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Baskets: It's a box to throw the garbage.
Contamination: The affectation of the enviroment.
Pollution: Contamination.
Recycle: Is use the things two times or more.
Resources: Is a stock or a supply.
Scandalous: Some much noisy.
Traffic: The group of cars that transit in the streets.
Sustainability: Is you can mantain the rate or the level.
Harmful: Is cause to damage.
Diseases: A sicks.
Damage: An injury.
Consequences: An affectation.
Deaf: Is when you can't hear.
Gatherings: A acumulation of the same things.
Massive: Much things.
Renewable: That you can use again.
Fix: Repair.
Toxic:Has a high risk of default.
Asthma: A respiratory sick.
Quality: The degree of excellence.
Energy: Power derived from the utilization of physical or chemical resources.
Trash: waste material refuse.
Smoke: This the toxic gas.

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In the following video we can see how we are polluting the environment through smoke.

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Air Pollution | #aumsum #kids #science #education #children

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The CDB is an example to follow, we have the different baskets, we recycle the rain water. If a simple school can, all the city can do it

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We have more tipes of contamination we need to use infinite resources like the wind.

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The opportunity

Colombia has a rich endowment of energy sources and the country is heavily reliant on installed hydropower (65 per cent of annual consumption), which provides cost effective electricity. However, Colombia has strong potential for non-conventional sources of energy generation, particularly solar, wind and biomass. According to the UN Industrial Development Organization and the International Centre on Small Hydro Power, in 2010 Colombia saw its highest growth for renewable energy generation, totalling 2,543MW of added capacity. It is estimated that large scale onshore wind and large scale geothermal would be able to achieve the same cost/KW as that of current hydroelectric generation.

Colombia's electricity and energy sector is under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Mines and Energy (MME). The MME has adopted an Indicative Action Plan and established a target of achieving 3.5 per cent of on-grid and 20 per cent of off-grid generation from renewable sources by 2015. This is to be increased to 6.5 per cent and 30 per cent respectively in 2020. However, there are no legislative targets associated with the accomplishment of these goals.

Potential

In terms of wind energy potential, different studies agree that the use of this resource alone would be sufficient to meet the country's current energy needs. The department of La Guajira stands out for its high natural resources in this area (estimated at 21GW of capacity). Winds in La Guajira have been classified as Class 7 (close to ten metres per second annual average), making it one of only two regions in Latin America to winds of this speed. The Jepirachi wind farm, the first operational wind farm in the country, is located in this area. There is also potential for large scale solar generation in the Orinoco and San Andrés areas in the northern part of the country.

Biomass energy also has a positive outlook due to the large quantities of agricultural and forestry waste produced in the country. Important sources of agricultural waste are from banana plantations, rice, coffee, and livestock. The most suitable places for generating this form of energy are the departments of Santander and Norte de Santander, Valle del Cauca, Llanos Orientales, and the Caribbean coast. There are some existing biomass projects, such as the Ingenio Mayagüez cogeneration plant, which became operational in 2011.

With regard to small-scale hydropower, there is an estimated 25GW of naturally occurring potential for electricity generation, mainly in the Andean region. However, concerns about the environmental impact of hydropower, and the fact that large-scale hydroelectric plants are already located in the best places, are likely to put a halt on further developments in this sector.

Support regimes

Law 1665 of 2013 (the New Renewable Energy Law (REL)) was adopted in April 2014. The REL approved the International Renewable Energy Agency Statute as an attempt to promote the adoption and sustainable use of all forms of renewable energy, including bioenergy, geothermal, hydropower, ocean, solar, and wind energy, in the pursuit of sustainable development, energy access, energy security and low-carbon economic growth.

The Financial Support Fund for Energy Provision in Non- Interconnected Zones (FAER) was created in 2000 by Law 633 of 2000. This fund has proven to be an important tool for the financing of projects in areas not connected to the national grid. The fund focuses on energy expansion using both renewable and non-renewable energy sources, and has become an important instrument for financing projects in these regions. Another significant aspect of Law 633 is the creation of the Fund for Non-Conventional Energies (FENOGE), which will help to finance initiatives in nonconventional energy with public and international resources.

Investors in renewable energy projects can obtain a 50 per cent annual deduction of taxable income for the first five years following an investment. Equipment and machinery are excluded from VAT and, if such equipment and machinery is imported, customs duties are exempt.

Finally, the government has regulated the self-generation of energy through Decree 2469 of 2014. Legal or natural persons will be considered self-generators if the energy they produce is for their own consumption and if they do not use national transmission or distributions systems. However, if there are surpluses, self-generators can deliver energy to the national network in accordance with the regulation established by the Energy and Gas Regulation Commission (CREG). Large-scale self-generators must be represented in the wholesale electric market by a distribution agent, who will market the surplus to the National Network. In addition, large-scale self-generators have to enter into a backup contract with the network operator which sets out the fees and charges for the energy distribution services performed by the operator.

