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• is the short term energy system.

–It’s used when the exercise lasts between 10 seconds up until 2 minutes.

–The exercise is usually of a moderate intensity.

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Lactic acid system is capable of releasing energy to resynthesise ATP without the involvement of oxygen and is called anaerobic glycolysis. Glycolysis (breakdown of Glycogen) results in the formation of pyruvic acid and energy. This energy is used to rebuild ATP from ADP and phosphate. The pyruvic acid changed into lactic acid. This cause the muscle contraction become impaired and body become fatique. Energy from this source lasts longer. The examples of sport that suitable for this system are athletes who runs 200m to 800m.

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Lactic acid system is a system that produces energy anaerobically. It is a short-term energy production system which lasts within 3 minutes. Lactic acid system breaks down glucose through the process called glycolysis to produce energy. The breakdown of glycogen releases pyruvic acid and energy. The energy produced is then used for Adenosintriphosphate (ATP) regeneration from Adenosindiphosphate (ADP). The pyruvic acid formed can be removed easily when oxygen is available. However, if there is a shortage of oxygen supply, pyruvic acid will convert to lactic acid. Lactic acid accumulation in the muscles will cause  muscle fatigue. This energy system is only suitable for the activity that used short burst of energy such as weight lifting and short sprinting.

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Lactic acid system is a system whereby oxygen is little or absent during the glycolysis (breakdown of CHO into pyruvate for energy fuel) process. This will cause the pyruvate to change into lactic acid. The accumulation of H+ ion (from lactic acid) makes the muscle fail to fully contract and leads to muscle cramp or even fatigue. The energy from this source lasts longer for up to three minutes. Therefore it is suitable for muscle use at high intensity for a short period of time. Examples of sport: heavy weightlifting, 200m sprint, 800m sprint. To remove the lactic acid, it can be done through cooling down the body.

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It is Anaerobic (does not need 02).

It requires more chemical reactions than the ATP – PC system so is

not the first system used.

It is activated at the beginning of intense exercise.

Peak power from this system is reached at between 5  - 15 seconds. It continues to provide ATP until it fatigues at about 2 – 3 min.
CHO’s are broken down to glucose and stored in the muscle and liver. (in the muscle and liver as glycogen and in the blood and plasma as glucose and in the body tissue as Adipose).Small amounts remain in the blood as plasma.
ATP must be re-formed from ADP+Pi. This required energy. The energy comes from breaking down Glycogen. Breaking down glycogen is called

Glycolysis. The LA system does this without 02 and is therefore refereed to as anaerobic glycolysis. Because there is no 02 present the glycogen is not totally broken down and the by-product lactic acid is formed.Lactic acid present in the muscle decreases muscle pH, which in turn decreases the amount on glycolytic enzymes and the rate of ATP resynthesis, causing FATIGUE!

Glycolytic enzymes are responsible for breaking down glycogen.

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Lactic acid system  is capable of releasing energy to resynthesise ATP without the involvement of oxygen and is called anaerobic glycolysis. Anaerobic glycolysis (breakdown of carbohydrates) results in the formation of pyruvic acid and hydrogen ions (H+).  This short term energy system can last for up to 3 minutes in high intensity activities. The examples of activities that use the lactic energy system are 400 m sprint, basketball match and so on.

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Lactic acid system is a system that produce energy anaerobically. This system being used in the condition of shortage in oxygen during exercise. It is a short-term energy production system which lasts within 3 minutes. ATP is rebuild for energy used in exercise. Lactic acid is accumulated in the muscles as by products. Lactic acid will cause muscle fatigue. Example of exercises that use lactic acid system are basketball, 400m - 800m sprint and badminton.

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Lactic acid system is a system whereby oxygen is little or absent during the glycolysis (breakdown of CHO into pyruvate for energy fuel) process. This will cause the pyruvate to change into lactic acid. The accumulation of H+ ion (from lactic acid) makes the muscle fail to fully contract and leads to muscle cramp or even fatigue. The energy from this source lasts longer for up to three minutes. Therefore it is suitable for muscle use at high intensity for a short period of time. Examples of sport: heavy weightlifting, 200m sprint, 800m sprint. To remove the lactic acid, it can be done through cooling down the body.

