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https://www.theguardian.com/media/greenslade/2015/jun/03/spectacular-rises-for-digital-readerships-as-newsprint-audiences-fall

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Front page of the 13th june 2007 (Tony Blair)

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Front page of the 13th june 2007 (Tony Blair)

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This frontpage is quite unusual because usually on a frontpage there is more headlines of articles, different photos from articles, a few writtings...
On this frontpage there is a lot of writtings, an article and below there is a little presentation of what we can find inside besides an article on Tony Blair.
Blair is speeking about his decision to support USA war against Iraq and he give his opinion on The Independent newspaper.

Remove

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- Established in 1986 as an independent national morning newspaper published in London
- it began as a broadsheet newspaper, but changed to tabloid format in 2003
- not gainful so Lebedev decided to stop publishing a paper version on the Independent and publish now online
- the Independent saw his best days in 1989 (with 420,000 newspapers sold per day)
- in the last few years it was only 40,000 newspapers sold per day (one of the less ditributed in the UK)
- It received the “Newspaper of the Year” award in 1987, its first full year of publication, and by the end of 1988 its circulation had risen to more than 400,000.

- In october 2016, The Independent declared that for the first time in 20 years, the newspaper was gainful/profitable thanks to the online newspaper.

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http://www.independent.co.uk/
http://fr.metrotime.be/2016/10/20/news/le-quotidien-britannique-the-independent-rentable-pour-la-premiere-fois-en-20-ans/

The Independent is a dematerialized newspaper since march 2016, there is 100 journalists all over the world and in august 2016 there was 74.3 million single user in the world. (an increase of 18% compared to march 2016)

- This dematerialized newspaper is more ecologic but above all it is 3 times cheaper than the paper one
-> cheaper to produce
-> cheaper for customers

- Now it's more pratical to read the news on our phones, tablets or computer than a paper version, for exemple in public transportation like the bus or the subway. It doesn't take place.
- Thanks to the digital progress, the evolution of the web and newspapers websites

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Regarder ça ils y a pleins d'infos interressante

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About 75 jobs are at risk in the wake of the decision to close the newspaper editions of the Independent and the Independent on Sunday, a source close to the business has said.

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Closure of Independent print titles 'puts 75 jobs at risk'

About 75 jobs are at risk in the wake of the decision to close the newspaper editions of the Independent and the Independent on Sunday, a source close to the business has said.

The owners of The Independent and The Independent on Sunday newspapers have confirmed the print version of the titles will close, leaving an online-only edition.

ESI Media said The Independent, launched in 1986, will become "the first national newspaper title to move to a digital-only future".

The Independent on Sunday will go online only on March 20, with The Independent following on March 26.

The move comes after the paper's owners, Alexander and Evgeny Lebedev, agreed a deal to sell its cut-price sister paper i to regional publisher Johnston Press for around £24 million.

The Independent newspapers are part of the group owned by the Lebedev family, who have other media assets including the Evening Standard and local TV station London Live.

ESI Media said the independent.co.uk website has seen its monthly audience grow 33.3% over the last 12 months to nearly 70 million global unique users.

It added the site is profitable and is expected to see revenue growth of 50% this year.

The move comes at a time of increasing difficulties for the British newspaper industry, with print advertising revenues falling and few titles having found a profitable online business model.

Evgeny Lebedev, owner of The Independent, said: "The newspaper industry is changing, and that change is being driven by readers.

"They're showing us that the future is digital. This decision preserves the Independent brand and allows us to continue to invest in the high quality editorial content that is attracting more and more readers to our online platforms."

ESI Media said as a result of the move it will create 25 new digital content roles, launch a new subscription mobile app and continue to invest in quality journalism.

It added that due to the expansion of independent.co.uk new editorial bureaux will open in Europe, the Middle East and Asia, and its US operation will be boosted.

The group said the Evening Standard is unaffected by the move, "which continues to grow as a profitable and successful newspaper brand in its own right".

The Independent was launched by a group of journalists led by Andreas Whittam Smith. It enjoyed initial success rising to a circulation passing 400,000 by 1988, and claimed it was free from proprietorial influence.

Early advertising featured the famous strapline "It is, are you?", and later editors included Andrew Marr and Rosie Boycott.

The Independent on Sunday launched in 1990, with Stephen Glover as editor.

However, over the years and under different owners the circulation and ad revenues of the titles began to shrink as the newspaper industry lost readers.

In March 2010 ESI Media bought the titles from Irish mogul Sir Anthony O'Reilly for £1.

The Independent's current paid circulation is just over 40,000 while its Sunday sister title sells just under 43,000 copies.

By contrast the i, bought by Johnston Press, has a circulation of 275,000 and reported profits of £5.2 million last year.

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Closure of Independent print titles 'puts 75 jobs at risk'

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About 75 jobs are at risk in the wake of the decision to close the newspaper editions of the Independent and the Independent on Sunday, a source close to the business has said. The owners of The Independent and The Independent on Sunday newspapers have confirmed the print version of the titles will close, leaving an online-only edition.

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The viewspaper is a section where people give their opinions, a section where we can find interview, readers comments, cartoons strips, art reviews, etc :
- daily magazine supplement which includes Britain's most wide-ranging opinion, award-winning commentary, more space for your letters, the finest writing on cultural matters, a daily essay and in-depth features on the environment, media, science, technology and history
-where you'll find many of our regulars, like arts reviews, TV schedules, obituaries, and the As If cartoon strip, plus some new features such as our round-up of the best of the web, and aperçus from the pen of Charles Nevin.

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Today the Independent has launched a new-look print edition.

Print readers will notice changes to our typography, and the design of the front page, but it is inside the paper where the major difference is to be found.

