenly lost but recoverable memory
-Lasts hours to days
-Usually involves unplanned travel

Schizophrenia
-Disordered thoughts, inappropriate actions, bizarre behavior
-Genetic
-Excessive Dopamine
Positive Type
-Hallucination
Negative Type
-Zombie Like

Paranoid
-Perception of delusions
Disorganized
-Speech is presented in a disorganized manner
Catatonic
-Inability to move normally

# data[].attributes.body
The Big Three

Biological Model
-Abnormal behavior is caused from Psychological Malfunctions
Psychodynamic Model
-Unconscious, Internal Causes
Cognitive-Behavioral Model
-Abnormal behavior is the result of Learning + Thought Process

# data[].attributes.body
Mood Disorders

Major Depression Disorder
-Intensive Sadness (can last moths to forever)

Dysthymia/Persistent Depressive Disorder
-Involves less intensive sadness
-2 or more years
-Biological Change

Bipolar Disorder
-Involves both depressed and manic episodes

Bipolar 1
-Has severe highs and lows
Bipolar 2
-Less severe highs and lows

Causes of Depression

Biological Factors
-Chemical imbalances
--Serotonin (Low Levels)
-Linked with chromosome 11
--For bipolar
--Low Level Serotonin
--Higher levels of norepinephrine

# data[].attributes.body
Stigma - Stereotype of something

Biological Model - Abnormal behavior is caused from PHYSIOLOGICAL malfunctions

Psychodynamic Model - UNCONSCIOUS, Internal Causes

Cognitive - Behavioral Model

Abnormal behavior is result of LEARNING + THOUGHT PROCESS

Social
Biological
Psychological

# data[].attributes.body
Personality Disorder
-inflexible, exaggerated, and maladaptive ways of thinking

Cluster A
Schizoid Personality Disorder
-Long term and persistent pattern of indifference
-Detachment from society and very limited range of emotions

Schizotipal
-Odd thought, speech and emotional reactions

Paranoid Personality Disorder
-Inappropriately suspicious and mistrustful of others
-Refuse to accept blame or criticism

Cluster B
Borderline Personality Disorder
-Impulsive
-Self-destructive
-Unstable self-image
-Mostly Women
Antisocial Personality Disorder
-Pattern of violent, criminal, or unethical behavior
-Inability to feel affection for others
-No Remorse for action
-Mostly Men
Histrionic Personality Disorder
-Very Dramatic
-Attention Seeking
-Needs Praise and reassurance
Narcissistic Personality Disorder
-Grandiose view of themselves
-Constant Attention and admiration

Cluster C
Dependent Personality DIsorder
-Inability to make decisions on own
-Can't live independetly
-Can't tolerate being alone
Avoidance Personality Disorder
-Fear of rejections
-leads to isolation
OCD

# data[].attributes.body
stigma- stereotype of something

in order to be classified with a psychological disorder, the behavior must be....
UMAD
Unjustifiable-
Maladaptive
Atypical
Disturbing

neurosis- emotional disturbance characterized by excessive anxiety
psychosis- emotional disturbance characterized by inability to cope in real world- cant function

biopsychosocial framework: an approach to describing and explaining how biological, psychological and social factors combine and interact to influence physical and mental health