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The British Board of Film Classification is an independent, non-government body, which classifies movies, videos and computer games. Classifications range between 'U' suitable for audiences aged 4 and over and '18' meaning suitable only for adults.

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McDonald’s made a TV ad featuring a boy and his mother talking about his dead father. From the conversation, the boy became visibly upset as he found few similarities between him and the father that his mother described. Ultimately, he found comfort when she told him that both he and his father loved McDonald’s Filet-O-Fish burger. The ad attracted criticism that it was trivialising grief, was likely to cause distress to those who have experienced a close family death and was distasteful to compare an emotive theme to a fast food promotion. The fast food chain issued an apology and pulled the ads.

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The Advertising Standards Authority is a self-regulatory organisation of the advertising industry in the United Kingdom. The ASA is a non-statutory organisation and so cannot interpret or enforce legislation.

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Media ethics helps to  promote and defend values such as a universal respect for life and the rule of law and legality. Ethics are important in media as it helps to create guidelines for media outlets of them being journalists they have to follow that help people from feeling unequal or outcasted. They're also important in making sure that media stays true and further helps journalists maintain a sense of equality

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D5 – You have prepared personal career development material to a quality that reflects near-professional standards.

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M4 – You have successfully explained employment opportunities and job roles in the media sector with reference to illustrative examples.

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D3 - You have comprehensively explained the regulatory issues affecting the media sector with reference to elucidated examples.

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M3 – You have explained the regulatory issues affecting the media sector with reference to illustrative examples.

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D1 – You have comprehensively explained the structure and ownership of the media sector with elucidated examples.

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After the Joanna Yeates case was solved, the police apologised to Christopher Jefferies for the arrest and questing that he had and also for how the media had destroyed his image. After the case was solved Christopher Jeffereies won a libel payout because how the media had made him out in the press and how they made him the villain.

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https://youtu.be/TsqEnsHtf30

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In December 2010, Christopher Jefferies was arrested for the murder of Jo Yeates and with this he was vilified by the press. He was vilified because of the strange look he has and his different dressing style. His character traduced by an insinuating barrage of libel in the press that was yet to see its ferocity curbed, there was an unspoken supposition that lay beneath it all and that was that he looked the part of a killer. The press used to follow him everywhere he went. He never got a moment of peace from the press because the story was selling and Christopher had the face to match the killer look and strange look. The pressed ripped his status to bits as he couldn't go anywhere because of the press this then played over to the police and he was arrested but a big part of his arrest was because the press and the police had an easy choice and way out to arrest Christopher.

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The Joanna Yeates case began with as a missing-person inquiry, made more poignant and newsworthy because the young woman had disappeared during the festive period. After this Joanna Yeates's body was found on a snowy roadside close to christmas morning. He body was frozen from the snow. After her body was found it became a huge murder hunt and a story that would then grip the UK and the media. The solution to the mystery was then made up by the media as it would be Joanna Yeates neighbour who was the Dutch-born Vincent Tabak. The case then went on for a while with Vincent saying close to nothing and then on the last day when he was in the witness box he told his version of the events. He claimed that Joanna invited him into her flat and then made flirty remarks to him. With this being done Vincent tried to kiss her. Joanna screamed and for Vincent to stop her he gripped her throat with his right hand and put his left hand over her mouth. 20 Seconds after this she fell to the ground. After hearing this the court suggested that Vincent might have been spying on Joanna and may have took any exvuse to knock on her door and come into her flat. They also suggested that he enjoyed having his hand around her throat as it meant that he had power over her. After this more investigating went on with the police asking Vincent to give a detailed description on what went on that night in Joannas flat. Vincent then never fully told his real side of the story and private detectives believe he can remember the night perfectly there was also DNA samples and possible links to Yeates body. In the end the death of Joanna Yeates and the continuing agony her family must suffer partly because so much remains unclear is down to Vincent Tabak.

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In the image below you can see how the man is represented on the front cover. First of all he is shirtless this is to show the audience his body and the physique that he is in. He has a six pack so therefore showing this will increase the woman who buy the magazine. His skin is also tanned to show that the male has the perfect look. All this helps to show that the male looks and has power. The shirtless also adds to the sexual attractiveness. This shows that men are represented in a strong and powerful way in the media.

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In the image below we see how a woman is also represented in the media. To start with the woman has make up on and also has had her hair done this is done to show beauty. She also has less clothes on. But not in the same way as the male as for the woman it is used to show sexual attractiveness therefore more people will buy this magazine. Men are shown as powerful were as woman are shown to focus more on beauty and appearance in the media.