Starting today, we are introducing a unique second section, Viewspaper, a daily magazine supplement which includes Britain's most wide-ranging opinion, award-winning commentary, more space for your letters, the finest writing on cultural matters, a daily essay and in-depth features on the environment, media, science, technology and history. Today's Viewspaper features Hamish McRae on what the volcanic eruption in Iceland tells us about the way we live our lives, while Dominic Lawson discusses the moral ambiguity in our treatment of the Pope and Roman Polanski.

Download the new Independent Premium app

Sharing the full story, not just the headlines

The Viewspaper is also where you'll find many of our regulars, like arts reviews, TV schedules, obituaries, and the As If cartoon strip, plus some new features such as our round-up of the best of the web, and aperçus from the pen of Charles Nevin. As a result, some fixtures have moved to the main section of the paper. Weather, crosswords, Sudoku and a daily picture quiz are to be found in the new Living section, which comes between Business and Sport. Today, Living focuses on health: other topics it will cover include fashion, food, families and homes & design. There will be a host of improvements throughout the paper, but we'll let you discover those at your leisure.

For those of you who take an interest in these things, the design work has been led by Cases & Associates of Barcelona, and the headline fonts are Sun (in the main section) and Farnham and Clan (in Viewspaper).

We hope you like how the new Independent looks. But we would most like to be judged by the quality of our content. We make no apologies for erring on the side of seriousness; these are serious times and we believe that what is most needed on the media landscape is a newspaper that is truly free of proprietorial influence and political affiliation (something no other paper can claim) to make some sense of the world around us.

You may not always agree with what we say, but it is spoken from the heart, and from a standpoint that's untainted by commercial or political imperatives. We have never been fearful of taking an unpopular stand, nor of highlighting issues that others might think unfashionable. We shall continue to do that. And as the election approaches, the need for a truly independent voice is greater than ever.

In the end, however, it's you, the reader, who will judge us. We take your views very seriously (hence an expanded letters section) and look forward to hearing your opinions on the new Independent. In the meantime, we hope we can count on your vote.

Email letters@independent.co.uk with your comments on the new-look Independent

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The new-look print edition: A newspaper and a viewspaper

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Today the Independent has launched a new-look print edition. Print readers will notice changes to our typography, and the design of the front page, but it is inside the paper where the major difference is to be found.

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(j'ai pas trouvé de lien anglais pour l'instant, j'en met un français qui est vachement intéressant jusqu'à ce que j'en trouve un)

The Independent was created at a time of a fundamental change in British newspaper publishing.
From is creation, the Independent is engaged in a war against rivals newspapers. The most famous is the Press Tycoon Murdoch ans his newspapers like "The Sun" or "The Times"
For exemple : the Independent  was forced to price cuting in 90' to fight against Murdoch.
With an accumulation of liabilities and financial problems the Independent was selled and bought many times in the 90' until the family Lebedev bought him.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Independent#1986_to_1990

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rente ans c'est très jeune pour mourir. C'est pourtant ce qui vient de se produire le 26 mars 2016. Il ne s'agit pas d'un humain mais de la version imprimée d'un journal, The Independent, et la majorité des salariés, journalistes, graphistes, techniciens et gestionnaires, doit ressentir une vive amertume et une profonde tristesse.

The Independent avait un peu surgi de nulle part, en ce 7 octobre 1986, dans le paysage de la presse écrite du royaume de sa toujours gracieuse majesté. De nulle part, certes mais à cause de l'arrivée tapageuse du tristement célèbre Rupert Murdoch (déjà lui !), bulldozer médiatique prémonitoire de l'émergence d'un Donald Trump en politique de l'autre côté de l'Atlantique, tant les méthodes semblent similaires. 1986 donc, année de tous les dangers pour l'indépendance légendaire de la presse britannique.

Le papivore (surnom donné par Le Canard Enchaîné à Robert Hersant, patron de presse écrite omniprésent en France dans les années 1970) australien pose ses bagages au Royaume-Uni pour racheter The Sun, puis (ô suprême paradoxe !) le vénérable et conservateur The Times et, par un coup de force d'une rare violence, installe, en une nuit, imprimeries et bureaux de son nouveau groupe ( News International Corporation) à Wapping (l'expression The Wapping Revolution a été lancée par Bryan McNair dans son ouvrage News and Journalism in the UK, 1994, Routledge), sur les bords de la Tamise, au nez et à la barbe des syndicats qui bloquaient les antiques locaux du temple de la presse dans Fleet Street, au cœur de la City.

C'est alors qu'un mélange assez hétéroclite de journalistes, qui refusaient le diktat murdochien (que l'on peut résumer à " ceux qui m'aiment me suivent "), d'abord issus du Times, puis rejoints par des dissidents du Daily Telegraph et du Daily Mail, créèrent l'entreprise Newspaper Publishing qui allait bientôt éditer le nouveau quotidien The Independent. Ce qui fut fait à l'aide de capitaux apportés par deux figures conservatrices, Marcus Sieff, pdg de Marks & Spencer, et Andreas Whittam Smith, journaliste spécialisé en économie du Guardian puis du Telegraph.

L'engouement ainsi suscité engendra une embellie inattendue qui permit au titre d'atteindre un tirage de plus de 450.000 exemplaires quotidiens, en 1989, trois ans après sa création. Mais le succès se teinta très rapidement d'un profond malentendu. D'une part parce que l'émergence de l' Independent porta atteinte au très respectable Guardian, dans un premier temps, en mordant sur son lectorat plutôt que sur celui du Times, dont le propriétaire sans morale et sans scrupules ne tarda pas à baisser sensiblement le prix de vente du journal pour couler ce nouveau concurrent. D'autre part parce que la ligne politique et éditoriale de l' Independent demeurait plutôt floue et indescriptible - l'hebdomadaire satirique Private Eye le qualifia de Indescribablyboring (rasoir d'une manière indescriptible) et l'étiquette de journal sans attache politique, que le Guardian revendique, légitimement, depuis 1924, s'envola au gré des changements fréquents à la tête de la direction et de la rédaction.