It is important to mention that all self-generators will be considered as large scale producers until the CREG establishes criteria to determine which self-generators will be deemed large scale.

Obstacles/challenges

Colombia's abundant hydro resources, and the historic lack of recognition of the benefits of renewable energy generation, have limited the call for government incentives in sectors like wind, geothermal and solar. There is a widespread perception that additional hydro capacity is the best solution, with fossil fuel capacity laid by for dry years.

Wind and solar energy are not competitive when compared to other kinds of energy generation, due to their intermittent nature. Hydrocarbons, on the other hand, have the advantage of being easily transportable and relatively cheap. These characteristics still make hydrocarbons more attractive to consumers compared to wind and solar sources. It remains true that consumers tend to prefer the cheapest and most effective products.

In addition, there are very few companies with the financial and technical capabilities to assume the high initial costs of renewables projects. Moreover, uncertainty about the generation capacity and reliability of non-dispatchable energy increases the financial sector's perception of risk. This constitutes an economic barrier to any project and to any potential economies of scale which could lower the price of non-conventional energy. Higher costs create disincentives for companies to replace conventional sources of energy with non-conventional ones.

Another economic obstacle is the lack of public funds for the development of viable projects. If the use of renewable energy sources is to be accelerated, new and innovative mechanisms for financing will need to be implemented by both the government and private sector.

The future

There are several interesting projects in the pipeline. One of them, the Jouktai Wind Farm in the Cabo de la Vela District of the La Guajira department, is currently under construction and will soon initiate operation. Developed by ISAGEN, an estimated initial capacity of 31.5MW is expected, requiring the investment of approximately US$60 million. In addition, pre-feasibility studies have been concluded for two largescale thermal projects near the Municipality of Villamaria, both developed by ISAGEN. The projects are still at an early stage, but progress in field and power plant development is expected in the next two years. Finally, the Ipapure Wind Farm project, with an estimated initial capacity of 200MW, is currently undergoing preliminary studies in the La Guajira department.

According to the Energy Productivity and Economic Prosperity Index of 2015, Colombia is currently the second country in Latin America to consume more units of energy than number of points of GDP. In fact, Colombia produces €330,000 million of GDP for every exajoule consumed, reflecting the considerable growth in Colombia's energy demand. Taking that into account, the Institute of Planning and Promotion of Energetic Solutions (IPSE) has subscribed to a memorandum of understanding with Kepco, an expert in the renewable energy field, to consult on the introduction of non-conventional energy sources into the Colombian grid. To accompany this initiative, the Unit of Mining and Energetic Planning (UPME) included in the National Energetic Plan for 2050 a goal to increase the contribution of non-conventional renewable energy sources (photovoltaic, wind and biomass power) to ten per cent of the country's total installed capacity by 2028.

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Renewable energy in Latin America: Colombia

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Colombia has a rich endowment of energy sources and the country is heavily reliant on installed hydropower (65 per cent of annual consumption), which provides cost effective electricity. However, Colombia has strong potential for non-conventional sources of energy generation, particularly solar, wind and biomass.

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The traffic is a massive pollution in all the aspects, no only the wind has been affected, the scandalous of the traffic is massive, we can't walk in our city isn't hear the noisy traffic. The tolerances an aspect to get better.

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Few things are as precious as our children's health. That's why the research commissioned by the mayor of London on the amount of schools in areas with illegal levels of toxic air is so troubling. The findings expose the severe problems with air pollution in London.

But it's not just a problem for Londoners. Safe air pollution levels are being breached across Britain. And children are the ones who are most vulnerable. Worryingly, this study drives home the extent to which their lung health is genuinely in danger. Why? This is due, in part, to the immaturity of children's respiratory and immune systems. Children's lungs are still growing and air pollution can stunt that growth. Evidence has shown that children growing up in polluted areas are four times more likely to have poor lung growth. Children with smaller lungs are more likely to have health problems in later life.

From links to asthma, chronic chest problems and emerging evidence of the impact on children's mental and cognitive health: pollution is bad for children.

The UK's air quality is more than a hot topic; it's a public health crisis. The negative health effects need to be given far greater prominence.

Research shows that if a baby is exposed to air pollution in the womb, it can alter its lung development. If it is exposed to a lot of air pollution, it can also lead to premature birth and low birth weight.

