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Case that introduced segregation under the doctrine "Separate but equal." The case was about a mixed race man who had one African-American grandfather and was required to sit in the colored section but refused so was arrested.

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An enslaved African-American who sued for his freedom, of which he did not receive. Unfortunately, he lost the case.

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Former president who led the country during the civil war and helped free slaves in the southern slaves.

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The "moses of her people." A former conductor of the underground railroad and helped make freedom possible for numerous slaves.

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Supreme Court Judge who introduced the idea of Judicial Review in the case Marbury v. Madison he presided over.

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Author of the Federalist Papers and helped ratify the Constitution.

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From U.S President who helped create the Declaration of Independence and bought the Louisiana Territory.

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Intelectual from the Enlightenment who introduced the idea of natural rights that helped inspire the colonies to break away from England and the Constitution.

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First man to dream of a colonies where Catholics and Protestants could prosper.

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Racist stereotype of an African-American developed by an act by Thomas Rice who performed a character using blackface. The character's personality was centered around African-American stereotypes. Eventually, it became nationally accepted to use Jim Crow to reference African-Americans. Ultimately, Jim Crow is the term to denote the Jim Crow laws that introduced the idea of segregation.

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Taxes imposed on people in order to vote aimed against African-Americans to prevent them from voting (most could not afford).

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Organization formed by President Abraham Lincoln to help freed slaves find jobs, temporary housing, food, and clothing.

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Amendement making it unconstitutional or illegal to prevent any African-American from voting.

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Amendment giving citizenship to all freed slaves.

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Amendment making all slavery illegal nationally.

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Time after the civil war that describes the changes within the Southern states. The era of segregation and attempt to disenfranchise all African-Americans.

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Declaration by President Abraham Lincoln stating that all slaves were to be free within the rebellious states (southern states that attempted to secede).

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The act or belief of wanting to eradicate an idea, person, thing, etc. Fueled the Abolitionist Movement that yearned to abolish slavery.

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Protestant religious movement that resulted in a religious shift and large amounts of individuals following the Baptist and Methodist Churches.

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The American belief that it was any Americans' right to seek and claim land in the west.

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Members of the religion of Mormonism founded by Joseph Smith Jr. which is centered in Salt Lake City, Utah.

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A phrase used to disguise the brutal Indian removal policy by President Andrew Jackson where the Cherokee nation was forced to relocate to Oklahoma.

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A declaration by President James Monroe making it clear to foreign governments that American would not tolerate any attempts of interfering or annexation attempts within the U.S territory.

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The acquiring of the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon by President Thomas Jefferson of which was a national debate because no where in the constitution was it necessarily unconstitutional for the President to acquire land. However, many were appalled by the situation.

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An action where the U.S Supreme Court deems an act constitutional or unconstitutional.

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Clause within the first amendment establishing that it's unconstitutional and illegal for any body of government to establish a local, state, or national religion

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Clause within the first amendment establishing that it's unconstitutional and illegal for any body of government to prevent anyone from identifying with a religion.

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The first ten amendments within the Constitution reiterated for American citizens to feel confidence knowing their rights.

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Essentially, the distribution of power within the U.S Government between the states and the national government.

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Movement that strongly opposed a strong national government and majority of the powers to be in the hands of the states.

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A political party that favored a strong national government and economic growth.

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Disagreements arose between those who believed their states wouldn't have equal representation due to larger or smaller population. Ultimately resulted in the House of Representatives (representatives based off of population) and Senate (2 representatives for each state).

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America's very first attempt at governing. It placed entirely too much power into the states' hands making the federal government very weak.

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An idea by John Locke essentially stating that all humans have inalienable rights to life, liberty, and property. These inspired the inalienable rights within the Constitution.

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A letter written by Thomas Jefferson to King George III on behalf of the thirteen colonies declaring their independence and desire to break away and begin anew.

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A political uproar started by the thirteen colonies to reject British monarchy and eventually break away..

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A secret organization formed from members of the thirteen colonies who banded together in an attempt to fight back against the new taxes being imposed by King George III.

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Also known as the Seven Years War was a war between the French and Native Americans on one side and the British and the colonies on the other. The British won but ended up in financial debt of which they attempted to heavily tax the colonies to reclaim themselves.

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The split of government into three branches: legislative, judicial, and executive which are the three bodies of within the American government.

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The Enlightenment was essentially an intellectual movement within Europe that inspired many principles America was built on.