# data[].attributes.body
1)Worldwide organisations are helping to plant new trees in places where deforestation has taken place.
2)It has replanted many parts of the Amazon.
3)Much money and workers are needed.

# data[].attributes.body
1) The government designates large areas of land as national parks or indigenous lands to protect them from intensive logging and agriculture.
2) The environment ministry rangers used satellite monitoring to track down and prevent forest clearing, they confiscate equipment, levy fines and cut access to funds.

# data[].attributes.body
1)The rate of the deforestation decreased. The organisations used a lot of method like using helicopters to protect the forested area.

2)Some forested area was protected as the rate of deforestation slowed by more than 75 percent.

3) It is still not fast enough as sometimes when they realised, that area of tree was been logged already.

4) In the video it mentioned that the rate of deforestation slowed and in the video, it also showed that the trees had been logged when they arrived that area.

# data[].attributes.body
1)      The government confiscate equipment, levy fines and cut access to bank loans and business markets.

2)      These strategies reduced carbon emissions from deforestation by 56%.

3)      It is a wild frontier and money and land are at stake, thus, they needed to be armed.

4)      The director for deforestation combat policies stated that they combined the monetary system and the control system, to work together closely to tackle the deforestation in Brazil.

# data[].attributes.body
1)Government sells out plots of land to logging companies to decrease the number of illegal logging.
2) It decreased the amount of illegal loggers thus saving large parts of the forest being deforested completely.
3)Harmful not only to the trees cut down, but also the trees around them.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Over half of the Brazilian Amazon is now designation as national parks or indigenous lands, so as to effectively protect the area from intensive logging and agriculture.
2) Environment Ministry Rangers move rapidly to the affected areas, confiscate equipment from loggers and cut access to bank loans and business markets.
3) Sometimes, the rangers are not able to reach the affected areas in time and stop them from logging the trees and they are able to get away with what they did.
4)https://howtoconserve.org/

# data[].attributes.body
1)Over half of the Brazilian Amazon is now designation as national parks or indigenous lands, effectively protecting an area larger than Greenland from intensive logging and agriculture.
2)Protected areas have helped to reduce deforestation in Amazon some indigenous lands are protected and the indigenous people' way of life is sustained.
3) In the Amazon, officers responsible for monitoring the protected areas may give in to corruption and allow loggers and miners to illegally enter protected areas.
4)A map of protected areas (light purple) and indigenous lands (dark purple) in the Amazon. Deforested areas are in yellow. By strategically protecting lands along the advancing arc of deforestation, the government was able to maximize the effectiveness of protected areas. Photo credit: Woods Hole Research Center.

# data[].attributes.body
1) More than half of the Brazilian Amazon is now designation as national parks or indigenous lands, to effectively decrease the rate of deforestation by protecting the land. This started in 2003, by a new Brazilian administration that was determined to curb deforestation and illegal logging.
2)This was successful when

the Brazilian Space Agency launched it’s Deter satellite in 2004. DETER monitors changes in forest cover in real time, producing a report of deforestation hot spots for law enforcement every two weeks. Satellite monitoring in Brazil is estimated to have prevented deforestation of 59000 square kilometers of rainforest from 2007 to 2011.
3)One of the challenges faced would be the cost of launching DETER and also that the report would only come in after 2 weeks.

# data[].attributes.body
1)Forest rangers were deployed around the Amazon Forest to control and investigate any illegal loggers using a GPS technology to locate any events.

2) Over half of the Brazilian Amazon is now designation as national parks or indigenous lands, effectively protecting an area larger than Greenland from intensive logging and agriculture.  By strategically protecting lands along the advancing arc of deforestation, the government was able to maximize the effectiveness of protected areas.
3) Illegal loggers still will be able enter the protected areas as the forest is too big for every area to be covered by the rangers. Rangers maybe corrupted by the loggers through bribing and more.
4)    Photo credit: Woods Hole Research Center.

