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Marie Curie (1867/11/07 – 1934/07/04) Polish-French Physics and Chemistry

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Marie Curie (1867/11/07 – 1934/07/04) Polish-French Physics and Chemistry

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by Tomás Calamardo, Oral Skills B2.2
Marie Curie, also know as The Mother of Modern Phisycs.

Marie Courie was born on November 7, 1867 in Warsaw, Poland and her parents were math and physics teachers, I think that´s she would study the same J.

When She was ten year old. she studied in a school for girls and she gaduated with a gold medal, she was a bright brillant.

At just 15 years old, she can´t study in the University of Warsaw, because this institution didn´t admit women. As a resource, Marie had to resort to the so-called “Flying University”, a clandestine institution, open to women.

Later, in 1891 she studied in París, She finished his physics studies with number one in is promotion., as a curiosity also,  we can say that she liked the teatre and she participated in some as an amateur.

She married in 1894 with Pierre Courie, and they celebratd their wedding on July 26. 1985 with extreme simplicty, because the weeding was without party, and she didn´t wear a white dress, she with her husband  rides a bicicles to star the honeymoon on the roads of France.

She and her husband worked together and discovered polonium and uranium, The name of polonium was for her birthplace, we need remember that Marie Curie was the first to use  the term “Radioactive”.

In 1903 she with her husband were awarded the novel prize in Phisics for the discovery of radioactive elements, she was the first woman to receive the novel prize, after,  in the 1911, She was awarded a second Novel prize in Chemistry, for her reseach on radium and it´s components, She was appointed director of the Pasris Radio Institute in 1914 and the Curie Institute  was founded.

Marie Curie suffered a lot of diseases fron long exposure to radiation, and she died on july 04, 1934. She was buried next to her husband in the Sceaux cemenmtery, a few kilometers south of Paris, his body was placed in a lead-sealed coffin to isolate it from radiation.

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On 10 December 1911, Marie Curie received the Nobel Prize in chemistry for discovering of the radium and polonium. She was the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize and the first person who won it twice. Rarely has our society been generous to a woman, recognizing her great effort.

The first time that she was awarded, Marie had been worked as a team. She, Pierre Curie, and Henri Becquerel had shared the 1903 physics prize for their work on radiation.
All in all, Marie Curie drew a new horizon on the scientific world, and on the role of women in it.

Carolina C1 b

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Alice H. Parker was an African American inventor famous for her patented system of central heating using natural gas. In the 1920s using natural gas to power a heating furnace was a revolutionary idea that conserved energy and paved the way for the central heating systems we all have in our homes today.
Parker’s filing a patent was a remarkable milestone, as she was an African American woman in the early 20th century since her filing for a patent preceded both the Civil Rights Movement and the Women´s Liberation Movement which subsequently removed many of the barriers that women of her generation faced. At this time, African American women had very limited opportunities and Parker’s receiving of a patent for her invention during that time was a truly unusual and outstanding achievement.

Jorge Pro C1C

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Ángela Ruiz was a spanish woman that came ahead of time.

She was born in 1895 in León, place where she will be take her studies as a teacher. A few time later, she became a principal at the same time she was teaching.

Ángela dedicated her life to Education, but also she was an amaizing writter.

But that was not enought for her, she also stand out as a inventor.
Ángela desinged the mechanics encyclopedia what can be considerated the first electronic book.

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Thermoelectric flashlight by Ann Makosinski  (1997)

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Thermoelectric flashlight by Ann Makosinski  (1997)

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She was born in Canada in 1997.
She is a student and inventor and She is the winner of Google Science Fair in 2013 for inventing a thermoelectric flashlight.
It is the first flashlight that doesn't need batteries, wind or sun, just body heat.
Now, Ann is one of the most promising inventors of today.
Her dream is that these flashlights reach people who can't pay electricity and help the environment.
Currently, she is 22 years old and she works to bring accesible energy to everyone.

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Gertrude B. Elion - the woman who made organ transplants possible (1918-1999)

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Gertrude B. Elion - the woman who made organ transplants possible (1918-1999)

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Was an American pharmacologist and biochemist who received the 1988 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine for her "discoveries of key principles of drug development and treatment." In fact, it could be said that, thanks to his lab work, he saved millions of lives.
She was the only woman to take a master's degree in Chemistry at New York University

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She was one of many women who make up a long list of inventors of gadgets that we use daily. His ingenuity was as prosaic as the windshield wiper, but it made life easier for thousands of train, tram, and car conductors. A born entrepreneur, Mary Anderson was a practical woman who used her imagination to design a model of windshield wiper that was so effective that it was soon incorporated into every motor vehicle.

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Josephine Garis Cochrane was an American inventor. He invented the first commercially successful dishwasher, which he built together with mechanic George Butters.