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In the image below we have to GQ magazine front covers one has a male and the other has a female. Both covers and hugely different. To begin with the male cover. We see the male wearing smart clothes with a suit and bowtie and he is also wearing glasses to add to the sirvisticated look. He is showing no facial expressions. Overall the magazine shows the male as a smart man who is wearing smart clothes. This helps to show the male as being in Power and also independence. On the other cover we see the woman who is wearing no clothes and also has make up on with lipstick as well this is to show beauty to the audience. With the woman having no clothes on it is to show the audience the sexual attractiveness and this image would make people buy the magazine as she has no clothes on. Her emotion is different to the males as she has a sexy look with her mouth being opened a little which is different to the male who has a blank expression.

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Representations of men and women in newspapers

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Representations of men and women in newspapers

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Male Representations in the Media:
- Have a great body image and physique
-To show off physical Strength
-Sexual attreactiveness
-Power and independence

Woman Representations in the Media:
- To show beauty
- To have the perfect size/physique
- To show emotion
- To show sexual attreactiveness
- Will have half to close no clothes on

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Robin Williams – Robin Williams case was unusual to other cases. He sued his celebrity look-alike with the help of an agent, was masquerading as the actor. They were accused of duping the public, the media and charities causing damage to the Mrs Doubtfire star's reputation. The star lookalike avoided having to pay any damages and was banned from imitating Williams "without expressly informing the defendant’s actual and potential audiences that he is not the real Robin Williams."

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David Beckham – The famous footballer tried to sue a US magazine for claims that he had had an affair with on his wife with Irma Nici, 26, who is a former prostitute. In the court papers, Beckham said he had been visiting his sick father in England at the time of the alleged affair. David, however, was unable to win the court ruling and his $25 million claim was dismissed by a US federal judge.

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A Libel Law is were the media can damage the reputation of a person.
If the comments are not true this can been seen as a slanderous and the person who is the victim can be effected by these comments from the public.

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A TV show could sue another company for copy right if the other company has stolen the ideas of the Tv show or if they have stolen music from the show could be from the intro song to the outro song. An example of this is TV Companies suing the company Youtube because people put there songs and also scenes from the show on youtube therefore they are copying the show and stealing the audience from this show.

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TV Shows should have its own level of originality so that it keeps people interested. This works as when a show has originality it has its own style and design therefore there will not be many shows like this, therefore people will watch the show. An example of a show that has it owns originality is Doctor Who the show started in November 1963. The show changes there lead role every couple of years. But there change there lead actor but down change other things like the Tardis and the way the episodes are structure and the usually enemies we see in the show. The show changes it lead role to keep the audience more interested and to therefore get a larger audience, as this is a one of a kind show.

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The Intellectual property is an act that can be protected under federal and the state law. This includes the copyrightable works, ideas, discoveries and also inventions.
The term of the intellectual property relates to intangible property such aa patents trademarks, copyrights and also the trade secrets.

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The copyright law is a law that will protect the people from getting their ideas copied or ripped off.

Things that could get copied:
-Ideas
-Footage
-Pictures
-Song Lyrics

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It is important for the BBC and other media companies to represent different nations, regions and communities to the UK because it must provide a range of outputs to meet the different needs of the nations, regions and also the communities. It is important so the public don't think that the media companies are racist to the different nations and also clearly show the different regions to show that the media companies don't believe in one religion and that they don't enforce this one religion. The BBC Trust states on its website: "BBC viewers, listeners and users can rely on the BBC to reflect the many communities that exist in the UK. These communities may be based on geography, on faith, on language, or on a shared interest such as sport. The BBC will stimulate debate within and between the communities of the UK, and encourage people to get involved with their local communities." This quote shows how the BBC will show this things equally.

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The Race Relations Act 1976 was established by the UK Parliament of the UK this was to prevent discrimination on the grounds of race. The Act was then repealed by the Equality Act 2010, which supersedes and consolidated previous discrimination law in the UK.

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http://www.metroloveradio.com/

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https://www.ukrawradio.com/
UK Raw Radio is a late-night studio show. The radio show was had concerning real people and their fetishes, subjects include a naked magician, a bondage nightclub and a man who has invented a flatulence gauge.

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Radio Caroline is a British radio station founded in 1964 by Ronan O'Rahilly

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A Private radio stations is a radio station that broadcasts with a valid license. In some cases radio stations are considered legal on where the signal is being transmitted, but illegal where the signals are received. This is especially when the signals cross a national boundary. In some other cases a radio may be called a private radio station due to the nature of its content and its transmission format.