# data[].attributes.body
1) A Brazilian Government begin to auction off timber rights to large tracts of the rain forest. The winning bidders will not have title to the land or the right to exploit resources other than timber, and the government said they would be closely monitored and would pay royalties on their activities.
2) Tensions over land ownership in the Amazon is reduced, rate of deforestation decreases due to the new law which forbid loggers to exploit resources other than timber.
3) Local officials are more vulnerable to the pressures of powerful economic interests and susceptible to corruption,.
A high possibility of greater conflicts over land ownership
4) https://www.nytimes.com/2007/01/14/world/americas/14iht-brazil.4199278.html

# data[].attributes.body
Firstly, I think that reforestation is very important as Reforestation is an effective mitigation strategy to fight global warming. In addition to benefiting the climate, reforestation helps protect important species of animals. Secondly, I think that reforestation have some negative parts such as it needs a lot of money to carry out and to plant a plant needs maybe 50 years to grow into a big tree.

# data[].attributes.body
1)The protection for the areas in the Amazon forest began in 2003, kick started by a new Brazilian administration that was determined to stop deforestation and illegal logging.
2)Over Half of the Brazilian Amazon forest is now desgnated as a national park or indigenous lands.
3)People may ignore this and continue carying out illigal deforestation.
4) A map of protected areas (light purple) and indigenous lands (dark purple) in the Amazon. Deforested areas are in yellow. By strategically protecting lands along the advancing arc of deforestation, the government was able to maximize the effectiveness of protected areas. Photo credit: Woods Hole Research Center.
link:https://howtoconserve.org/2015/09/04/saving-the-amazon/

# data[].attributes.body
1) The World Wide Fund for Nature  (WWF) produces publications which provide current information about the state of the rainforest.
2) This creates awareness of the rich biodiversity in the rainforest and hopefully causes people to be more mindful about the way they use rainforest resources.
3) People will not be knowledgable of this if they are not receiving education

# data[].attributes.body
1)  In selective cutting, some trees are kept to minimize the damage caused by deforestation. Some trees are left undisturbed while those that have commercial values are logged.
2)  Illegal logging has dropped by between 50 and 75% across Cameroon, Indonesia and the Brazilian Amazon over the last decade.
3) If the trees saved were legally logged and sold, this could bring an extra US$6.5bn in additional income to the forest nations.
4)https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/jul/15/illegal-logging-decline

# data[].attributes.body
1)More trees are planted under reforestation.
2) Deforestation is removing trees and it isnt benefiting to us and animals. Reforestation is adding and growing trees, covering up for the damaged or removed trees. Deforestation is harmful to everyone , thus reforestation is one of the ways to prevent further damage and reverse the situations.With more trees, the environment is fresher and animals have more shelters and benefits.   3)However, reforestation takes quite a lot of time and manpower, which may cost alot of money.
4)https://www.arkive.org/reforestation/

# data[].attributes.body
1) The government auctions off areas to logging companies to control the amount of trees logged.
2) There is a decline in illegal loggers.
3) Lesser income generated

# data[].attributes.body
1) deforestation, logging and the burning of the trees are done in this process.
2) it has helped by reduing the carbon emission.
3) by doing this, some of the animals living in the amazon forest may lose their home. secondly, because so much of land is being removed, alot of manpower is needed. lastly, there will be too little trees to take in the carbon dioxide, thus global warming occurs.
4) the brazil government states that operation such as logging and burning of trees have helped reduce the carbon emissions from deforestations by 56%

