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1. When a male chases a receptive female, he will press his legs onto her back trying to force her to adopt the position.
2. The male indicates his readiness by making a sound and starting to warble.

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"Principles and Applications of Domestic Animal Behavior"
http://www.ableoaks.com/books/reproduction.html
Why Alpaca Exhibit Courting Behaviors
https://www.alpacaconsultingusa.com/library/AA_AlpacaBehaviour.pdf
Alpaca History
http://www.bonnydoonalpacas.org/factshx.html
Breeding and Reproduction
https://www.thealpacaplace.co.nz/articles/breeding-and-reproduction/mating-pregnancy/

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1. Male alpacas reach sexual maturity at about 2.5 years of age.
2. Females are first bred at 16-20 months of age.
3. Alpaca do not have a heat (estrus) cycle and can be bred any time of the year.
4. An average gestation of 335 days produces a single baby (cria) which is usually delivered from a standing position during daylight hours (thus enabling the crias to dry in the warm sun).
5. Twinning is extremely rare and rarely compatible with life (1/1000).
6. When the female gives birth, she is generally receptive to breeding again after 2 weeks.

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Fortunately, most alpacas breed readily and do not have reproductive concerns.
1. Remember it takes two to tango.
2. Make sure the participants are healthy.
3. Don't blame her; it could be his fault. (severe/prolonged heat, injury to the testicles, Penis sheath, penis damaged by fighting, and bouts with disease.)
4. Don't blame him; it could be her fault. (physical or behavioral immaturity, insufficient hormonal response, and an incomplete reproductive tract.)
5. Learn to meet the needs of young or aberrant animals.
6. Avoid breeding females too young.
7. Create the optimum breeding environment.

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Female Sexual Receptivity and Mating Behaviors

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Female Sexual Receptivity and Mating Behaviors

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1. When a female is receptive and the male is in courtship mode she quickly sits down, exhibits passive behavior.
2. When the female is non-receptive, she will reject the male, spitting or threatening to spit, orientating and elevating her head towards the male, with ears held back, kicking and vocalising or emitting a loud, high-pitched squeal and attmpting to escape.
3. The first sign that a female is pregnant is when she "spits off" the male to reject him.

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As we can see in the video, occasionally it is necessary to assist male manually to achieve intromission with receptive female while mating for successful reproduction.

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The male purses the receptive female, attempting to mount her until she sits in 'cush' position. A male with good libido may chase a female for up to ten minutes. Once the female sits down, the male positions himself immediately behind her, manoeuvres his penis through her vulva into the vagina and cervix. With rhythmic thrusting movements semen is then deposited into the uterus of the female. If the male is properly positioned his back is characteristically arched with his pelvis close to the pelvis of the female.

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1. When females are ready and eager to breed, they will flirt with males on the other side of the fence by parading before them with uplifted tail, or even cushing down beside males.
2. The male indicates his readiness by making a "clucking" sound and starting to "warble".
3. The first sign that a female is pregnant is when she "spits off" the male to reject him.

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1.Alpaca is known as Camelid animal.
2. It is believed that about 6,000 years ago alpacas were created through selective breeding which was heavily influenced by the vicuna. There are similarities in size, fiber and dentition between them.
3. There are currently 3.5 million alpacas all over the world especially in Peru.

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Males is South American herds have been known as copulate as many as 30 times per day for lengths of time ranging from 3 to 50 minutes. However, by the end of the week the same males may only copulate a couple of times daily, or not at all, despite the presence of open females. Physical exhaustion caused by excessive breeding and the demands of protecting turf and females from rival males can result in a decreased ability to breed.

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3 males to 100 females or 8 males to 200 females
(One male successfully impregrnated 15 females in a two-year period. Result may be influenced by potency, dominance or other variables. In large herds in which the males commingle, male performance and reproductive focus can be hindered because domination struggles interfere with breeding.