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The broadcasting act 1990 was passed by the UK parliament this was passed to create a legal framework on the electronic communication. This act contains a provision on the regulation of independent television, sound programme and other services provided by TV and also the radio frequencies.

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In the article below it tells us how Fox broke the rules with its coverage over the Manchester Bombing last year and also the deal that they had with sky.

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Ofcom said it was publishing the rulings despite Fox News no longer being broadcast in the UK “to ensure there is a complete compliance record and to facilitate public understanding of the code”.

The regulator has the power to fine broadcasters depending on how severely they breach the code. However, because Fox News no longer holds a broadcasting licence it cannot be considered for a fine.

An episode of Tucker Carlson Tonight on 25 May, days after the Manchester terrorist attack, accused the British government and authorities of failing to counter terrorism, stop radicalisation and protect “thousands of underage girls” from rape and abuse.

It included claims that authorities failed to act because of political correctness and because they valued how people saw them over the lives of children. They were accused of forcing an “official lie” on citizens that was “totalitarian” and “wicked”.

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In the article above it tells us that Fox News has broken the Ofcom broadcasting rules and also how they broke these rules.

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The media regulator Ofcom has ruled that the Fox News programmes Hannity and Tucker Carlson Tonight breached impartiality rules covering British broadcasting.

The rulings relate to coverage of the Manchester Arena bombing in May and Donald Trump's executive order in January that restricted travel to the US from seven majority-Muslim countries.

Investors interpreted the rulings as a setback for the Murdoch family's hopes of taking full control of Sky, sending shares in the satellite broadcaster down 1.7% on Monday.

21st Century Fox, which is controlled by the Murdochs and owns Fox News, is trying to buy the 61% of Sky that it does not own in an £11.7bn deal. The deal is being investigated by the Competition and Markets Authority on the grounds of media plurality and commitment to broadcasting standards.

Sky pulled Fox News from its platform in Britain in August. It said the move was for commercial reasons as the channel was attracting only a small audience.

Ofcom said it was publishing the rulings despite Fox News no longer being broadcast in the UK "to ensure there is a complete compliance record and to facilitate public understanding of the code".

The regulator has the power to fine broadcasters depending on how severely they breach the code. However, because Fox News no longer holds a broadcasting licence it cannot be considered for a fine.

An episode of Tucker Carlson Tonight on 25 May, days after the Manchester terrorist attack, accused the British government and authorities of failing to counter terrorism, stop radicalisation and protect "thousands of underage girls" from rape and abuse.

It included claims that authorities failed to act because of political correctness and because they valued how people saw them over the lives of children. They were accused of forcing an "official lie" on citizens that was "totalitarian" and "wicked".

Ofcom's ruling concluded there was "no reflection of the views of the UK government or any of the authorities or people criticised" and the presenter "did not challenge the views of his contributors; instead, he reinforced their views."

Ofcom found the programme breached rules 5.9, 5.11 and 5.12 of the British broadcasting code. These relate to adequate representation of alternative views on discussions programmes, due impartiality on matters of major political or industrial controversy, and including a wide range of significant views when dealing with major political or industrial controversy.

The programme included criticism of Theresa May, Beverley Hughes, the deputy mayor of Manchester, and Ian Hopkins, the chief constable of Greater Manchester police, as well as the government and authorities in general.

The watchdog said of the programme: "Ofcom considered that viewers were likely to have expected the programme to comment critically on various political targets, which in this case included the UK government and UK authorities more generally. However, we considered that these contextual factors were not sufficient to remove the need for the programme to also reflect significant alternative viewpoints, and treat these with due weight."

The ruling on Hannity, which is presented by Sean Hannity, related to coverage of Trump's travel ban and also found a breach of rules 5.9, 5.11 and 5.12.

Ofcom said a programme on 31 January included video clips of public figures reacting critically to Trump's travel ban in an opening monologue. However, it said these views were only "briefly represented" and were "repeatedly dismissed or ridiculed by the presenter without sufficient opportunity for the contributors to challenge or otherwise respond to the criticism directed at them".

The presenter then interviewed various guests who were "prominent supporters" of the Trump administration and "highly critical" of those who did not support the order, Ofcom said. The presenter also voiced his "enthusiastic support" for the order and for Trump.

Ofcom concluded its ruling by saying: "Ofcom acknowledged that viewers were likely to expect Hannity to address controversial issues from a perspective that is generally more supportive of the US Republican party. However, the likely audience expectations did not provide sufficient contextual justification to outweigh the numerous highly critical statements made about people who had opposed the order, coupled with the clear support being expressed for the policies of President Trump."

