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The Lawes of Resolutions of Women's Right

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The Lawes of Resolutions of Women's Right

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The Law's of Resolution of Women's Rights was the first English book of Women's rights and was published in 1632. It put together laws on women's rights to help women understand laws that governed them. It mostly focuses on laws concerning property and marriage. I chose the Laws of Resolution of Women's Rights because it was put together to help women understand what their status was and what rights they had. It helped them understand what laws governed them.

Text Citation:

"Early 17th Century: Topics." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. W.W.

Norton and Company, 2010. Web. 6 May 2014.

Image Citation:

"The Lawes Resolutions of Womens Rights or the Laws." New York City Bar.

Association of the Bar of the City of New Yor, 2014. Web. 25 Apr. 2014.

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The first coffeehouse in England was opened in 1650 and they became popular social meeting places for people to come eat, drink and discuss Politics, culture and philosophy. Politicians and businessman could sit down and read newspapers and discuss the latest news. I chose Coffeehouses because they, unlike taverns and many social places at the time, were alcohol free, did not allow gambling, consuming alcohol, swearing and fighting. In Coffeehouses, men from any class could go talk, do business and exchange information and different ideas. Coffeehouses allowed people to spread ideas and news in a safe, sober environment.

text citations:

Green, Matthew. "The Lost World of the London Coffeehouse." The Public Domain

Review. Creative Commons Attribution, n.d. Web. 6 May 2014.

"The History of Coffeehouses." Richard Charlton's Coffeehouse. The Colonial

Williamsburg Foundation, 2008. Web. 6 May 2014.

Image Citation:

"Interior of a London Coffee-house."1650-1750. The British Museum, London. The

British Museum. Web. 5 May 2014.

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Oliver Cromwell used his army to take over the English government in the 17th century and established a Commonwealth, a republic that protects the welfare of citizens rather than the nobility and king. Cromwell made himself Lord protector and used the New Model Army to enforce his policies which were passed because he believed that they would make society as a whole better. I chose this because it changed the government and took power away from the monarchy and gave the power more to the people and he reformed Parliament and made a written constitution. He also took in the kingdoms of Scotland and Ireland into one commonwealth with England.

Text Citation:

Spielvogel, Jackson J. World History. New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2008. Print.

Image Citation:

Oliver Cromwell (1599–1658). N.d. The Captain Christie Crawfurd English Civil

War Collection. Your paintings. Web. 5 May 2014.

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Oliver Cromwell was a devout Puritan and once he took over the government and became Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, he established many laws and banned many common social events and traditions. He passed the Blue laws in 1650 which restricted people from doing many of the activities they used to do like dancing and gambling and had many inns and theaters closed and many sports were banned.On sundays, people could not do unnecessary work and Cromwell banned Christmas. I chose this because these laws affected society and restricted people from doing activities they were used to doing.

Text citation:

History.com Staff. "Oliver Cromwell." History.com. A+E Networks, 2009. Web. 1 May 2014.

Image Citation:

"Oliver Cromwell's laws." Bitesize. BBC, n.d. Web. 5 May 2014.

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Leviathan is a book written by Thomas Hobbes written during the English Civil War and published in 1651. It argues that civil peace and social unity are achieved if a commonwealth is established through the social contract. The ideal commonwealth would be rules by monarchy that's responsible for the protection and security of the community and is given absolute power in order to ensure protection and defense. It also argues that civil war can be avoided with a strong undivided government. I chose this because Leviathan is one of the most important political philosophical books written at the time. The Social contract is developed in the book Leviathan.

Text Citation:

"Hobbes's Moral and Political Philosophy." Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The

MetaphysicsResearch Lab, 12 Feb. 2002. Web. 6 May 2014.

"Thomas Hobbes." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2014. Web. 5 May 2014.

Image Citation:

"The Frontispiece of the book Leviathan by Thomas Hobbes." Wikipedia. Wikipedia,

n.d. Web. 5 May 2014.

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The English Bill of Rights was an act of parliament resulting from a struggle between the Stuart kings, Parliament and the people which limited the power of the monarchy. The Bill of Rights gave civil, political and religious liberties to the English people (except for non-Protestants) and made it so that the king could not pass or suspend laws or levy taxes without Parliament's approval and banned Catholic's from the thrown to maintain Protestantism as England's official language. I chose this because it was important to the political history of England because it freed England from arbitrary rule of the monarchy and gave liberties to the English people. The English Bill or Rights became one of the important building blocks of the English constitution.

Text Citation:

"Bill of Rights." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2014. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.