Ainsi, en 1990, les fondateurs cédèrent leurs parts à un milliardaire irlandais à la réputation sulfureuse, Tony O'Reilly, ex-propriétaire de l'entreprise Heinz, spécialisée dans la fabrication de la sauce tomate et des beans, un lien pas vraiment avéré avec la presse. Ce nouveau patron eut l'idée plus que saugrenue, alors que les ventes étaient en chute libre (moins de 200.000), de nommer une nouvelle rédactrice-en-chef au patronyme prémonitoire, Rosie Boycott, et de lancer une édition dominicale, The Independent on Sunday en 1996. Deux ans plus tard, une fois les beans digérés et la sauce tomate nettoyée le journal passa aux mains du Mirror Group Newspapers, qui faisait déjà partie du capital, et le journaliste du Telegraph Simon Kelner vint stabiliser la rédaction et la chute des ventes.

Malgré des subterfuges éphémères tels que le passage du format broadsheet au tabloïd en 2003, le déclin désormais inexorable continua de plus belle. En 2008 The Independent fut déclaré en cessation de paiement, puis après quelques soubresauts et quelques tentatives d'éponger les dettes colossales, le quotidien fut vendu le 25 mars 2010, pour une livre sterling symbolique, à l'oligarque russe Alexander Lebedev, qui fait partie de cette génération, de prime abord très proche de Poutine, dont les parents ont été de solides apparatchiks staliniens et dont les enfants ses sont emparé sans vergogne des outils de production à des fins d'enrichissement personnel, lors du démantèlement de l'ex-URSS organisé par Boris Eltsine. Lebedev épongea les 9 millions de livres sterling de l'ardoise laissée par l'ancienne direction de l' Independent, puis envoya des messages contradictoires. Finalement Lebedev décida, en début d'année, de mettre un terme à une plaisanterie qui ne l'a jamais vraiment déridé, puisque les ventes cumulées étaient tombées à 50.000 exemplaires.

Le dimanche 20 mars, The Independent on Sunday a été imprimé pour la dernière fois, et le samedi 26 mars The Independent a disparu définitivement du paysage de la presse écrite britannique. Le site independent.co.uk continue mais à quel horizon et avec quelles perspectives ? La version électronique souffre des mêmes défauts reprochés à l'édition papier, c'est-à-dire manque d'originalité et d'accroche, et ne risque pas de faire de l'ombre à celui du Guardian, un des tous meilleurs mondiaux avec le New York Times.

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Vie et mort d'un quotidien britannique (The Independent)

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Trente ans c'est très jeune pour mourir. C'est pourtant ce qui vient de se produire le 26 mars 2016. Il ne s'agit pas d'un humain mais de la version imprimée d'un journal, The Independent, et la majorité des salariés, journalistes, graphistes, techniciens et gestionnaires, doit ressentir une vive amertume et une profonde tristesse.

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March 2016 : The Independent becomes the first national newspaper to embrace a global, digital-only future

Why ? :
- Because the evolution of the newspapers website and the digital progress
- Today, people read newspapers on the web rather than on paper
- Print newspaper have a money cost

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The Independent is to become the first national newspaper title to move to a digital-only future, owners ESI Media have announced.

The move will capitalise on The Independent's position as the fastest growing UK quality newspaper website, and will ensure a sustainable and profitable future.

Rapid digital growth in the past three years has made independent.co.uk the UK's fastest-growing quality newspaper site. Its monthly audience has grown 33.3% in the last 12 months to nearly 70 million global unique users. The site is profitable and is expected to see revenue growth of 50% this year.

Evgeny Lebedev, owner of The Independent, said: "The newspaper industry is changing, and that change is being driven by readers. They're showing us that the future is digital. This decision preserves the Independent brand and allows us to continue to invest in the high-quality editorial content that is attracting more and more readers to our online platforms.

"My family bought and invested heavily in The Independent because we believe in world-class quality journalism, and this move secures the future of these vitally important editorial values."

Steve Auckland, Group CEO, ESI Media, said: "The unique editorial proposition of The Independent is perfectly suited to the global digital landscape. Following this decisive move to digital, we will be as focused and uncompromised as any start-up, but with all the authority and trust of an established newsbrand - a truly unique proposition. We now have a clear and secure future path for our businesses. It's also a further opportunity for our advertisers to capitalise on our growing, smart, affluent and digitally savvy audience."

The i100.co.uk site, the hugely successful quality news source for millennials, will become indy100.com as part of ESI Media's drive to champion truly independent and innovative journalism worldwide.

The Independent's last paper edition is expected to be published in March.

ESI Media has also confirmed that it will sell i newspaper to Johnston Press, subject to Johnston Press shareholder approval.

The Independent has always been a pioneering newspaper with a track record of innovation. It has a proud heritage as Britain's first truly independent national quality title.

Reuse content

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The Independent will become the first national newspaper to go digital-only

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The Independent is to become the first national newspaper title to move to a digital-only future, owners ESI Media have announced. The move will capitalise on The Independent's position as the fastest growing UK quality newspaper website, and will ensure a sustainable and profitable future.

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The i is a British national morning paper published in London by Daily Mail and General Trust and distributed across the United Kingdom. It is aimed at "readers and lapsed readers" of all ages and commuters with limited time, and was originally launched in 2010 as a sister paper to The Independent. It was later acquired by Johnston Press in 2016 after The Independent shifted to a digital-only model. The i came under the control of JPIMedia a day after Johnston Press filed for administration on 16 November 2018. The paper and its website were bought by the Daily Mail and General Trust (DMGT) on 29 November 2019, for £49.6 million. On 6 December 2019 the Competition and Markets Authority served an initial enforcement order on DGMT and DMG Media Limited requiring the paper to be run separately pending investigation.

The i was named British National Newspaper of the Year in 2015.