# data[].attributes.body
1)Forest protection is the preservation or improvement of a forest threatened or affected by natural or man made causes.This forest protection also has a legal status and rather than protection from only people damaging the forests is seen to be broader and include forest pathology too. Thus due to this the different emphases around the world suggest different things for forest protection.
2) The program seeks to improve on past efforts by only permitting landowners that have peacefully occupied land since 2004, do not own other forest properties, and maintain compliance with the Forest Code, which requires 80% of the property to be in forest cover. Brazil’s forest code of 80% forest cover dates from the 1960 s, but access to remote areas and corruption made this law rarely enforced. Today, under the Terra Legal program, if property owners do not conserve sufficient forest cover, they are required to submit environmental compliance plans. If landowners and municipalities fail to meet these criteria, they can risk denial of agricultural credit and product embargoes. The program has registered thousands of possessions, but has only issued title to a small number; in Para, most parcels are registered. Moreover, values of lots sold by government are below market values, likely encouraging land speculation and further forest conversion
3) Poor representation of habitats:
Many habitats are not well represented in the current network of protected areas. For example, less than 4% of the ocean is protected. Freshwater habitats are also poorly represented.
Lack of connectivity between protected areas:
Some species, especially large animals like cats and bears, need large areas of natural habitat in order to feed and find mates. Few protected areas are large enough to support more than a few individuals of these species, and many are isolated from other areas of natural habitat. To address this, corridors must be put in place between protected areas to allow species to move from one protected habitat to another. The linking of protected areas to form networks or systems is very important for the survival of many species; however, such connectivity remains rare.
Lack of funds:
Putting representative protected area networks in place and managing them effectively requires money. However, few countries, including  the richest, have managed to define and establish ways to provide long-term, sustainable financing for individual protected areas, let alone a network. This funding gap is particuilary acute in developing countries and for marine protected areas. There is a clear need to find new and sustainable financial resources to supplement funding for existing protected areas and to support the establishment of new protected areas.
Poor management:
The declaration of a protected area is not an end result: a whole series of conditions must be in place for protected areas to be effective. Effective management is essential to ensure that nature is being conserved within a park's boundaries. Mangement activities include monitoring the health of habitats, ensuring that the rules of the protected area are respected, and working with local people to balance nature protection with their needs and aspirations.
Human activities:
Closely linked with poor management are threats from widespread and either poorly managed or illegal human activites occuring within protected areas in many parts of the world. These include logging, poaching of protected animals, mining, and encroachment by human settlements and agriculture. Human activities outside of protected areas are also often a threat – such as those leading to pollution, climate changes , and the introduction of invasive species.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Satellite monitoring
Satellite can enable the park rangers to see the current condition in the Amazon Rain forest. It helps the park rangers to see if their restrictions had been adhered to. Otherwise, it would be quite hard to monitor the condition. One example given in the video is when the park rangers were looking at the satellite to look out for anything that is happening in the rain forest.
2) Improved Enforcement
Brazil has enforced their forested laws so as to reduce or even prevent illegal activities to take place in the rain forest. They focus their efforts on patrolling the roads leading to the rain forest, so that anyone who dares to break the rule will be able to catch their attention. This increased their efficiency on patrol over such a large area.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Over half of the Brazilian Amazon is now designation as national parks or indigenous lands, effectively protecting an area larger than Greenland from intensive logging and agriculture.
2) This strategy is very successful as the rate of deforestation decreased from 2004 when a whopping 27,400 square kilometers of Amazon rainforest were cleared in a single year to  in 2014 when the rate of deforestation decreased to 4,800 square kilometers of forest cleared per year, roughly one sixth of the peak rate in 2004.
3) One of the challenges is that there are not enough forest rangers to patrol the huge areas of the Amazon rainforests. This led to families illegally settling in the protected areas.

# data[].attributes.body
1. Protection of forested areas refer to the setting of laws to protect an area from unfavourable activities. Such activities can endanger the biodiversity and natural resources found in that area. Indigenous and traditional resources found in that area are also preserved. Logging and agricultural practices are also banned in these areas through laws or other measures.

2. This strategy is very successful as it has managed to curb deforestation and allowed deforestation rates to decreased, from 2004 being 274000 square kilometers per year to just 4800 square kilometers per year

3. However, there are some problems when it comes to implementing this strategy in the Amazon rainforest. These problems include

Protected areas are not fenced and the forest might still be vulnerable to human impact

Officers responsible for monitoring protected areas might give in to corruption and allow illegal miners and loggers to enter the protected area illegally

There is a shortage of manpower and there would be a lack of forest rangers that patrol the amazon rainforest.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Worldwide organisations are replanting trees in places where deforestation has taken place in an effort to reforest the land. Industrialized countries with high carbon emissions pay for carbon storage by preserving forests in developing countries.
2) Brazil was paid only after measurable decreases in deforestation had been observed, a process known as a pay for performance program. Such a program sends a powerful message to developing countries that the international community values forests and will help foot the bill for protecting them against deforestation.Many parts of the Amazon would be reforested and returned to its original state
3)Alot of manpower, resources and time will be required to accomplish such a feat.