Image Citation:

"Bill of Rights." Bill of Rights Institute. Bill of Rights Institute, n.d. Web.  5 May 2014.

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Portrait of William III Giving His Royal Assent to Toleration Act in 1689

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Portrait of William III Giving His Royal Assent to Toleration Act in 1689

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The Toleration Act of 1689 was an act passed by Parliament on passed on May 24th 1689 granting freedom of religion to protestants (Baptists, Congregationalists, methodists). The Toleration Act did not apply to catholics and unitarians and they were still restricted socially and politically. I chose this because it brought a significant impact to the religious struggle for religious tolerance in England. It helped unite protestants but deliberately left out Catholics and they were not given the same freedoms and rights as Protestants.

Text citation:

"Toleration Act." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2014. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.

Image Citation:

William III, giving his Royal Assent to the Toleration Act, 1689." Wheathampstead United Church. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2014.

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King James' bible was written in 1604 and published in 1611and is an English translation of the English bible made for the church of England. After James's coronation it was requested for the bible to be revised because the existing one was corrupt. This version of the bible is the third translation of the bible in England and had large influence in England and brought spiritual reformation. I chose this because it was important to England and it gave English Christians a common standard in which they could show their faith. The new Bible helped shape the English language.

Text Citation:

"King James Version (KJV)." Britannica School.Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2014. Web. 30 Apr. 2014.

Image Citation:

"King James Bible." Mobia. N.p., n.d. Web. 5 May 2014.

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King James II was a Catholic king and promoted Catholicism in England. England was mainly Protestant and Catholics were not given as many rights and persecuted. James II fought against Parliament and tried to gain Catholic support in Parliament. James II appointed Catholics to powerful positions and suspended laws against Catholics. James II was forced to Abdicate and was succeeded by William and Mary. I chose James II because I thought it was important that James II tried to fight for Catholicism even though he had so much opposition. Even though he was unsuccessful, it was important that he tried to change the religious intolerance given to Catholics.

Text citation:

"James II (r.1685-1688)." The Official Website of the British Monarchy. The Royal

Household, 2008. Web. 6 May 2014

Spielvogel, Jackson J. World History. New York: Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, 2008. Print.

Image Citation:

King James II of England." The Crown and the Unicorn. Worldpress.com, n.d. Web.

5 May 2014.

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William Shakespeare was a famous English poet and playwright who wrote many well-known plays in the late 16th and early 17th centuries. Shakespeare's writings and plays impacted England in areas including art, theater, language, culture and literature. I chose William Shakespeare because he influenced the English language, introducing many new words never before heard into the English Language and because he was considered one of the greatest writers of his time. His works have influenced England and the world.

Text citation:

Merrima, C.D. "William Shakespeare." The Literature Network. Jalic Inc, 2000.  Web. 7 May 2014

"William Shakespeare." Britannica School.Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2014. Web. 7 May 2014.

Image Citation:

"William Shakespeare." Wikipedia. Wikipedia, n.d. Web. 7 May 2014.

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The Table Alphabeticall was the first English dictionary to ever be published in 1604. It has about 3000 words defined in the dictionary and was made so it would be easy for anybody to read and understand many difficult or more complicated English words. I chose this artifact because it provided a list of many English words with their definitions so that people could know what they meant, how to spell them and use them in everyday life. The dictionary allowed people learn how to read and write properly.

Text Citation:

"1604 - Cawdrey's Table Alphabeticall." Learning Dictionaries and Meanings. The

British Library Board, n.d. Web. 7 May 2014.

Image Citation:

"Cawdrey’s Title Page From The English Dictionary." Tredynas Days. Simon Lavery,

2013. Web. 7 May 2014.

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Micrographia by Robert Hooke is a book published in 1665 that showed magnified fossils, flies, fungi etc. that people had never seen under the telescope . It was the first book to have observations that were made under the microscope. Its descriptions and illustrations showed formations that had been invisible to the human eye. I chose this book because it's a very important book in scientific history because for the first time, the public view big pictures of small creatures and things that they'd never seen before. The book also helped inspire public interest in microscopy and introduced the term "cell".

Text Citation:

"Robert Hooke." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2014. Web. 7 May 2014.

Scott, Michon. "Robert Hooke." Strange Science. N.p., 20 Sept. 2012. Web. 8 May

2014.

Image Citation:

Jones, Kevin. "Micrographia." Robert Hooke. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 May 2014.