Since its inception, the i has expanded its layout and coverage, adding special sections for notable events and revamping its weekend edition. The paper had an average daily circulation of 302,757 in March 2013, significantly more than The Independent, though that figure has since continued to decline, and had dropped to 233,869 by February 2019. The paper is classified as a ' quality' in the UK market but is published in the standard compact tabloid-size format.

A press statement released on the website of The Independent on 19 October 2010 announced the launch of the i. Also in October 2010, Independent Print Limited launched an advertising campaign to promote the new publication. The first issue of the i went on sale for 20p on 26 October 2010, along with a new-look version of The Independent.

Starting on 7 May 2011 a Saturday edition was published, with more pages and at the price of 30p. This increased to 40p in January 2014, with the weekday edition rising to 30p. In September 2016, the price was raised to 60p, with the weekday edition rising to 50p.

The i was then named National Newspaper of the Year in 2015.

At the start of September 2017, the price rose once again, to 60p for the weekday edition and 80p for the relaunched i weekend beginning later that month. The paper cited the rising cost of materials needed to print the paper and the increasingly difficult environment in which print journalism finds itself.

On 11 February 2016, it was revealed that regional publisher Johnston Press, which owned the Yorkshire Post and The Scotsman, were in the advanced stages of talks to buy the i for around £24 million. The acquisition was completed before The Independent became a digital-only publication, and a "significant number" of staff joined the team from The Independent. The new editorial team was announced in April 2016 and moved one floor down in Northcliffe House.

On 30 September 2017, a new, redesigned, version of the weekend edition of the i went on sale, costing 80p. This relaunch of the weekend paper saw circulation rise by around 30,000, to around 290,000 of the first edition of the redesigned paper being sold. By August 2018, the weekend edition had become the strongest day of trading for the i.

In December 2017, the owners of the i, Johnston Press, announced the newspaper was bringing in a monthly profit of around £1 million. They stated that this was the result of: "Johnston Press management's strategy of investing in improved content under editor Olly Duff's clear leadership, increased brand awareness, distribution, and advertiser solutions, while delivering efficiencies". A February 2018 trading update from parent company Johnston Press stated that the paper held a 20% market share of the 'Quality' weekday market.

The i website, inews.co.uk, was reported to attract around two million unique viewers at the start of 2018, but that figure had grown 457% by November, with Comscore reporting unique visitors to the website then stood at 5.2 million, surpassing the reach of and Huffington Post UK.

In November 2018, ownership of the i alongside the other assets of Johnston Press were transferred in a pre-packaged administration deal to JPIMedia, a company set up by the bondholders of Johnston Press, after several attempts to restructure the debt or sell the business were unsuccessful.

2019-present

On 14 September 2019, The iweekend price rose from £1 to £1.20.

On 29 November 2019, it was announced that JPIMedia had sold the i newspaper and website to the Daily Mail and General Trust, which owns the Mail on Sunday and MailOnline. Lord Rothermere, the chair of DMGT, said that the paper would maintain its politically independent editorial style.

The i is tabloid-size and stapled, and the first issue contained 56 pages. The Friday edition of the paper, which contains the "Friday" section, has a slightly increased page count, at around 65. The weekend version of the paper is significantly larger than the weekday version, containing 87 pages. The i prides itself on having no supplements, something common in many other quality British newspapers, saying they want to give readers the best experience without supplements that "clog up" recycling bins. The newspaper contains "matrices" for news, business and sports-small paragraphs of information which are expanded upon in full articles further on in the paper. The title also includes a features section titled iQ, Arts and Business sections and a television guide.

The managing director of The Independent stated several days before the newspaper went into print that the publication is designed for people who do not have much time to read a newspaper. On 20 April 2011, editor Simon Kelner announced that a Saturday edition of the i would be published, starting from 7 May 2011 and costing 30 pence, 10 pence more than the weekday version. The paper is now 65p on weekdays and £1.20 at the weekend, running Monday to Saturday (although the Saturday edition is also sold on Sunday).

The paper now runs a subscription, whereby customers can buy pre-paid vouchers to exchange for their copy of the paper. The subscription can be either six months or a year long and can be chosen Monday to Friday or including Saturday. There is also a discounted student subscription that lasts for one academic year.

The i takes a political stance on the centre of the political spectrum, with many front-page headline articles being concerned with social issues and inequality - but it also claims to be politically balanced and to publish points of view from both left and right.

Nick Clegg, former UK Deputy Prime Minister and former leader of the Liberal Democrats, a centrist party, is a fortnightly columnist for the i. His column usually features in the "My View" comment section of the paper.

During an interview for the i in December 2017, Labour leader, Jeremy Corbyn declared himself to be a dedicated reader of the i, saying that its compact size and concise articles suited his busy lifestyle as Leader of Her Majesty's Opposition.

During the referendum on the United Kingdom's membership of the European Union, held in June 2016, the paper chose not to declare for either " leave" or " remain", unlike a majority of other British newspapers who came out for either side of the debate.

In the 2017 UK general election, the i chose not to endorse a political party.

The i has developed a strong national reputation over time. The paper is understood to be highly regarded by many journalists, especially the former employees of The Independent who had worked on the title. The i was also found in a 2018 poll to be the second-most trusted news brand in the UK after The Guardian. Since being named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2015 News Awards, the i has also gone on to win and be shortlisted for numerous awards in the UK.

At the 2017 Press Awards, the i secured six nominations. Katy Balls was a finalist alongside Stephen Bush for Political Commentary of the Year, Yasmin Alibhai-Brown for Broadsheet Columnist of the Year, Alice Jones for Critic of the Year, Steve Connor for Science Editor of the Year, Kim Sengupta for Foreign Reporter of the Year, Sam Cunningham for Sports Journalist of the Year, while the paper itself was nominated for Best News Site of the Year. At the 2017 British Sports Journalism Awards, Hugo Lowell was nominated for Young Sports Writer of the Year.

At the 2018 British Media Awards, the i won Gold in the Launch of the Year category for i weekend and Editorial Campaign of the Year category for its coverage of NHS Cuts. The paper were also runner-ups for Print Product of the Year and Media Brand of the Year.

