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An operating system is the core set of software on a device that keeps everything together. Operating systems communicate with the device’s hardware. They handle everything from your keyboard and mice to the Wi-Fi radio, storage devices, and display. In other words, an operating system handles input and output devices.

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An operating system has two parts:
The first component is the SHELL which is the outer part of an operating system and it is responsible of interacting with it.
The second component is the KERNEL which is responsible for managing and controlling computer resources such as the processor, main memory, storage devices, input devices, output devices and communication devices.

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The components of an operating system are:
1. Kernel
2. Process Execution
3. Interrupt
4. Memory Management
5. Multitasking
6. Networking
7. Security
8. User Interface

1. Kernel: gives one of the most fundamental level of control over all the computer’s hardware devices. The kernel is the central component of an operating system (OS). It is the component of the operating system that loads initially, and it lingers in main memory.
2. Process execution: the operating system offers an interface in between an application program and the hardware can connect just by following principles and procedures configured into the operating system.
3. Interrupt: is a signal from a device connected to a computer system or from a program within the computer system that needs the operating system to quit and determine exactly what to do next.
4. Memory Management: this makes sure that a program does not conflict with memory currently being used by an additional program.
The work of a MemoryManagement can be divided into three groups :

1 Hardware memory management.

2 OS (operating system) memory management.

3 Application memory management.

5. Multitasking: describes the operating of multiple independent computer programs on the same computer system.
6. Networking: the processors interact with each other via communication lines called network.
7. Security: a computer system being safe and secure depends upon a variety of technologies working effectively.
8. User Interface: checks out the directory framework and requests services from the operating system that will obtain information from input hardware devices and demands operating system services to display prompts, status messages and such on output hardware devices.

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Microsoft Windows, Apple macOS, Linux, Android and Apple's iOS are the five of the most common operating systems.

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