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When we write with a pen and we make a mistake, we shake our "tipex", we paint the error white, we wait for it to dry and that's it, to write on it.

Before computers with their printers existed, all jobs were done on a typewriter. If you were wrong, you had two solutions: either put an X on top of the mistake, or remove the paper, throw it in the trash and start over.

It was Secretary Bette Nemisth Graham, born in Dallas in 1924, who put an end to this waste of paper and time. She was an artist, but recently divorced and with a small son she had to look for work outside the world of Art. He learned to type on a typewriter and landed a position at "Texas Bank & Trust." It bothered him so much that he had to waste paper due to mistakes in writing that he decided to apply his knowledge in painting. He mixed tempera with water in the blender and filled little bottles labeled "Mistake Out."

Profits were increasing and manufacturing spread throughout the world. With this idea in mind, she created two foundations to “support the well-being of women and generate more efforts in business and the arts”.

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NUCLEAR FISSION BY LISE MEITNER (1878-1968)

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NUCLEAR FISSION BY LISE MEITNER (1878-1968)

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Lisa Meitner was born in Austria in 1878 into a Jewish family. She was an Austrian physicist that researched radioactivity and nuclear fission.
She finished her doctoral in 1905. Soon after, Lisa started her job at the Institute Chemist of Berlin. There, she knew Otto Hahn, who became her workmate in the research of nuclear fission.
She wasn't able to continue her job when the nazis came to power. As a consequence, she fled from Germany to Sweden.
In 1945 Otto Hahn got the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for Nuclear fission. Although the discovery was of Lisa too, she didn't get any award.
She was always against the nuclear bomb and did not participate in its construction.
She received some recognitions two years before to died in 1964. An element in the periodic table (109) has her name also two craters and one asteroid.
LMM B2.1

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THE BEGINNING OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY IN SPAIN: MARGARITA SALAS (1938 - 2019)

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THE BEGINNING OF MOLECULAR BIOLOGY IN SPAIN: MARGARITA SALAS (1938 - 2019)

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She is one of the most important Spanish scientists for her DNA studies. One of the discoveries of Margaritas Salas is the most profitable patent in Spain: discovering how to amplify DNA from very small samples.
Marián Villén B1C

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CELIA SANCHEZ RAMOS, born in Zaragoza in 1959, she is a Spanish scientist, inventor and businesswoman, she invented a system to ·authenticate identity through recognition by the cornea of the eyes" a biometric security method that is already used in offices, banks,hotels, etc...
Sonia Arduán Gil B1A.

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The human papillomavirus, by  Nubia Muñoz calero.

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The human papillomavirus, by  Nubia Muñoz calero.

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She is a Doctor from the Universidad del Valle (Colombia), a fellow at the Johns Hopkins University  (United States) and the International Cancer Reserch Center (France), where she has developed her work as anepidemiologist, studying the types of cancer that most affect to the poor populations.
Her work has contributed to discovering the infectious agents of stomach, liver, and cervical cancer .  One of the greates satisfactions of her as a scientist is having discovered that the human papillomavirus is the main cause of this last type of cancer.  For this work, she won the Gairdner Canada Global Health Prize in 2009 and the Nobel Prize in Medicine nomination in 2008. Nancy B2.1

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Rita Levi-Montalcini was born on 22 April 1909 and died on 30 December 2012 (aged 103). She was an Italian Nobel laureate, honoured for her work in neurobiology. She was awarded the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine jointly with colleague Stanley Cohen for the discovery of nerve growth factor. From 2001 until her death, she also served in the Italian Senate as a Senator for Life. This honour was given due to her significant scientific contributions.

On 22 April 2009, she became the first Nobel laureate to reach the age of 100 and the event was feted with a party at Rome's City Hall.

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The Spanish teacher who invented a mechanical forerunner to today's ebooks has a street in Madrid named in her honour.
She was a passionate and innovative educator that wanted to make teaching easier and in 1949 devised a metal box that features audio, interchangeable reels of different subjects, a magnifying glass screen and a light so it could be read in the dark.
Unfortunately the mechanical encyclopaedia failed to attract the necessary funding and today her prototype is on show at the national museum of science and technology in the Galician city of La Coruña. She died in 1975.

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A well-known Hollywood actress at the time, Austrian born Hedy Lamarr helped develop a frequency hopping technique that today is marked as an important development in the field of wireless communication.
She was born in 1914, died in 2000 and never saw her invention in use, as it was technologically difficult to implement at the time.

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An American research chemist who discovered a polymer solution of exceptional strength and developed kevlar, a synthetic material that is five times as strong as steel.
It is resistant to corrosion and flames and it's the main ingredient in the production of bulletproof vests, but also skis, helmets or suspension bridge cables. She died in 2014. after having won many awards for her work.