In March 2019, the i overtook The Guardian to become the most trusted digital newsbrand.

At the 2019 British Media Awards, the i won Gold in the Media Brand of the Year category, Silver for the Digital Product of the Year, and Bronze in the Print Product of the Year category.

Shappi Khorsandi

Kevin Garside (Chief Sports Writer)

Sam Cunningham (Chief Football Writer)

Daniel Storey (Friday columnist)

Melissa Reddy (i Weekend columnist)

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The i is a British national morning paper published in London by Daily Mail and General Trust and distributed across the United Kingdom. It is aimed at "readers and lapsed readers" of all ages and commuters with limited time, and was originally launched in 2010 as a sister paper to The Independent .

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The newspaper was strongly opposed to the war in Iraq which George W Bush and Tony Blair initiated in 2003. There were a lot of article against this war and Mr.Blair was very criticized in these articles.
The Independent don't follow the national and governemental opinion.
The Independent extol the free speech, he makes his own opinions but it is also a center-left political newspaper

Mr Blair was quite liked until he lied about the "weapons on mass destruction" of Saddam Hussein and he lost his credibility. He apologizes in 2015.

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Was launched in 26 october 2010
Owned and published by Johnston Press
Is a tabloid ( a format compact)
Is a daily journal
Is a separate newspaper of The independent
Cost £ 0,20 for one the weekday version (£0,50 now) and £ 0,30 the Saturday (£0,60 now)
Is designed for people who do not have much time to read a newspaper
Contains news, business, culture, lifestyle and sport (56 pages)
On the centre of the political spectrum
Had an average daily circulation of 292,801 (more than The Independent)
Became National Newspaper of the Year in 2015

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Newspapers were stuck with an ethical dilemma about how to report on the killing of Alan Henning by Islamic State
Rather than satisfy the terrorists' propaganda aims by publishing tormenting images of Henning's beheading, the paper instead reports the story with a blacked-out front page carrying a strong, short statement

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The Gardian (résumé history of The Independent)

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The Gardian (résumé history of The Independent)

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In memory of the Independent - in front pages

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'It is. Are you?' ran the newspaper's famous 1986 advertising slogan - just one example of the paper's penchant for directly challenging splash headlines

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Alexandre :
Become the new owner of the independent in 2010
Buy for £1 because The Independent was indebted
Oversaw a relaunch and redesign of the famous paper because he has a will to make profits with the press
Supports the independence of mind, europhile commitment and liberal positions on social issues of the newspaper.
Is a billionaire, a Russian businessman and referred to as one of the Russian oligarchs
Earned a doctorate in economics in 1982
Worked for the KGB until 1992 at the Soviet Embassy in London,  then he launches in business
Began to buy the National Reserve Bank in 1995
During a part of time, 1998 at 2008, he was turning on Russian politics
After he buy some newspaper like Novaïa Gazeta in 2008, The Evening Standard in 2009 and The Independent in 2010
Evgeny :
Is the son of Alexander and the owner of Lebedev Holdings Ltd which owns the Independent
Launch the i
Adopts a hands-off approach to the commercial and editorial management of his papers
Is a strong defender of press freedom

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All the latest breaking news on Iraq War. Browse The Independent's complete collection of articles and commentary on Iraq War.

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Established on 7 October 1986 (late)
Published in London
Independent national morning newspaper
Created by Andreas Whittam-Smith and his two co-founders, Stephen Glover and Matthew Symonds
Concevied the idea of a new, upmarket British newspaper
Determination to be creative and to maintain the highest standards
Was trying to elbow aside The Times, The Gardian and Daily Telegraph
Broadsheet format
Innovative and radical journal
Produced by Newspaper Publishing
From the center-left on culture and politics
To remain outside the Parliamentary lobby system
Created at a time of a fundamental change in British newspaper publishing when the production cost was reduced thank to the Wapping dispute between Murdoch and the print unions

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The Independent is a British online publisher of news that was established in 1986 as a politically independent national morning printed newspaper published in London. Nicknamed the Indy, it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was published on Saturday 26 March 2016, leaving only the online edition.

It tends to take a pro-market stance on economic issues. The newspaper was controlled by Tony O'Reilly's Irish Independent News & Media from 1997 until it was sold to the Russian businessman and former KGB officer Alexander Lebedev in 2010.

In June 2015, the newspaper had an average daily circulation of just below 58,000, 85% down from its 1990 peak, while the Sunday edition had a circulation of just over 97,000. The daily edition was named National Newspaper of the Year at the 2004 British Press Awards. The website and mobile app have a combined monthly reach of 22,939,000.

Launched in 1986, the first issue of The Independent was published on 7 October in broadsheet format. It was produced by Newspaper Publishing plc and created by Andreas Whittam Smith, Stephen Glover and Matthew Symonds. All three partners were former journalists at The Daily Telegraph who had left the paper towards the end of Lord Hartwell's ownership. Marcus Sieff was the first chairman of Newspaper Publishing, and Whittam Smith took control of the paper.

The paper was created at a time of a fundamental change in British newspaper publishing. Rupert Murdoch was challenging long-accepted practices of the print unions and ultimately defeated them in the Wapping dispute. Consequently, production costs could be reduced which, it was said at the time, created openings for more competition. As a result of controversy around Murdoch's move to Wapping, the plant was effectively having to function under siege from sacked print workers picketing outside. The Independent attracted some of the staff from the two Murdoch broadsheets who had chosen not to move to his company's new headquarters. Launched with the advertising slogan "It is. Are you?", and challenging both The Guardian for centre-left readers and as the newspaper of record, The Independent reached a circulation of over 400,000 by 1989.