Ofcom made its rulings despite recognising that Fox News is directed at US audiences and that therefore those watching in the UK had different expectations. It said these episodes of Hannity and Tucker Carlson Tonight related to matters of "international significance" that were of "particular relevance and significance" to UK viewers.

Ofcom's latest update also reveals that it cleared Fox News over a series of Fox & Friends episodes in July and August.

Fox declined to comment.
Topics

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Fox News shows broke UK TV impartiality rules, Ofcom finds

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The media regulator Ofcom has ruled that the Fox News programmes Hannity and Tucker Carlson Tonight breached impartiality rules covering British broadcasting. The rulings relate to coverage of the Manchester Arena bombing in May and Donald Trump's executive order in January that restricted travel to the US from seven majority-Muslim countries.

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Section Ten: Commercial Communications on Radio

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Section Ten: Commercial Communications on Radio

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This section relates to radio broadcast only and is to ensure the transparency of commercial communications

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Section Nine: Commercial references on TV

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Section Nine: Commercial references on TV

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This section relates to the broadcasters editorial independence and control over the programming with the distinction between the editorial content and also the advertising.

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This section of the Ofcom is to ensure that the broadcasters avoid using or showing unwarranted infringement of privacy in the programme.

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This section is to ensure that the broadcasters avoid unjust or unfair treatment of individuals that are on the programme.

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This section will cover the special impartiality requirements and other legislation that must be applied at the time of the elections and also the referendums.

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Section Five: Due impartiality and due accuracy 

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Section Five: Due impartiality and due accuracy 

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Ofcom must ensure that the news, in whatever form is reported with due accuracy and presented with due impartiality. They must also ensure that the special impartiality requirements are met in the Act.

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This section relates to the responsibility of the broadcasters and that they must show respect to religious with the content that it shows.

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Section Three: Crime, disorder, hatred and abuse

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Section Three: Crime, disorder, hatred and abuse

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This section covers the material that is likely to show crime or disorder. Reflecting Ofcoms's duty to prohibit the broadcast of this type of programming.

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This section outlines the standards of the broadcast content so to provide adequate protection for the public from harmful or offensive content.

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Section One: Protecting the under-eighteens 

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Section One: Protecting the under-eighteens 

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Ofcom must makes sure that the scheduling and contend information in programmes with under eighteens are protected by the television show.

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Ofcom is the communications regulator that is located in the UK. OFCOM regulate the radio,TV and video-on-demand sectors. They also regulate the fixed line telecoms this comes under phones. Mobile and the postal services, plus the airwaves in which wireless devices operate in. This what OFCOM are.

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They own a company that can make the films for them this being 20th Century Fox. This is how News Corp can distribute films using 20th Century Fox. They own Fox Studio, This is were the films will be shot. After this they go to 20th Century Fox to distribute the film. They also own a number of exhibition companies. By doing this News Corp can save more money and don't have to spend as much. They won't have to pay for a studio to film this is were they can save money.

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Example of Vertical Integration Companies 

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Example of Vertical Integration Companies 

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This is were the film or TV Programme is created. This is the same with the TV Channel and Cinema

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This is when the company makes the deals with exhibition companies. This helps a media company get their product to the intended audience this being the cinema and DVD

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This is the creation of a TV Programme. It involves the making of the product. This could also mean the filming.

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Vertical Integration is when all of the layers of a company this being the production, distribution and exhibition is owned by the same company.

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Everyone then comes together in this film with Marvel Introducing new characters.

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This was successful as The Avengers pulled in over £1.5bn at the box office and became the third highest grossing film of all time. It also helped to introduced the Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D., which Marvel would then spin off into a successful television series, further building on their cross-media marketing success.

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For an example what Marvel did with The Avengers. Marvel spent years building up a fan bases for individual Marvel superheroes like Iron Man, Thor and The Incredible Hulk through character focused films and comics. While each of these thing was wildly popular with the fans. They were all leading up to the eventual launch of the Avengers in 2012. The Avengers introduced major characters from previous Marvel entities into one film, essentially tying all of the marketing from previous efforts into one cross-media marketing campaign.

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With what I have said about Marvel and Disney. Marvel in the entertainment world is the best at cross marketing. In traditional entertainment, a character will just typically lives in one specific universe, rarely crossing over with other characters or channels. But Marvel has completely disregarded that idea because they want to build a deep interconnected universe across multiple platforms including television, film, digital.  Having their characters interconnected across multiple platforms not only keeps their fans engaged at every marketing touchpoint, it also drives fans of one aspect of the universe to engage in other aspects of the Marvel universe.

