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Study with Quizlet and memorise flashcards containing terms like Understanding natural phenomena, Goals of science, Natural science and others.

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Parsimony is the scientific assumption that the simplest answer should be ruled out before more complex explanations are considered.

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“Behavior is the product of the environment in which it has been learned and shaped in the past, and the environment in which it now occurs”, B.F. Skinner.

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1. The Dependent Variable (DV) is the phenomenon of interest in science or the thing that is being studied.

2. The Independent Variable (IV) is an external variable that can potentially influence the phenomenon of interest.

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Must be observable and measurable explanations for the behavior that is based on the current environment and past experience with the environment.

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Explanatory fictions are fictitious or hypothetical variables that exist within the individual, or future events that are credited as the source or cause of a behavior.

1. Mentalism relies on hypothetical variables.

2. Teleological explanations are when future events are used to explain current behavior.

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Contingency is a dependent relation between events and emphasizes the likelihood that one event is a result of another event.

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Functional relation is a mathematical relation between an independent variable and a dependent variable.

1. The stimulus class is the independent variable. This is the variable that is changed or manipulated.

2. The response class is the dependent variable. This is the variable observed for effect from change in the stimulus.

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Is the scientific assumption that phenomena are lawful and occur as a result of other events in a systematic way.

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Based on the physical properties of the stimulus.

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Based on the function or effect of the response on the environment.

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Based on the location of the stimulus either before or after a behavior.

1. An antecedent is an environmental event that occurs before a response.

1. If an antecedent has an evocative effect it will evoke/increase a response. Which increases the momentary probability of a response.

2. If an antecedent has an abative effect it will abate/decrease a response. Which decreases the momentary probability of a response.

3. Latency is the amount of time between an antecedent stimulus and a response.

2. A consequence is an environmental event that occurs after a response and affects the future occurrence of the response it followed. .

1. When a consequence has a strengthening effect it increases the future probability of the behavior.

2. When a consequence has a weakening effect it decreases the future probability of the behavior.

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1. Current Environment

2. Previous Experience

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1. Genetics and DNA: This is species-specific genetic factors shared by the species. This is also the genetic makeup of the specific organism.

2. Non-Inherited Organic Determinants: These can be trauma, brain injury, physical disease and hormonal changes.

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The process in which repeated cycles of variation and interaction with the environment result in differential replication as a function of the interaction.

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The scientific assumption that attributes genetic and behavioral diversity to selection.