Competing in a moribund market, The Independent sparked a general freshening of newspaper design as well as, within a few years, a price war in the market sector. When The Independent launched The Independent on Sunday in 1990, sales were less than anticipated, partly due to the launch of the Sunday Correspondent four months prior, although this direct rival closed at the end of November 1990. Some aspects of production merged with the main paper, although the Sunday paper retained a largely distinct editorial staff.

In the 1990s, The Independent was faced with price cutting by the Murdoch titles, and started an advertising campaign accusing The Times and The Daily Telegraph of reflecting the views of their proprietors, Rupert Murdoch and Conrad Black. It featured spoofs of the other papers' mastheads with the words The Rupert Murdoch or The Conrad Black, with The Independent below the main title.

Newspaper Publishing had financial problems. A number of other media companies were interested in the paper. Tony O'Reilly's media group and Mirror Group Newspapers (MGN) had bought a stake of about a third each by mid-1994. In March 1995, Newspaper Publishing was restructured with a rights issue, splitting the shareholding into O'Reilly's Independent News & Media (43%), MGN (43%), and Prisa (publisher of ) (12%).

In April 1996, there was another refinancing, and in March 1998, O'Reilly bought the other shares of the company for £30 million, and assumed the company's debt. Brendan Hopkins headed Independent News, Andrew Marr was appointed editor of The Independent, and Rosie Boycott became editor of The Independent on Sunday. Marr introduced a dramatic if short-lived redesign which won critical favour but was a commercial failure, partly as a result of a limited promotional budget. Marr admitted his changes had been a mistake in his book, My Trade.

Boycott left in April 1998 to join the Daily Express, and Marr left in May 1998, later becoming the BBC's political editor. Simon Kelner was appointed as the editor. By this time the circulation had fallen below 200,000. Independent News spent heavily to increase circulation, and the paper went through several redesigns. While circulation increased, it did not approach the level which had been achieved in 1989, or restore profitability. Job cuts and financial controls reduced the morale of journalists and the quality of the product.

Ivan Fallon, on the board since 1995 and formerly a key figure at The Sunday Times, replaced Hopkins as head of Independent News & Media in July 2002. By mid-2004, the newspaper was losing £5 million per year. A gradual improvement meant that by 2006, circulation was at a nine-year high.

In November 2008, following further staff cuts, production was moved to Northcliffe House, in Kensington High Street, the headquarters of Associated Newspapers. The two newspaper groups' editorial, management and commercial operations remained separate, but they shared services including security, information technology, switchboard and payroll.

On 25 March 2010, Independent News & Media sold the newspaper to Russian oligarch Alexander Lebedev for a nominal £1 fee and £9.25m over the next 10 months, choosing this option over closing The Independent and The Independent on Sunday, which would have cost £28m and £40m respectively, due to long-term contracts. In 2009, Lebedev had bought a controlling stake in the London Evening Standard. Two weeks later, editor Roger Alton resigned.

In July 2011, The Independent's columnist Johann Hari was stripped of the Orwell Prize he had won in 2008 after claims, to which Hari later admitted, of plagiarism and inaccuracy. In January 2012, Chris Blackhurst, editor of The Independent, told the Leveson inquiry that the scandal had "severely damaged" the newspaper's reputation. He nevertheless told the inquiry that Hari would return as a columnist in "four to five weeks". Hari later announced that he would not return to The Independent. Jonathan Foreman contrasted The Independent's reaction to the scandal unfavourably with the reaction of American newspapers to similar incidents such as the Jayson Blair case, which led to resignations of editors, "deep soul-searching", and "new standards of exactitude being imposed". The historian Guy Walters suggested that Hari's fabrications had been an open secret amongst the newspaper's staff and that their internal inquiry was a "facesaving exercise". A proportion of articles are now behind a pay wall, that section is titled, 'Independent Minds'.

The Independent and The Independent on Sunday endorsed "Remain" in the Brexit referendum of 2016.

In March 2016 The Independent decided to close its print edition and become an online newspaper; the last printed edition was published on Saturday 26 March 2016. The Independent on Sunday published its last print edition on 20 March 2016 and was closed following that.

The Independent began publishing as a broadsheet, in a series of celebrated designs. The final version was designed by Carroll, Dempsey and Thirkell following a commission by Nicholas Garland who, along with Alexander Chancellor, was unhappy with designs produced by Raymond Hawkey and Michael McGuiness - on seeing the proposed designs, Chancellor had said "I thought we were joining a serious paper". The first edition was designed and implemented by Michael Crozier, who was Executive Editor, Design and Picture, from pre-launch in 1986 to 1994.

From September 2003, the paper was produced in both broadsheet and tabloid-sized versions, with the same content in each. The tabloid edition was termed "compact" to distance itself from the more sensationalist reporting style usually associated with "tabloid" newspapers in the UK. After launching in the London area and then in North West England, the smaller format appeared gradually throughout the UK. Soon afterwards, Rupert Murdoch's Times followed suit, introducing its own tabloid-sized version. Prior to these changes, The Independent had a daily circulation of around 217,500, the lowest of any major national British daily, a figure that climbed by 15% as of March 2004 (to 250,000). Throughout much of 2006, circulation stagnated at a quarter of a million. On 14 May 2004, The Independent produced its last weekday broadsheet, having stopped producing a Saturday broadsheet edition in January. The Independent on Sunday published its last simultaneous broadsheet on 9 October 2005, and thereafter followed a compact design until the print edition was discontinued.

On 12 April 2005, The Independent redesigned its layout to a more European feel, similar to France's Libération. The redesign was carried out by a Barcelona-based design studio. The weekday second section was subsumed within the main paper, double-page feature articles became common in the main news sections, and there were revisions to the front and back covers. A new second section, "Extra", was introduced on 25 April 2006. It is similar to The Guardian's "G2" and The Times's "Times2", containing features, reportage and games, including sudoku. In June 2007, The Independent on Sunday consolidated its content into a news section which included sports and business, and a magazine focusing on life and culture. On 23 September 2008, the main newspaper became full-colour, and "Extra" was replaced by an "Independent Life Supplement" focusing on different themes each day.