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Star Wars was bought by Disney for £2.5bn in 2012. With it taking over the toys line and the TV shows and the Star Wars Films. Also the rest of the media and products.

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Disney bought Marvel for £4bn in 2009 and with this Disney had control of all the Marvel products and also media. It also had control of the Marvel films which is massive with different films and characters.

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In this advert for the film Spider Man Homecoming which was developed by Marvel which is owned by Disney. The advert shows the main actor with his best friend talking about building a Death Star which is a main part of Star Wars which is also owned by Disney. This is good for disney as they are advertising star wars toys in the spider man film. Therefore going to a different audience to Star Wars and also to get more money.

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Ned "We'll Buid My  New LEGO Death Star" - Spider Man: Homecoming (2017) Movie Clip

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In this clip we see a scene from the film Captain America Civil War. Were we see spider man fighting Ant-Man who is massive in the scene. When he is fighting Ant-Man he is making referent to the film Star Wars with the quote about "The old film" and a scene that happened in the Star Wars film. This can only be done because of the cross media and because Disney owns both companies so therefore they can make these quotes.

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Captain America: Civil War (HD, 2016). Empire Strikes Back

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Disney is one of the biggest companies in the world now and also one of the richest. With it buying some of the biggest companies and the two I am going to talk about is Marvel and Star Wars

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An advantage of of cross-media is the synergy. Synergy means the self advertisement. An big example of this is the Karang Magazine that is are part of the Bauer Media, they could use the Karang TV channel to advertise the magazines and other parts of media and products. This is very useful as you can set your brand to a bigger audience and it is easy to do and also cheaper to advertise. Another advantage of this that you would receive a wider distribution.

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Cross Media is when one part of media goes into another area of media. This could be with promotional companies are surpassing the traditional advertisement techniques and then decide to include extra appeals to the products they are offering.

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The Playstation 3 Was released on the 11th November 2006 while the Xbox 360 was released on the 22nd November 2005. So as soon as the Playstation 3 was released it already had to catch up to the xbox 360 with sales and also the games that needed to be released at that time. In 2018 both consoles have been replaced by a better console. But overall the Playstation 3 sold up to 80 Million Units. On the other hand the Xbox 360 sold over 84 Million. So overall the playstation 3 almost caught up to the xbox 360 with there being 4 million units between them. But 4 million is still a lot of units between and also the money that would of been lost out.

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The Playstation 4 is the newest console to be released by Sony. At this moment in time it has sold over 50 Million units which is almost as much as the playstation 3 sold. The Xbox One on the other hand is Xbox's newest console that has seen 30 million units sold. This shows that the Playstation has learnt from its mistakes from the playstation 3 with releasing the console to late and making it more expensive than the xbox 360. The playstation 4 was released first and was also cheaper than the xbox one. Xbox One also made changes to the console with it focusing on gaming but also television with it letting you watch TV through the Xbox and the Xbox brand wanted to focus on this when it was advertising its console at E3. Playstation saw the negative reaction that this got from the public so they focused on the gaming side saying that you can watch TV through the PS4 but then focused more on the gaming side and advertised the Playstation as the best and powerful gaming device. This is why people bought the Playstation more as people wanted a gaming console not a console that focused more on watching TV.

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Playstation is a gaming console with it having 4 different generations that has been released with the latest being Playstation 4. The Playstation 4 is branded as the most powerful console which has the best games and also exclusive games. There aren't that many other consoles out at the moment that has the same power and excitement of games as the playstation 4. The Nintendo Switch was recently released by Nintendo but it doesn't have the same power as the playstation 4 not making it a threat or rival to the console. The only console that has been released that is a direct rival and the only console that can challenge the playstation 4 with the games that it releases, is the Xbox One. The Xbox and Playstation has always been a rival with each bother releasing new consoles at the same time and year.

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When this was announced it was also added that Virgin Media got a 30% rise in operating profit to £699.1m then 2012. Also with the deal it added a record 88,700 new customers to its cable business during the year.

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The terms that was agreed seen the Virgin Media shareholders receive £17.50 in cash. 0.2582 Liberty Global Series A shares and 0.1928 Liberty Global Series C shares for each Virgin Media share that they hold. This implies that a price of £17.50 per Virgin Media share - a 24% premium to Virgin Media's closing price on the 4th February and it gives the company an equity value of about £11.43bn.

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In 2013 John Malone's cable group, Liberty Global bought Virgin Media for £15bn. The deal created was the world's largest broadband company, with 25 million customers in 14 countries. In the UK the deal was the second biggest payed-TV business after BSkyB.

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Liberty Global’s takeover of Virgin Media

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Liberty Global’s takeover of Virgin Media