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Lactic acid system is also known as anaerobic glycolysis system or fast glycolysis system. It involves breaking down of carbohydrate for fuel in body. The fuel stored in the muscle as glycogen or delivered to muscle as blood glucose. Glycolysis can produce fuel for 30 seconds to a minute for moderate heavy resistance training. This system results in formation of lactic acid which could cause muscle fatigue and even cessation of exercise. Sports that uses lactic acid system are 400m race and racket sports.

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Lactic acid system is an anaerobic energy system that start operating after the store of phosphocreatinein muscle is depleted. The source of fuel for this energy system are blood glucose and muscle glycogen. Breakdown of muscle glycogen produes ATP and energy for muscle contraction. Energy produced by this system can last up to three minutes. However, build up of lactic acid (by-product of this system) in the muscle can result in muscular fatigue. After the end of exercise, lactic acid is reconverted to glycogen in the liver.

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Lactic acid system is  anaerobic system that produce lactate as by product. 2 ATP molecules have been produced in this system. There is shortage of oxygen supply in the glycolysis process which then convert pyruvate into lactic acid. Lactate then will accumulated in the muscle which results to muscular fatigue. This system uses muscle at high intensity and high rate of work for a short period of time. The examples of exercise that use this system are heavy weight lifting and sprinting. This system last for about 10 seconds to 3 minutes because oxygen is not used for energy and fatiguing metabolic by products. Lactate need to be removed from body by cooling down process. Lactate removal usually takes about 20-60 minutes after the exercise.

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The lactic acid system is an anaerobic energy
system in which the high-energy compound
adenosintriphosphate (ATP) is manufactured
from the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid
in the muscle cells. In the course of the
process, known as anaerobic glycolysis (the
splitting of sugars), chemical energy is released
and used to synthesise two ATP molecules for
each glucose molecule metabolised.
During high-intensity activities, such as sprint
races, lasting up to about two minutes or for the
first 40 seconds or so of less intensive exercise
(before the aerobic metabolism has been fully
activated), the body uses the lactic acid system
for energy.
The pyruvic acid that is produced is converted
to lactic acid (C3H603), which very
quickly dissociates into hydrogen ions and
lactate. The end-product of glycolysis under
aerobic conditions is pyruvate, a salt or ester
of pyruvic acid.

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Lactic acid system is an anaerobic pathway used when there is short supply of oxygen. In this system, glycogen is converted to glucose which then undergoes glycolysis to produce pyruvate and energy. Energy is used to regenerate ATP from ADP and P while in the absence of oxygen, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid. Accumulation of lactic acid cause muscular fatigue which ultimately lead to cessation of exercise. Energy from lactic acid system lasts longer than ATP-PC, which is up to 3 minutes before build up of lactic acid prevent further energy production. This system is suitable
for heavy weight lifting and sprinting or any rapid burst of hard exercise. 20-60 minutes is needed to remove accumulated lactic  acid after maximal exercise.

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This system is one of the three systems which produces energy and acts as the energy source for muscle contraction during exercise. Lactic acid system is used when the muscle is lack of oxygen supply. The glycogen or glucose is oxidised under anaerobic condition to yield 2 ATP and also a metabolic by-product, lactic acid which causes rapid muscle fatigue.
This system is suitable for athletes run for 200m, 400m and also those who need to keep up continuous short burst of activity. This is because energy produced from this source can only last for up to 3 minutes before lactic acid build up.

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Lactic acid system is an anaerobic energy system. It is used when someone is participating in continuous short bursts activity. Carbohydrates from food intake will be stored as glycogen in all body cells, especially in muscles and liver. The break down of glycogen releases pyruvic acid and energy. The energy produced is then used for Adenosintriphosphate (ATP) regeneration from Adenosindiphosphate (ADP). The pyruvic acid formed can be removed easily when oxygen is available. However, if there is a shortage of oxygen supply, pyruvic acid will convert to lactic acid, a substance which will cause muscular fatigue if accumulation occur in muscle. Accumulated lactic acid can be removed in 20 to 60 minutes after maximal exercise. This lactic acid energy system is suitable for heavy weight lifting, sprinting and 200 m to 800 m of

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The lactic acid system is an anaerobic energy system in which the high-energy compound adenosintriphosphate (ATP) is manufactured from the breakdown of glucose to pyruvic acid in the muscle cells. In the course of the process, known as anaerobic glycolysis (the splitting of sugars), chemical energy is released and used to synthesise two ATP molecules for each glucose molecule metabolised. During high-intensity activities, such as sprint races, lasting up to about two minutes or for the first 40 seconds or so of less intensive exercise (before the aerobic metabolism has been fully activated), the body uses the lactic acid system for energy. The pyruvic acid that is produced is converted to lactic acid (C3H603), which very quickly dissociates into hydrogen ions and lactate. The end-product of glycolysis under aerobic conditions is pyruvate, a salt or ester of pyruvic acid.