Three weeks after the acquisition of the paper by Alexander Lebedev and Evgeny Lebedev in 2010, the paper was relaunched with another redesign on 20 April. The new format featured smaller headlines and a new pullout "Viewspaper" section, which contained the paper's comment and feature articles. From 26 October 2010, the same day as its sister paper, i, was launched, The Independent was printed on slightly thicker paper than before and ceased to be full-colour throughout, with many photographs and pictures (though none of those used in adverts) being printed in black and white only. On 11 October 2011, The Independent unveiled yet another new look, featuring a red, sans-serif masthead. In November 2013, the whole newspaper was overhauled again, including new custom fonts and a vertical masthead in black.

Following the 2003 switch in format, The Independent became known for its unorthodox and campaigning front pages, which frequently relied on images, graphics or lists rather than traditional headlines and written news content. For example, following the Kashmir earthquake in 2005, it used its front page to urge its readers to donate to its appeal fund, and following the publication of the Hutton Report into the death of British government scientist David Kelly, its front page simply carried the word "Whitewash?" In 2003, the paper's editor, Simon Kelner, was named "Editor of the Year" at the What the Papers Say awards, partly in recognition of, according to the judges, his "often arresting and imaginative front-page designs". In 2008, however, as he was stepping down as editor, he stated that it was possible to "overdo the formula" and that the style of the paper's front pages perhaps needed "reinvention".

Under the subsequent editorship of Chris Blackhurst, the campaigning, poster-style front pages were scaled back in favour of more conventional news stories.

The weekday, Saturday and Sunday editions of The Independent all included supplements and pull-out subsections:

Daily (Monday to Friday) The Independent:

"Monday Sport": A weekly pull-out containing reports of the previous weekend's sporting events.

Saturday's The Independent:

"Saturday Sport": A weekly pull-out containing reports looking ahead to the weekend's sporting events.

"Radar": A compact, primarily listings magazine, including television schedules, film and DVD reviews and events listings for the coming week. It also includes a round-up of the "50 best" items in a particular category. For example, over the Christmas period there are weekly supplements of "Gifts for him" and "Gifts for her".

"Traveller": Contains travel articles and advertisements.

"The Independent Magazine": A features magazine including sections on food, interiors and fashion.

The Independent on Sunday:

"Sport": A weekly pull-out containing reports of Saturday's sporting events.

"The New Review": A features magazine.

"Arts & Books": A culture supplement.

"Rainbow List" An annually-updated list, first published in 2000, then as the "Pink List", of the most famous and influential people who have declared themselves lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender.

On 23 January 2008, The Independent relaunched its online edition, www.independent.co.uk. The relaunched site introduced a new look, better access to the blog service, priority on image and video content, and additional areas of the site including art, architecture, fashion, gadgets and health. The paper launched podcast programmes such as "The Independent Music Radio Show", "The Independent Travel Guides", "The Independent Sailing Podcasts", and "The Independent Video Travel Guides". Since 2009, the website has carried short video news bulletins provided by the Al Jazeera English news channel.

In 2014, The Independent launched a sister website, i100, a "shareable" journalism site with similarities to Reddit and Upworthy.

When the paper was established in 1986, the founders intended its political stance to reflect the centre of the British political spectrum and thought that it would attract readers primarily from The Times and The Daily Telegraph. It has been seen as leaning to the left wing of the political spectrum, making it more a competitor to The Guardian. However, The Independent tends to take a liberal, pro-market stance on economic issues. The Independent on Sunday referred to itself as a "proudly liberal newspaper".

The media giant, in an article in 1993, stated Osama bin Laden as an "Anti Soviet warrior".

The paper took a strong editorial position against the 2003 invasion of Iraq and aspects of US and UK foreign policy related to the War on Terrorism following the 11 September attacks. In addition, The Independent has highlighted what it refers to as war crimes being committed by pro-government forces in the Darfur region of Sudan.

The paper has been a strong supporter of electoral reform. The paper has also taken strong positions on environmental issues, campaigned against the introduction of ID cards, and campaigned against the restriction of mass immigration to the UK. In 1997, The Independent on Sunday launched a campaign for the decriminalisation of cannabis. Ten years later, it reversed itself, arguing that skunk, the cannabis strain "smoked by the majority of young Britons" in 2007, had become "25 times stronger than resin sold a decade ago".

The paper supports the United Kingdom becoming a republic. Originally, it avoided royal stories, Whittam Smith later saying he thought the British press was "unduly besotted" with the Royal Family and that a newspaper could "manage without" stories about the monarchy.

In 2007, Alan Rusbridger, editor of The Guardian, said of The Independent: "The emphasis on views, not news, means that the reporting is rather thin, and it loses impact on the front page the more you do that". In a 12 June 2007 speech, British Prime Minister Tony Blair called The Independent a "viewspaper", saying it "was started as an antidote to the idea of journalism as views not news. That was why it was called the Independent. Today it is avowedly a viewspaper not merely a newspaper". The Independent criticised Blair's comments the following day but later changed format to include a "Viewspaper" insert in the centre of the regular newspaper, designed to feature most of the opinion columns and arts reviews.

A leader published on the day of the 2008 London mayoral election compared the candidates and said that, if the newspaper had a vote, it would vote first for the Green Party candidate, Sian Berry, noting the similarity between her priorities and those of The Independent, and secondly, with "rather heavy heart", for the incumbent, Ken Livingstone.