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The first Steam Engine was made in the late 1600s by Thomas Savery and was a machine that produced steam to make a vacuum that would pump water. Many of the engines were used for pumping out mines and for supplying water to towns, large buildings and more. Savery's engine was not perfect and had many faults to it but it was the first functioning steam engine. I chose the steam engine because it was an important technological advancement. Thomas Savery's steam engine played an important role in the development of future steam engines.

Text Citation:

"Thomas Savery." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2014. Web. 8 May 2014.

Thurston, Robert H. "A History of the Growth of the Steam Engine."

About.com-Inventors. About.com, 2014. Web. 8 May 2014.

Image Citation:

Thomas Savery's steam pump. Photograph. Encyclopædia Britannica. Web. 8 May 2014.

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The Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica is a book written by Isaac Newton and published in 1687 explaining mathematical physics that could explain earthly motions and motions in space. The book explains Newton's laws of motion and Johannes Kepler's Laws of planetary motion. I chose this book because it made a great impact in scientific history. It was one of the most important works during the Scientific Revolution. The Principia gave physical and mathematical proof on how the universe worked and scientist non longer had to come up with explanations on how the universe worked, Newton gave scientific evidence to explain it.

Text Citation:

"Sir Isaac Newton." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2014. Web. 7 May

2014.

Smith, George. "Newton's Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica."

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. The Metaphysics Research Lab,,

2008. Web. 8 May 2014.

Image Citation:

“Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy, The”: title page. Photograph.Encyclopædia

Britannica. Web. 8 May 2014.

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An Anatomical Account of the Motion of the Heart and Blood 

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An Anatomical Account of the Motion of the Heart and Blood 

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An Anatomical Account of the Motion of the Heart and Blood is a book written by William Harvey and published in 1628 on the circulation and flow blood through the body. Harvey's theory contradicted the inaccurate theory of blood circulation at the time which was that blood did not circulate throughout the whole body and was consumed by the body at the same rate that the blood was produced and that there were two separate blood systems in the body. I chose this book because it was a big step towards understanding the human body and how it functions. It allowed people to see the make-up of the juan body more accurately and was a huge advancement in medicine.

Text Citations:

"William Harvey." Britannica School. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc., 2014. Web. 7 May 2014.

Willis, Robert, trans. "William Harvey (1578-1657): On The Motion Of The Heart
And Blood In Animals, 1628." Fordham University. Internet Modern History
Sourcebook., 1998. Web. 8 May 2014.

Image citation:

"Motion of Heart and Blood." Story Time. N.p., n.d. Web. 7 May 2014.

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The Diary of Samuel Pepys is a journal written in the 1600s and includes an account of Pepys' experience in the Great Fire of London in 1666 and how he escaped the fire along with many others by going on boats on the River Thames. The fire began on September 2 1666 and spread quickly throughout London, spreading much damage because Londoners were unable to stop it from spreading since the flames were too hot. I chose this because it's a journal account of the Great Fire of London that greatly impacted London in many ways, including economically. More than 13,000 houses were destroyed in the disaster, leaving thousands of people homeless. The aftermath caused a lot of finical problems and left many people homeless, jobless and with practically nothing left.

Text Citation:

"Samuel Pepys." Magdalene College University of Cambridge. network design, n.d.

Web. 8 May 2014.

Schofield, John. "London After the Great Fire." BBC History. BBC, 2014. Web. 8

May 2014.

Image Citation:

Two pages from one of Samuel Pepys' diaries. BBC Primary History. BBC, 2014.

Web. 8 May 2014.

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The bank of England was established in 1694 during the reign of William and Mary to manage England's debts and be the government's banker. When William and Mary's reign began, public finances were weak and the money system was a mess so a bank needed to be established and the country was in national debt from funding William's wars. I chose the bank of England because it improved England's economy and helped manage England's money so the country wouldn't go bankrupt. The bank of England managed England's money and is in the middle of its financial system.

Text Citation:

"History." Bank of England. Bank of England, n.d. Web. 8 May 2014.

Image Citation:

"Ten shilling (50p) note." Bank of England. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 May 2014.

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The East India Trading Company is a company established in the 1600s to trade with the East Indies. The company became very successful and profitable, holding monopoly on importation of cotton, tea, silk etc. from India to England. I chose the East India Trading Company because it had a great economical impact on England. The EIC advanced trading in England and acquired products and goods from foreign lands and earned a lot of money.

Text Citation:

Dunville, Jody. "British East India Company." Romantic Politics. University of

Wisconsin, n.d. Web. 8 May 2014.

Image Citation:

The Coat of Arms of the British East India Company. Romantic Politics.

University of Tennessee, n.d. Web. 8 May 2014.