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Lactic acid system involved glycolysis with oxygen shortly supplied. it provide energy (fuel) with the breakdown of carbohydrate. Fuel used in this process is glycogen which stored in muscle and delivered as blood glucose later. Lactic acid system as well known as fast glycolysis and thus due to the lacking supply of oxygen in glycolysis, lactic acid is formed. Energy produced from fast glycolysis can last up to 3 minutes before the formation of lactic acid which prevent further energy production. At the meantime, it takes around 20 to 60 minutes to eliminate the accumulated lactic acid after maximal exercise.

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Lactic acid system is an anaerobic system that means no oxygen used involved.
Glycolysis is the process involed that break down glucose to pyruvate and then get energy in the form of ATP.
Latic acid system will lead to cramp and fatigue if in prolonged period as accumulation of lacic acid. Thus, oxygen debt must be recovered to eliminate the lactic acid from body.
This system also used when exercise of high intensity but short period of time.

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The lactic acid system or also known as fast anaerobic glycolysis system is a system that generates energy. Not as ATP-PC energy system which uses ATP that is stored in the muscle, lactic acid system uses carbohydrate as the main source of energy. Carbohydrate is stored in the muscles in the form of glycogen. Initially, glycogen will be broken down to glucose to generate energy. This glucose then will undergo glycolysis (the breakdown of carbohydrate) and forming pyruvic acid and hydrogen ion as the by product. This process also produces 2 ATP which will use to generate muscle contraction. Pyruvic acid is easily to remove when there is the presence of oxygen. However in this system, oxygen is insufficient thus resulting the pyruvic acid to convert to lactate or lactic acid. The insufficient of oxygen will also causes hydrogen ion to build up in the body as it could not be removed. This high acidic muscle would cause the burning sensation in muscle thus making the muscle to stop functioning as enzymes that can control glycolysis. The lactate formed will then be removed from muscle as to prevent the muscle cell from being too acidic. However, when intense exercise continues, the lactate cannot be removed enough as to control the acidic condition caused by accumulation of hydrogen ion. Thus this condition will stimulate pain and soreness to the muscle.

This system is good in the duration of 1 to 2 minutes or until the pain would trigger the muscle to stop. This system also uses the muscle at high intensity of work for a short period of time. Some of the examples of exercises that use this energy system are heavy weight lifting and sprinting.

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Lactic acid system is an anaerobic system which provides energy in the absence of oxygen or shortage of oxygen. The fuel for lactic acid system is glucose which came from glycogen that is stored in muscle and liver. The glucose from there will be broken down through the process call glycolysis and produce pyruvate and energy .The energy released is used to rebuild ATP from ADP. 2 ATP is produce from this process. When there is insufficient of oxygen the pyruvate will converted into lactic acid. Accumulation of lactic acid will inhibit enzyme and cause fatigue, soreness and pain in muscle. This system is suitable used for fast and powerful bursts of energy .This system only provide energy for 1-2 minutes when working at maximum intensity such as sprinting and heavy weight.

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The lactic acid energy system uses carbohydrates (CHO) as its only source of fuel and relies on anaerobic glycolysis for its production of ATP. Glycolysis is the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP. In anaerobic glycolysis, the glucose which sourced from glycogen in the muscle or glucose in the blood is turned into lactic acid as it produces ATP. The lactic acid system produces 2 ATP for each glucose molecule it breakdowns, however, it also produces lactic acid in the process. The cause of fatigue in the lactic acid system is the build-up of pyruvic acid in the muscle. Without oxygen the body converts the pyruvate and two H+ to lactate. This helps to reduce the acidity of the muscle and allows anaerobic glycolysis to last longer, as the lactate is removed from the muscle and taken to the liver where it is converted to a useful fuel source such as glucose. However, in continued high intensity activity the lactate cannot be removed fast enough, which results in a build-up of pyruvic acid. It is specifically the build-up of the H+ within the muscle that causes fatigue. It does this by increasing the acidity of the muscle and causing the enzymes needed for anaerobic glycolysis to slow down. The main by-product of the lactic acid system is pyruvic acid. This by-product is then converted to lactate and transported out of the muscle to the liver to be converted to glucose. The lactic acid energy system is the dominant system in sports which require a high intensity for longer than 10 seconds. Sports such as 200m or 400m run, or 50m and 100m swim are highly reliant on the lactic acid system.