An Ipsos MORI poll estimated that in the 2010 general election, 44% of regular readers voted Liberal Democrat, 32% voted Labour, and 14% voted Conservative, compared to 23%, 29%, and 36%, respectively, of the overall electorate. On the eve of the 2010 general election, The Independent supported the Liberal Democrats, arguing that "they are longstanding and convincing champions of civil liberties, sound economics, international co-operation on the great global challenges and, of course, fundamental electoral reform. These are all principles that this newspaper has long held dear. That is why we argue that there is a strong case for progressively minded voters to lend their support to the Liberal Democrats wherever there is a clear opportunity for that party to win". However, before the 2015 general election The Independent on Sunday desisted from advising its readers how to vote, writing that "this does not mean that we are a bloodless, value-free news-sheet. We have always been committed to social justice", but the paper recognised that it was up the readers to "make up [their] own mind about whether you agree with us or not". Rather than support a particular party, the paper urged all its reader to vote as "a responsibility of common citizenship". On 4 May 2015, the weekday version of The Independent said that a continuation of the Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition after the general election would be a positive outcome.

At the end of July 2018 The Independent led a campaign they called the "Final Say" - a change.org petition by editor Christian Broughton, for a binding referendum on the Brexit deal between the UK and the European Union.

As of 2019, Independent in Arabic is owned and managed by Saudi Research and Marketing Group (SRMG), a major publishing organisation with close ties to the Saudi royal family.

There have also been various guest editors over the years, such as Elton John on 1 December 2010, the Body Shop's Anita Roddick on 19 June 2003 and U2's Bono in 2006.

Predominantly in The Independent:

Predominantly The Independent on Sunday:

The Independent sponsors the Longford Prize, in memory of Lord Longford.

The Independent on Sunday ( IoS) was the Sunday sister newspaper of The Independent. It ceased to exist in 2016, the last edition being published on 20 March; the daily paper ceasing print publication six days later.

In October 2010, the i, a compact sister newspaper, was launched. The i is a separate newspaper but uses some of the same material. It was later sold to regional newspaper company Johnston Press, becoming that publisher's flagship national newspaper. The i's online presence, i100, was restyled as indy100 and retained by Independent News & Media.

The Independent supported U2 lead singer Bono's Product RED brand by creating The (RED) Independent, an occasional edition that gave half the day's proceeds to the charity. The first edition was in May 2006. Edited by Bono, it drew high sales.

A September 2006 edition of The (RED) Independent, designed by fashion designer Giorgio Armani, drew controversy due to its cover shot, showing model Kate Moss in blackface for an article about AIDS in Africa.

The Independent was awarded "National Newspaper of the Year" for 2003 and the Independent on Sunday was awarded "Front Page of the Year" for 2014's "Here is the news, not the propaganda", printed on 5 October 2014.

Independent journalists have won a range of British Press Awards, including:

"Business & Finance Journalist of the Year": Michael Harrison, 2000; Hamish McRae, 2005; Stephen Foley, 2008

"Cartoonist of the Year": Dave Brown, 2012

"Columnist of the Year": Robert Chalmers (Independent on Sunday), 2004; Mark Steel, 2014

"Foreign Reporter of the Year": Patrick Cockburn, 2014

"Interviewer of the Year": Mathew Norman, 2007; Deborah Ross, 2011

"Political Journalist of the Year": Francis Elliott (Independent on Sunday), 2005

"Specialist Journalist of the Year": Michael McCarthy, 2000; Jeremy Laurance, 2011

"Sports Journalist of the Year": James Lawton, 2010

"Young Journalist of the Year": Johann Hari, 2002; Ed Caesar, 2006

In January 2013, The Independent was nominated for the Responsible Media of the Year award at the British Muslim Awards.

1. ^ "'The Independent' launches tabloid version to give readers a choice". The Independent. London. 27 September 2003.

2. Dennis Griffiths (ed.) ^ The Encyclopedia of the British Press, 1422-1992, London & Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1992, p. 330

3. ^ Lewis, Justin; Williams, Andrew; Franklin, Bob; Thomas, James; Mosdell, Nick. "The Quality and Independence of British Journalism: Tracking the Changes Over 20 Years" (PDF). Cardiff: Cardiff School of Journalism, Media and Cultural Studies, Cardiff University. p. 61.

4. Lelic, Sarah (19 September 2006). "INM eyes Independent profit". mad.co.uk. Archived from the original on 18 May 2007.

5. Ponsford, Dominic (9 April 2010) ^ "Roger Alton steps down as Independent editor", Press Gazette (London).

6. ^ Ponsford, Dominic (20 April 2010). "Independent relaunch". Press Gazette. Archived from the original on 22 April 2010.

7. ^ Whitehead, Jennifer (12 October 2005). "Independent breaks front page mould again". . Archived from the original on 14 February 2012.

8. ^ "If newspapers had a vote, this one would put its cross beside... (leader)". The Independent. London. 1 May 2008. p. 28. So consonant are her priorities with those of this paper that, if we could vote for mayor today, we would place our first-preference cross against her name. This would underscore the importance of the environment to both London and to the rest of the nation. Then, and with rather heavy heart, it would be illogical to do anything other than make Ken Livingstone our second choice.

9. ^ Ipsos MORI (24 May 2010). "Voting by Newspaper Readership 1992-2010". Ipsos MORI General Election aggregates. Ipsos MORI.

10. ^ "Press Awards Winners 2000-08". 16 March 2004. Archived from the original on 2 April 2016.

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The Independent is a British online publisher of news that was established in 1986 as a politically independent national morning printed newspaper published in London. Nicknamed the Indy, it began as a broadsheet and changed to tabloid format in 2003. The last printed edition was published on Saturday 26 March 2016, leaving only the online edition.

# data[].attributes.headline
Distribution du travail (4 mots clés chacun ou tout le monde travail sur tout et on regroupe à vous de voir)

# data[].attributes.subject
Distribution du travail (4 mots clés chacun ou tout le monde travail sur tout et on regroupe à vous de voir)

# data[].attributes.body
Rémy : birth / the i / frontpage octobre 2014 Helming / Lebedev
Johanne : rise / frontpages 13 june 2007 Blair / war in Iraq / digital future
Julien : death/ decline (la mort et le déclin, c'est joyeux ça)/ view paper / job losses