# data[].attributes.body
1) In places where forests have been lost or degraded, restoration or reforestation projects may be undertaken in order to guarantee or accelerate the recovery of forests.
2) Large scale reforestation programs are being implemented across many tropical developing countries. Many trees are replanted in Amazon. With more trees, the environment is fresher.
3) Reforestation costs a lot, and uses a lot of manpower, time and resources.
4) Deforestation is happening very quickly and reforestation is implemented.

# data[].attributes.body
1) Various conservation groups campaign against deforestation in the Amazon by rising public awareness. The World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF) provides current information about the state of the rainforest. Ecotourism is also another way the has been done to educate people from all around the world about the rainforest. MT Amazon Expeditions organises trips to parts of the Amazon rainforest in Peru where people gets to explore and understand the forest.
2) This method changes people's attitudes and practices towards the rainforest. People are also told of the importance of rainforests and ways to contribute to conserving rainforests. This creates awareness of the rich biodiversity in the rainforest and causes people to be more mindful about the way they use rainforest resources. It also helps them to understand the lifestyle of the people and how the forest provides for them. This is will lead to the decreased demand for rainforest products and hence stops rapid deforestation.
3) Turning environmental awareness into personal behaviour and action is difficult. Some countries with low literacy rates will be difficult to raise awareness. Many countries around the Amazon rainforest relies too much on the rainforest. Without these rainforests, those countries will lose their income.
4)https://kids.mongabay.com/elementary/602.html

# data[].attributes.body
1

# data[].attributes.body
1)An breathtaking audacious project by CI,the Brazilian Ministry of Environment,the Global Environment Facility,the World Bank,the Brazilian BioDiversity Fund and Rock in Rio,seeks to kickstart the revival of the world’s most extensive rainforest by planting tens of millions of new trees.The multimillion project aims to restore 73 million trees,spanning over 30 million hectares of land.This project kicked off in 2017 and aims to finish it by 2023.
2)To manage deforestation,Brazil’s Space Agency launched it’s DETER satelite in 2004.DETER monitors changes in the forest,producing a report of deforestation hotspots every fortnight for law enforcements.By doing so,it had successfully prevented over 57,000 kilometres of deforestation.
3)Satelite monitoring is supposingly accurate and reliable but in recent years,the reliability of this system has been put into doubt and the uncertainties are poorly constrained.

# data[].attributes.body
1)      The careful management of forests that are being logged. Controlled logging allows logging only in certain areas and in a sustainable manner. The Brazilian government auctions off large area of forests to logging companies to restrict the area of logging.

2)      Controlled logging has led to a decrease in deforestation in the Amazon and also a decrease in the number of illegal loggers.

3)      The areas designated for controlled logging in the amazon still face threats from illegal loggers as the rainforest covers a large area so it’s hard to track illegal loggers. Identifying and logging selected trees is time-cosuming and difficult to implement.

4)      In the video ‘Brazil Uncovered: The truth about deforestation’ it was stated that one of the loggers works with environmental groups and universities to make sure the trees he cut down are done legally.

# data[].attributes.body
1 ) The government protects parts of the Amazon forest and turning some into national parks or indigenous lands . The government also enforces laws and have

Monitored the land using a satellite, having people on the ground to stop illegal loggers .
2) There was a decrease in the rate of deforestation from the sharp spike of 2004 of around 25,000 sq km of deforested land to 2014 of around 5000 sq km.

3) It might be hard for loggers , because of the high demand , but through enforcing laws and persuasion, most loggers have controlled their rate of logging and using not overlogging  , resulting in extinction. The government also does its part in ensuring the logging to be done legally.

# data[].attributes.body
1)      By designating Indigenous land and rainforest as National Parks plays a part in the public education to raise awareness of deforestation. When the public visit the national parks, they will learn about the conservation effort and be more aware of the alarming rate of deforestation.

2)      This can be seen from the social movement, The Zero Deforestation Movement. This movement is largely credited to the Brazilian people, which shows that public education in Brazil is successful.

3)      It is hard to change the mindset and living habits of people

4)      https://www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/solutions/stop-deforestation/brazils-reduction-deforestation.html#.W2U_u9Uzbcc