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Since Australia is in the Southern Hemisphere, its seasons are the opposite of us in the Northern Hemisphere. Summer in January and Winter in July. Can you imagine Christmas in the Summer or New Years Eve at the beach! Lots of people from north of the equator come to Australia in December to escape the cold of winter and come to the sun and heat of Australia in summer. This gives Australia an advantage because when flowers are out of season in America and Japan, they are in season in Australia, so they can export their flowers and produce to those countries in their winter and stores can have fresh produce and flowers all year.

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There are about a million different species of plants and animals and lots of them are unusual ones that are only found in Australia. When Australia was separated from the other continents, its plant and animal species developed without ever coming in contact with species from other places which means that many of the species here are one of a kind. These species have adapted to a wide variety of climates. When European explorers brought other species (exotic species) with them, they adapted to the environment quickly and began becoming harmful to the native species because they were eating lots of the food and taking over the native species habitats. This has caused some of the native species to die out and lots are either endangered or threatened.

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While we are freezing and getting snow during the holidays, Australia is enjoying warm days at the beach!

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While we are freezing and getting snow during the holidays, Australia is enjoying warm days at the beach!

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33.4: New Relationships with Near Neighbors

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33.4: New Relationships with Near Neighbors

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When Australia first became an independent country in 1901, it had a strict immigration law known as the "White Australia" immigration policy. This policy was put in affect to keep people of color from immigrating to Australia. People who wanted to immigrate to Australia had to pass a "dictation test" where they had to read aloud a 50 word statement in a European language and then write it down. Only Europeans could really pass the test so hardly any people of color were in Australia. In the 1970's the "White Australia" policy ended and ever since immigration has boomed. 200,000 people migrate to Australia each year seeking refuge or better opportunities. Over half of those people come from Asia, Oceania nearest neighbor. This has led to some tension between ethnic groups but has ultimately made Australia a more diverse, plural society. This has also led to an increase in trade with Asian countries like South Korea, China, and Taiwan, where as Australia used to rely solely on Japan and Europe for trade.

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Map of Migration To Australia In Recent Years

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Map of Migration To Australia In Recent Years

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There are still lots of Europeans migrating here but a most of the people migrating to Australia are from Asia.

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The first people to live in Australia were called aborigines. They believe the land is sacred and should be kept alive. The Europeans saw the land differently, as something that should be owned and used. After British sea captain James Cook claimed Australia as land of Great Britain, it was initially a prison colony for the British. Eventually the prison was shut down, but many people stayed. Later on, people struck gold in Australia and many more Europeans left for a chance at wealth. As more people came to Australia, the aborigines were often being pushed off of their land. Now there is only around 400,000 aborigines left in Australia. The Europeans left a big influence on Australia. Almost half of Australians have English or Irish roots, Australia's official language is English, and they even have Union Jack (England's Flag) on the top left corner of their flag. Australia also recognizes the English monarchs and 10,000 Britons (People from the UK) migrate or move to Australia each year.

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The British Have Had A Big Influence On Australia 

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The British Have Had A Big Influence On Australia 

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They even have Union Jack (Great Britian's Flag) on their flag! (British flag)

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Australia is the only place in the world that is a country AND a continent. It has very diverse geography. Much of Australia is desert (The Outback) although there is also large coastal cities like Sydney and Melbourne. Scientist don't think Australia and the rest of Oceania was always "Down Under." The continental drift theory suggests that there was once 1 large continent, a supercontinent called Pangaea and the over millions of years, the continents drifted off to form the Earth we know today, but this theory also suggests the continents are still drifting a little today. (Average of 1 inch each year). Australia also has a lot of biodiversity with native animals like koalas, kangaroos, and kookaburras that can't be found anywhere else because Australia was separated from the rest of the continents. There are also exotic species that were brought from other countries that are causing native species to become threatened or even endangered.

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Pangaea and the continental drift theory

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Pangaea and the continental drift theory

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Video on Exotic Species That Were Brought to Australia

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Video on Exotic Species That Were Brought to Australia

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What Animals Have Been Introduced To Australia?

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Absolute location is where a place is exactly located using latitude and longitude. Relative location is where a place is relative to somewhere else. (Ex. Kentucky is south relative to Ohio.) Australia was discovered by British explorers in the late 1700s and it has a strange location that affects the way of life there in many ways. Australia's relative location is south because it's in the southern hemisphere and it's absolute location is 25.2744° S, 133.7751° E. (It's "down under" the equator. Hints the nickname.) The weather is very different there and there are animals that can only be found in Australia.

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Some of the native species to Australia are kangaroos and koalas.

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There are several layers in the Earth's atmosphere and the closest to the surface of the planet is a layer that has a gas called ozone. Ozone is impossible to see but it keeps UV rays from hitting Earth which are harmful to living things and can cause sunburn, eye disease, and skin cancer. In the 1980's, scientists discovered that the ozone above Antarctica was thinning due to high amounts of a chemical called chloro-fluorocarbons or CFC's in the atmosphere. Australia is very close to Antarctica and even though this ozone hole is shrinking due to the decline in usage of things with CFC's, the hole is creating lots of health problems for people in Australia. People get sunburn a lot easier here which has led to an increase in skin cancer. Now Australia has the 'Slip, Slop, Slap' slogan created to advise people to slip on a shirt, slop on some sunscreen, and slap on a hat when they go outside in the sun to prevent the risk of sunburn which can cause skin cancer.

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Bolded words in the tiles are on here.

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Why Are The Seasons Flipped In Australia?

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Why Are The Seasons Flipped In Australia?

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You may want to put on subtitles, the guy has a strong accent.

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Why is it summer in Australia during Christmas in December ?!

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(Australian Flag which has British flag in top right corner)