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Lactic acid system is also known as fast anaerobic glycolysis. It occurs when there is absence or shortage of oxygen, carbohydrate is broken down for fuel and produce lactic acid. This system can produce fuel for 30 seconds to a minute for moderate heavy resistance training. Type of exercises involved this system are 400m, high jump, sprinting, weight lifting and high jump. The carbohydrate and fat are used as the main sources. Muscle and liver glycogen made from glucose obtained from digested food. Glycogen breaks down to produce pyruvate and energy. This energy released are used to regenerate ATP from ADP and P. A total of 2 ATP are produced. Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid when the oxygen is unavailable. An accumulation of lactic acid will cause muscular fatigue. Therefore, cooling down is crucial to facilitate the removal of lactic acid. This is because there is an increased perfusion of blood through the liver and heart as well as increased blood flow to muscle which oxidize lactic acid. This system cannot lasts long as oxygen is not used for energy and the presence of metabolic by-products.

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lactic acid system refers to

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Lactic acid system also known as fast anaerobic glycolysis. It occurs in the absence or shortage of oxygen which involve the breakdown of carbohydrate for fuel through glycolysis

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Concept of lactic acid system (Cheng Swea Hong)

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Concept of lactic acid system (Cheng Swea Hong)

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The lactic acid system is an anaerobic system in which the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is formed from the breakdown of glucose in muscle cell. The initially stored glycogen is broken down to glucose. The glucose is then broken down by a series of enzymes by the proses of glycolysis. The breakdown of glucose results in formation of pyruvic acid and energy.  The energy produced is used to rebuild ATP from ADP and P. Pyruvic acid can be easily removed in the presence of oxygen. Meanwhile, this system is anaerobic, there is no oxygen available to break down pyruvate in order to produce more ATP. As a result, the pyruvic acid is converted to lactic acid. There is no further ATP synthesis which causes the muscles fail to contract fully and eventually become fatigue.

Energy synthesis from this system lasts longer as compared to ATP-PC system. It can last up to 3 minutes before building up of lactic acid which prevents further ATP production.

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wani-The Lactic Acid system breaks down the fuel glucose to provide energy, via coupled reactions to re-synthesise ADP back into ATP. Glucose is supplied directly from the digestion of carbohydrate or from glycogen- the stored form of carbohydrate located in the muscles and liver and is readily available as an energy fuel. The decrease in Phospho-Creatine stores activate an enzyme called Glycogen Phosphorylase which breaks down glycogen to glucose. This then broken down in a series of reactions called Glycolysis. The Lactic Acid system takes place in the muscles cell and does not require oxygen and is termed Anaerobic Glycolysis. Advantages Large glycogen store in muscle/liver is readily available as a potential energy source.Re-synthesises two molecules of ATP- more than PC system.Requires fewer reactions than the aerobic system so provides a quicker supply of energy.Glycogen Phosphorylase and PFK enzyme activation due to decrease in PC.Provides energy for high intensity exercise lasting between 10 and 180 seconds. Disadvantages, produces Lactic Acid, which is a fatiguing by-product..Net Effect is muscle fatigue and pain

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wani-The Lactic Acid system breaks down the fuel glucose to provide energy, via coupled reactions to re-synthesise ADP back into ATP. Glucose is supplied directly from the digestion of carbohydrate or from glycogen- the stored form of carbohydrate located in the muscles and liver and is readily available as an energy fuel. The decrease in Phospho-Creatine stores activate an enzyme called Glycogen Phosphorylase which breaks down glycogen to glucose. This then broken down in a series of reactions called Glycolysis. The Lactic Acid system takes place in the muscles cell and does not require oxygen and is termed Anaerobic Glycolysis. Advantages Large glycogen store in muscle/liver is readily available as a potential energy source.Re-synthesises two molecules of ATP- more than PC system.Requires fewer reactions than the aerobic system so provides a quicker supply of energy.Glycogen Phosphorylase and PFK enzyme activation due to decrease in PC.Provides energy for high intensity exercise lasting between 10 and 180 seconds. Disadvantages, produces Lactic Acid, which is a fatiguing by-product..Net Effect is muscle fatigue and pain