For the rest of us, short-term exposure to dirty air can cause irreparable damage to the lining of our lungs, coughing and wheezing. The irritation to our respiratory system can leave us feeling out of breath. Long-term exposure can lead to a reduction in lung function. There is now a growing body of evidence that there is an increased risk of lung cancer and cardiovascular disease. The statistic that is becoming well known is that it contributes to approximately 40,000 early deaths a year.

So what is causing the high levels of pollution that we are now frequently experiencing? Over the past 30 years, pollution levels have actually improved, but there are still illegal levels in many towns and cities. Since 1970, thanks to changes in power generation and industry, emissions of nitrogen oxides have declined 69%, while emissions of particulate matter (small particles that can get lodged in our lungs) are down nearly 73%. This doesn't mean that there isn't a serious problem with air pollution.

What has changed is an increase in vehicle usage, and the amount of diesel used on the road. This means traffic emissions have become the major source of pollution in urban areas, where the majority of the population lives.

The World Health Organization has classified diesel as a class one carcinogen. What this means is that over a lifetime it increases the risk of getting lung cancer in a similar way to inhaling tobacco smoke.

Reducing diesel vehicles has to be part of the solution if we're going to bring pollution down to safe levels. We need to prioritise getting older, more polluting diesels off the roads. The British Lung Foundation believes diesel needs phasing out, but for this to happen much more investment is needed in cleaner and alternative transport options.

What's frustrating is that the majority of diesel owners bought their cars thinking they were healthier and cleaner. Plus, the tax system continues to provide incentives to buy diesel cars. We hope the chancellor will address this, and introduce a scrappage scheme to encourage people to switch from diesel to cleaner fuel.

I've planted plenty of worries for parents and teachers - indeed, for all of us - but there are practical steps everyone can take to protect their lungs. In the most polluted places, or when we're experiencing a severe reduction in air quality, avoid walking along main roads, steer clear of rush-hour traffic and always carry any medication with you. On the school run, look for alternative routes that avoid busy traffic areas. Cycling and walking, where it's practical to do so, is the best option for healthy lungs.

A major issue is the lack of available data and information on air pollution. We need more monitors in places such as schools, providing accurate information to help parents and teachers make practical choices around their health.

We hope the chancellor will take bold action next week, creating incentives to reduce diesel vehicles on our roads. It will be a step in the right direction, but it won't be enough on its own. We still need a new Clean Air Act, with fair and ambitious targets to reduce pollution levels. Our children's lungs demand it.
Topics

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Traffic pollution must be fixed: our children's lungs demand it | Penny Woods

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Few things are as precious as our children's health. That's why the research commissioned by the mayor of London on the amount of schools in areas with illegal levels of toxic air is so troubling. The findings expose the severe problems with air pollution in London. But it's not just a problem for Londoners.

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The air pollution of the air produces harmful effects for human health. Epidemiological studies establishing comparisons between urban areas (high level of contamination) and rural areas (low level of contamination) show that the increase in cases of respiratory diseases is related to the former.

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The government of Bogota said on Tuesday that car traffic in Colombia's capital has doubled over the past ten years.

While presenting the policy results of 2013, Bogota Mayor Gustavo Petro said that the number of cars has gone up from 509,000 in 2002 to 1,290,000 in 2012.

During the same period, the number of motorcycles duplicated by 20, said Petro.

According to the government figures, the time an average Bogota commuter spends in traffic every day went from 51 minutes in 2002 t0 72 minutes in 2012.

Average time spent in traffic daily

The governments of Bogota have long tried to curb the consequences of increased car traffic and the consequent traffic jams, increasing efforts to amplify its mass transit bus system and the construction of an underground metro system.

However, mismanagement and a major public works corruption scandal that hit the administration of former Mayor Samuel Moreno have stalled progress in constructing extensions of the Transmilenio bus network and the preparations of the metro.

In his presentation, Petro said that between 2002 and 2012 the number of buses in the city did quadruple, going from 3,600 to 13,600.

Bogota traffic since 2002

Sources

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Bogota says car traffic in Colombia's capital doubled over past decade

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The government of Bogota said on Tuesday that car traffic in Colombia's capital has doubled over the past ten years. While presenting the policy results of 2013, Bogota Mayor Gustavo Petro said that the number of cars has gone up from 509,000 in 2002 to 1,290,000 in 2012.

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All know that the schools are sites of learning, but in this places the guys talk much and the techers sometimes scream to the guys, that noises damage the ear.

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High School Hallway Ambience #2 (Background Sound Effect)

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The desperation of citizens in the streets.
The consequences of noise are serious, we are creating a society of secondary deaf in the future, on the other hand, social gatherings, discotheques and public transport, especially in cars by post and buses, there are high levels of noise that cause damage , daily, in the auditory system of the collective in general.