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The lactic acid system involves glycolysis. During glycolysis, there is breakdown of carbohydrate for fuel. The fuel stored in the muscle in form of glycogen. The glycogen is delivered to the muscle as blood glucose. The glycolysis ables to produce fuel for thirty seconds to a minute during moderate heavy resistance training. The glycolysis in the lactic acid system is known as fast glycolysis. The fast glycolysis is used when there is a short supply of oxygen. So, there is formation of lactic acid. However, an increase in lactic acid leads to muscular fatigue. During moderate heavy resistance training, glycogen breaks down to form pyruvic acid and energy. The energy is used to rebuild ATP and forms ADP and P. The lactic acid system is anaerobic. The pyruvic acid is removed in an easy way when there is oxygen. However, when there is little oxygen, the pyruvic acid is changed into lactic acid. When the muscles fail to contract completely, it leads to muscle fatigue. The energy generated from this system is longer lasting, which is up to three minutes before building up of lactic acid. The build up of lactic acid leads to cessation of energy production. This system is suitable for athletes who involve in 200m and 800m running. This is because they need to keep up continuous short bursts of activity. After maximal exercise, the removal of accumulated lactic acid takes about 20-60 minutes. The formula for this system: ADP + Glycogen = ATP + Pyruvic acid.

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Lactic acid system is also known as the fast anaerobic(glycolysis) system. The system occur when the oxygen is in short supply. First, the glycogen stored in the muscle and liver will be converted into pyruvic acid and energy through glycolysis. This energy is used the rebuild the the ATP from ADP and phosphate. The system will occur in the absence of oxygen. But when the oxygen is available, the pyruvic acid will be removed easily from the body. Next, in case if the body lack of oxygen, the pyruvic acid will be converted into lactic acid.The energy from this source only last to about up to three minutes before the build up of the lactic acid in the muscle that can lead to fatigue. Thus, this energy is only suitable for the activity that used short burst of energy such as weight lifting and short sprinting. Cool down after the exercise will help to facilitate the lactate removal by increasing the blood perfusion through the liver and heart and increase the blood flow in muscle. This happen as the muscle oxidize lactate.

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•Fast glycolysis is also known as the lactic acid system.

•Used when oxygen is in short supply.

•Fast glycolysis results in the formation of lactic acid. An increase in lactic acid in the muscle can involve muscular fatigue which eventually slows the athlete and ultimately cessation of exercise.

•This energy system is capable of high levels of intensity, but this intensity prevents the removal of waste products because not enough oxygen is available.

•The anaerobic lactic energy system is developed by intense work loads of 10 seconds to two minutes duration. Rest periods will depend on the duration of the work and should be three to ten minutes to allow removal of most of the lactic acid produced.

•It may take more than one hour for lactic acid levels to return to their pre-exercise level.

• Light activity such as walking or jogging following intense efforts speeds up the removal of lactic acid. The first ten minutes of active recovery produces the greatest reduction in lactic acid levels.

•For example,
-The 400 metre sprinter will accumulate high levels of lactic acid after 35-40 seconds.
- The 800 metre runner runs more slowly and accumulates lactic acid at a slower rate,
reaching high levels after about 70-85 seconds.

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The lactic acid system is also known as fast (anaerobic) glycolysis. This system is utilized by the body when oxygen is short in supply, usually the muscles are working at high intensity and a high rate within a short period of time. This system is named so because the fast glycolysis will produce lactic acid, which in turn will cause muscular fatigue and ultimately a cessation of exercise in athletes. This system yields 2 ATP from muscles and liver glycogen stores which can provide energy up to 3 minutes. Examples of exercise involving the use of this system are heavy weight lifting and sprinting.

First, glycogen stores in the muscles and liver are broke down into pyruvic acid and releases energy. The energy released is used to rebuild ATP from ADP. Pyruvic acid is easily removed when oxygen is available. But since oxygen in unavailable, pyruvate will be converted into lactate or lactic acid by reduction process with lactate dehydrogenase enzyme. Lactic acid causes muscles fail to contract fully hence result in fatigue. Lactic acid also prevents further energy production. After a maximal exercise, an athlete will require 20 to 60 minutes to remove the accumulated lactic acid in his body. Therefore, it is important to have cool down process after exercise as the increased perfusion of blood through liver and heart facilitate lactate removal by bringing oxygen to oxidize it.

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Explain the concept of the lactic acid systems

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Explain the concept of the lactic acid systems